Applications of Biotechnology Online Test 12th Science
Applications of Biotechnology Online Test 12th Science
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Question 1 of 55
1. Question
Which of the following involves the manipulation of DNA and naturally occurring processes such as
protein synthesis for a wide range of applications including the production of therapeutically important
proteins?Correct
Genetic engineering involves the manipulation of DNA and naturally occurring processes such as protein synthesis for a wide range of applications including the production of therapeutically important proteins. This also involves extracting a gene from one organism and transferring it to the DNA of another organism, of the same or another species.
Incorrect
Genetic engineering involves the manipulation of DNA and naturally occurring processes such as protein synthesis for a wide range of applications including the production of therapeutically important proteins. This also involves extracting a gene from one organism and transferring it to the DNA of another organism, of the same or another species.
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Question 2 of 55
2. Question
The DNA produced by genetic engineering is called as
Correct
The DNA produced in genetic engineering is referred to as recombinant DNA (rDNA) and this technique as recombinant DNA technology. All these are part of the broad field biotechnology which can be defined as the applications of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of material by biological agents to provide goods and services.
Incorrect
The DNA produced in genetic engineering is referred to as recombinant DNA (rDNA) and this technique as recombinant DNA technology. All these are part of the broad field biotechnology which can be defined as the applications of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of material by biological agents to provide goods and services.
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Question 3 of 55
3. Question
Recombinant DNA technology has led to the large scale production of
Correct
The term biotechnology was first used before 20th century for such traditional activities as making idli, dosa, dairy products, bread or wine, but none of these would be considered biotechnology in the modern sense. Recombinant DNA technology has led to the large scale production of various hormones and proteins of therapeutic use.
Incorrect
The term biotechnology was first used before 20th century for such traditional activities as making idli, dosa, dairy products, bread or wine, but none of these would be considered biotechnology in the modern sense. Recombinant DNA technology has led to the large scale production of various hormones and proteins of therapeutic use.
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Question 4 of 55
4. Question
The Human insulin is synthesized by the β cells of Islets of Langerhans in the
Correct
The Human insulin is synthesized by the β cells of Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It is formed of 51 amino acids which are arranged in two polypeptide chains, A and B.
Incorrect
The Human insulin is synthesized by the β cells of Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It is formed of 51 amino acids which are arranged in two polypeptide chains, A and B.
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Question 5 of 55
5. Question
The Human insulin is is formed of 51 amino acids in which part A contains __ amino acids and part B
contains ___ amino acids.Correct
The Human insulin is synthesized by the β cells of Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It is formed of 51 amino-acids which are arranged in two polypeptide chains, A and B. Both A and B chains are attached together by disulphide bonds.
Incorrect
The Human insulin is synthesized by the β cells of Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It is formed of 51 amino-acids which are arranged in two polypeptide chains, A and B. Both A and B chains are attached together by disulphide bonds.
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Question 6 of 55
6. Question
Insulin controls the levels of _____ in blood.
Correct
Insulin controls the levels of glucose in blood. It facilitates the cellular uptake and utilization of glucose for the release of energy. Deficiency of insulin leads to diabetes mellitus which is characterized by increased blood glucose concentration and a complex of symptoms which may lead to death, if untreated. A continuous program of insulin dependence is required to treat this deficiency
Incorrect
Insulin controls the levels of glucose in blood. It facilitates the cellular uptake and utilization of glucose for the release of energy. Deficiency of insulin leads to diabetes mellitus which is characterized by increased blood glucose concentration and a complex of symptoms which may lead to death, if untreated. A continuous program of insulin dependence is required to treat this deficiency
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Question 7 of 55
7. Question
In early years insulin extracted from which animal was used to treat diabetes?
Correct
In the early years, insulin isolated and purified from the pancreas of pigs and cows was used to treat diabetic patients. Due to minor differences in the structure of the animal insulin as compared to human insulin, it resulted in the occurrence of allergic reactions in some diabetic patients. Production of insulin by recombinant DNA technology started in the late 1970s.
Incorrect
In the early years, insulin isolated and purified from the pancreas of pigs and cows was used to treat diabetic patients. Due to minor differences in the structure of the animal insulin as compared to human insulin, it resulted in the occurrence of allergic reactions in some diabetic patients. Production of insulin by recombinant DNA technology started in the late 1970s.
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Question 8 of 55
8. Question
The recombinant DNA technique involved the insertion of human insulin gene on the plasmids of
Correct
Production of insulin by recombinant DNA technology started in the late 1970s. This technique involved the insertion of human insulin gene on the plasmids of E.coli. The polypeptide chains are synthesized as a precursor called pre-pro insulin, which contains A and B segments linked by a third chain (C) and preceded by a leader sequence. The leader sequence is removed after translation and the C chain is excised, leaving the A and B polypeptide chains.
Incorrect
Production of insulin by recombinant DNA technology started in the late 1970s. This technique involved the insertion of human insulin gene on the plasmids of E.coli. The polypeptide chains are synthesized as a precursor called pre-pro insulin, which contains A and B segments linked by a third chain (C) and preceded by a leader sequence. The leader sequence is removed after translation and the C chain is excised, leaving the A and B polypeptide chains.
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Question 9 of 55
9. Question
Which was the first ever pharmaceutical product of recombinant DNA technology administered to
humans?Correct
Insulin was the first ever pharmaceutical product of recombinant DNA technology administered to humans. The approval to use recombinant insulin for diabetes mellitus was given in 1982. In 1986 human insulin was marketed under the trade name Humulin.
Incorrect
Insulin was the first ever pharmaceutical product of recombinant DNA technology administered to humans. The approval to use recombinant insulin for diabetes mellitus was given in 1982. In 1986 human insulin was marketed under the trade name Humulin.
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Question 10 of 55
10. Question
Best and Banting in 1921, isolated insulin from the pancreatic islets of ____ and demonstrated its
effectiveness against diabetes.Correct
Best and Banting in 1921, isolated insulin from the pancreatic islets of a dog and demonstrated its effectiveness against diabetes.
Incorrect
Best and Banting in 1921, isolated insulin from the pancreatic islets of a dog and demonstrated its effectiveness against diabetes.
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Question 11 of 55
11. Question
The first transgenic cow produced human protein enriched milk, which contained the human alpha
lactalbumin was named asCorrect
In 1997, Rosie, the first transgenic cow produced human protein enriched milk, which contained the human alpha lactalbumin. The protein rich milk (2.4 gm/litre) was a nutritionally balanced food for new born babies than the normal milk produced by the cows.
Incorrect
In 1997, Rosie, the first transgenic cow produced human protein enriched milk, which contained the human alpha lactalbumin. The protein rich milk (2.4 gm/litre) was a nutritionally balanced food for new born babies than the normal milk produced by the cows.
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Question 12 of 55
12. Question
Interferons are proteinaceous, antiviral, species specific substances were discovered by
Correct
Explanation
Interferons are proteinaceous, antiviral, species specific substances produced by mammalian cells when infected with viruses. Interferons were discovered by Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindemann in 1957. Based on the structure of interferons they are classified as α, β and γ interferonsIncorrect
Explanation
Interferons are proteinaceous, antiviral, species specific substances produced by mammalian cells when infected with viruses. Interferons were discovered by Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindemann in 1957. Based on the structure of interferons they are classified as α, β and γ interferons -
Question 13 of 55
13. Question
Which of the following is more suitable for production of recombinant interferons?
Correct
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is more suitable for production of recombinant interferons than E. coli, since E. coli does not possess the machinery for glycosylation of proteins.
Incorrect
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is more suitable for production of recombinant interferons than E. coli, since E. coli does not possess the machinery for glycosylation of proteins.
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Question 14 of 55
14. Question
Interferons are used for the treatment of various diseases like
Correct
Interferons are used for the treatment of various diseases like cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C and herpes zoster. In spite of the therapeutic applications interferons are not within the reach of the common man due to high cost for its production.
Incorrect
Interferons are used for the treatment of various diseases like cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C and herpes zoster. In spite of the therapeutic applications interferons are not within the reach of the common man due to high cost for its production.
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Question 15 of 55
15. Question
Vaccines that use components of a pathogenic organism rather than the whole organism are called
Correct
Vaccines that use components of a pathogenic organism rather than the whole organism are called subunit vaccines; recombinant DNA technology is very suited for developing new subunit vaccines. It includes components like proteins, peptides and DNAs of pathogenic organisms. The advantages of these vaccines include their purity in preparation, stability and safe use.
Incorrect
Vaccines that use components of a pathogenic organism rather than the whole organism are called subunit vaccines; recombinant DNA technology is very suited for developing new subunit vaccines. It includes components like proteins, peptides and DNAs of pathogenic organisms. The advantages of these vaccines include their purity in preparation, stability and safe use.
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Question 16 of 55
16. Question
Which includes genetically modified pathogenic organisms (bacteria or viruses) that are made non-
pathogenic and are used as vaccines?Correct
Attenuated recombinant vaccines includes genetically modified pathogenic organisms (bacteria or viruses) that are made nonpathogenic and are used as vaccines. It is now possible to genetically engineer the organisms (bacteria or viruses) and use them as live vaccines and such vaccines are referred to as attenuated recombinant vaccines.
Incorrect
Attenuated recombinant vaccines includes genetically modified pathogenic organisms (bacteria or viruses) that are made nonpathogenic and are used as vaccines. It is now possible to genetically engineer the organisms (bacteria or viruses) and use them as live vaccines and such vaccines are referred to as attenuated recombinant vaccines.
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Question 17 of 55
17. Question
___are prepared by molecular pharming using the science of genetic engineering.
Correct
Edible vaccines are prepared by molecular pharming using the science of genetic engineering. Selected genes are introduced into plants and the transgenic plants are induced to manufacture the encoded protein. Edible vaccines are mucosal targeted vaccines which cause stimulation of both systemic and mucosal immune response.
Incorrect
Edible vaccines are prepared by molecular pharming using the science of genetic engineering. Selected genes are introduced into plants and the transgenic plants are induced to manufacture the encoded protein. Edible vaccines are mucosal targeted vaccines which cause stimulation of both systemic and mucosal immune response.
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Question 18 of 55
18. Question
At present edible vaccines are produced for human and animal diseases like
Correct
At present edible vaccines are produced for human and animal diseases like measles, cholera, foot and mouth disease and hepatitis.
Incorrect
At present edible vaccines are produced for human and animal diseases like measles, cholera, foot and mouth disease and hepatitis.
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Question 19 of 55
19. Question
Which Vaccine consists of a gene encoding an antigenic protein, inserted onto a plasmid, and then
incorporated into the cells in a target animal?Correct
DNA vaccine consists of a gene encoding an antigenic protein, inserted onto a plasmid, and then incorporated into the cells in a target animal. DNA instructs the cells to make antigenic molecules which are displayed on its surfaces. This would evoke an antibody response to the free floating antigen secreted by the cells
Incorrect
DNA vaccine consists of a gene encoding an antigenic protein, inserted onto a plasmid, and then incorporated into the cells in a target animal. DNA instructs the cells to make antigenic molecules which are displayed on its surfaces. This would evoke an antibody response to the free floating antigen secreted by the cells
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Question 20 of 55
20. Question
Which was the first synthetic vaccine launched in 1997 which was marketed by trade names
Recombivax and Engerix-B?Correct
The recombinant vaccine for hepatitis B (HbsAg) was the first synthetic vaccine launched in 1997 which was marketed by trade names Recombivax and Engerix-B. India is the fourth country in the world after USA, France and Belgium to develop an indigenous hepatitis B vaccine.
Incorrect
The recombinant vaccine for hepatitis B (HbsAg) was the first synthetic vaccine launched in 1997 which was marketed by trade names Recombivax and Engerix-B. India is the fourth country in the world after USA, France and Belgium to develop an indigenous hepatitis B vaccine.
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Question 21 of 55
21. Question
Which therapy which involves insertion of DNA into the genome to replace the missing gene product
and Gene inhibition therapy?Correct
At present most genetic diseases have no effective treatment and so gene therapy could offer hope for many people. There are two strategies involved in gene therapy namely; Gene augmentation therapy which involves insertion of DNA into the genome to replace the missing gene product and Gene inhibition therapy which involves insertion of the anti sense gene which inhibits the expression of the dominant gene .The two approaches to achieve gene therapy are somatic cell and germ line gene therapy.
Incorrect
At present most genetic diseases have no effective treatment and so gene therapy could offer hope for many people. There are two strategies involved in gene therapy namely; Gene augmentation therapy which involves insertion of DNA into the genome to replace the missing gene product and Gene inhibition therapy which involves insertion of the anti sense gene which inhibits the expression of the dominant gene .The two approaches to achieve gene therapy are somatic cell and germ line gene therapy.
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Question 22 of 55
22. Question
Which therapy involves the insertion of a fully functional and expressible gene into a target somatic
cell to correct a genetic disease permanently?Correct
Somatic cell therapy involves the insertion of a fully functional and expressible gene into a target somatic cell to correct a genetic disease permanently whereas Germline gene therapy involves the introduction of DNA into germ cells which is passed on to the successive generations.
Incorrect
Somatic cell therapy involves the insertion of a fully functional and expressible gene into a target somatic cell to correct a genetic disease permanently whereas Germline gene therapy involves the introduction of DNA into germ cells which is passed on to the successive generations.
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Question 23 of 55
23. Question
Which therapy involves isolation of a specific gene and making its copies and inserting them into
target cells to make the desired proteins?Correct
Gene therapy involves isolation of a specific gene and making its copies and inserting them into target cells to make the desired proteins. It is absolutely essential for gene therapists to ensure that the gene is harmless to the patient and it is appropriately expressed and that the body’s immune system does not react to the foreign proteins produced by the new genes.
Incorrect
Gene therapy involves isolation of a specific gene and making its copies and inserting them into target cells to make the desired proteins. It is absolutely essential for gene therapists to ensure that the gene is harmless to the patient and it is appropriately expressed and that the body’s immune system does not react to the foreign proteins produced by the new genes.
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Question 24 of 55
24. Question
_____ are undifferentiated cells found in most of the multi cellular animals.
Correct
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells found in most of the multi cellular animals. These cells maintain their undifferentiated state even after undergoing numerous mitotic divisions. Stem cell research has the potential to revolutionize the future of medicine with the ability to regenerate damaged and diseased organs
Incorrect
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells found in most of the multi cellular animals. These cells maintain their undifferentiated state even after undergoing numerous mitotic divisions. Stem cell research has the potential to revolutionize the future of medicine with the ability to regenerate damaged and diseased organs
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Question 25 of 55
25. Question
The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 by French Anderson to a four year old girl with
_____ deficiency.Correct
The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 by French Anderson to a four year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. ADA deficiency or SCID (Severe combined immunodeficiency) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. It is caused by the deletion or dysfunction of the gene coding for ADA enzyme. In these patients the nonfunctioning T-Lymphocytes cannot elicit immune responses against invading pathogens. The right approach for SCID treatment would be to give the patient a functioning ADA which breaks down toxic biological products.
Incorrect
The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 by French Anderson to a four year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. ADA deficiency or SCID (Severe combined immunodeficiency) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. It is caused by the deletion or dysfunction of the gene coding for ADA enzyme. In these patients the nonfunctioning T-Lymphocytes cannot elicit immune responses against invading pathogens. The right approach for SCID treatment would be to give the patient a functioning ADA which breaks down toxic biological products.
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Question 26 of 55
26. Question
In some children ADA deficiency could be cured by
Correct
In some children ADA deficiency could be cured by bone marrow transplantation, where defective immune cells could be replaced with healthy immune cells from a donor. In some patients it can be treated by enzyme replacement therapy, in which functional ADA is injected into the patient.
Incorrect
In some children ADA deficiency could be cured by bone marrow transplantation, where defective immune cells could be replaced with healthy immune cells from a donor. In some patients it can be treated by enzyme replacement therapy, in which functional ADA is injected into the patient.
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Question 27 of 55
27. Question
During gene therapy which of the following from the blood of the patient are removed and grown in a
nutrient culture medium?Correct
During gene therapy the lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are removed and grown in a nutrient culture medium. A healthy and functional human gene, ADA cDNA encoding this enzyme is introduced into the lymphocytes using a retrovirus. The genetically engineered lymphocytes are subsequently returned to the patient. Since these cells are not immortal, the patient requires periodic infusion of such genetically engineered lymphocytes. The disease could be cured permanently if the gene for ADA isolated from bone marrow cells are introduced into the cells of the early embryonic stages.
Incorrect
During gene therapy the lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are removed and grown in a nutrient culture medium. A healthy and functional human gene, ADA cDNA encoding this enzyme is introduced into the lymphocytes using a retrovirus. The genetically engineered lymphocytes are subsequently returned to the patient. Since these cells are not immortal, the patient requires periodic infusion of such genetically engineered lymphocytes. The disease could be cured permanently if the gene for ADA isolated from bone marrow cells are introduced into the cells of the early embryonic stages.
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Question 28 of 55
28. Question
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and can produce
Correct
In mammals there are two main types of stem cells – embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and adult stem cells. ES cells are pluripotent and can produce the three primary germ layers ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Embryonic stem cells are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a number of types of cells .
Incorrect
In mammals there are two main types of stem cells – embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and adult stem cells. ES cells are pluripotent and can produce the three primary germ layers ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Embryonic stem cells are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a number of types of cells .
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Question 29 of 55
29. Question
Which stem cell can divide and create another cell similar to it?
Correct
Adult stem cells are found in various tissues of children as well as adults. An adult stem cell or somatic stem cell can divide and create another cell similar to it. Most of the adult stem cells are multipotent and can act as a repair system of the body, replenishing adult tissues. The red bone marrow is a rich source of adult stem cells.
Incorrect
Adult stem cells are found in various tissues of children as well as adults. An adult stem cell or somatic stem cell can divide and create another cell similar to it. Most of the adult stem cells are multipotent and can act as a repair system of the body, replenishing adult tissues. The red bone marrow is a rich source of adult stem cells.
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Question 30 of 55
30. Question
______ is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an
organismCorrect
Totipotency (Toti-total) is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism
Incorrect
Totipotency (Toti-total) is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism
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Question 31 of 55
31. Question
.____ refers to a stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers-
ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.Correct
Explanation
Pluripotency (Pluri-several) refers to a stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers-ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.Incorrect
Explanation
Pluripotency (Pluri-several) refers to a stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers-ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. -
Question 32 of 55
32. Question
Which refers to the stem cells that can differentiate into various types of cells that are related?
Correct
Multipotency (multi-Many) refers to the stem cells that can differentiate into various types of cells that are related. For example blood stem cells can differentiate into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils etc.,
Incorrect
Multipotency (multi-Many) refers to the stem cells that can differentiate into various types of cells that are related. For example blood stem cells can differentiate into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils etc.,
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Question 33 of 55
33. Question
Lymphoid or myeloid stem cells can differentiate into B and T cells but not RBC are the examples of
Correct
Oligopotency (Oligo-Few) refers to stem cells that can differentiate into few cell types. For example lymphoid or myeloid stem cells can differentiate into B and T cells but not RBC. Unipotency (Uni- Single) refers to the ability of the stem cells to differentiate into only one cell type.
Incorrect
Oligopotency (Oligo-Few) refers to stem cells that can differentiate into few cell types. For example lymphoid or myeloid stem cells can differentiate into B and T cells but not RBC. Unipotency (Uni- Single) refers to the ability of the stem cells to differentiate into only one cell type.
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Question 34 of 55
34. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Stem cell banking is the extraction, processing and storage of stem cells, so that they may be used for treatment in the future, when required
2) Amniotic cell bank is a facility that stores stem cells derived from amniotic fluid for future use.
3) Stem cells are stored in banks specifically for use by the individual from whom such cells have been collected and the banking costs are paidCorrect
Stem cell banking is the extraction, processing and storage of stem cells, so that they may be used for treatment in the future, when required. Amniotic cell bank is a facility that stores stem cells derived from amniotic fluid for future use. Stem cells are stored in banks specifically for use by the individual from whom such cells have been collected and the banking costs are paid. Cord Blood Banking is the extraction of stem cells from the umbilical cord during childbirth. While the umbilical cord and cord blood are the most popular sources of stem cells, the placenta, amniotic sac and amniotic fluid are also rich sources in terms of both quantity and quality.
Incorrect
Stem cell banking is the extraction, processing and storage of stem cells, so that they may be used for treatment in the future, when required. Amniotic cell bank is a facility that stores stem cells derived from amniotic fluid for future use. Stem cells are stored in banks specifically for use by the individual from whom such cells have been collected and the banking costs are paid. Cord Blood Banking is the extraction of stem cells from the umbilical cord during childbirth. While the umbilical cord and cord blood are the most popular sources of stem cells, the placenta, amniotic sac and amniotic fluid are also rich sources in terms of both quantity and quality.
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Question 35 of 55
35. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Early diagnosis of infectious diseases or inherent genetic defects is essential for appropriate treatment
2) Early detection of the disease is possible using conventional diagnostic methods like microscopic examinations, serum analysis and urine analysisCorrect
Early diagnosis of infectious diseases or inherent genetic defects is essential for appropriate treatment. Early detection of the disease is not possible using conventional diagnostic methods like microscopic examinations, serum analysis and urine analysis. These laboratory techniques are indirect and not always specific.
Incorrect
Early diagnosis of infectious diseases or inherent genetic defects is essential for appropriate treatment. Early detection of the disease is not possible using conventional diagnostic methods like microscopic examinations, serum analysis and urine analysis. These laboratory techniques are indirect and not always specific.
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Question 36 of 55
36. Question
Which of the following techniques can be used for early diagnosis of diseases?
1) R-DNA technology
2) ELISA
3) PCRCorrect
Scientists are continuously searching for specific, sensitive and simple diagnostic techniques for diagnosis of diseases. Recombinant DNA technology, Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) are some of the techniques that are reliable and help in early diagnosis.
Incorrect
Scientists are continuously searching for specific, sensitive and simple diagnostic techniques for diagnosis of diseases. Recombinant DNA technology, Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) are some of the techniques that are reliable and help in early diagnosis.
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Question 37 of 55
37. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Presence of pathogens like virus, bacteria, etc., is detected only when the pathogen produces symptoms in the patient
2) By the time the symptoms appear concentration of pathogen becomes very high in the body
3) However very low concentration of a bacteria or a virus, even when the symptoms of the disease does not appear, can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acid.Correct
Presence of pathogens like virus, bacteria, etc., is detected only when the pathogen produces symptoms in the patient. By the time the symptoms appear concentration of pathogen becomes very high in the body. However very low concentration of a bacteria or a virus, even when the symptoms of the disease does not appear, can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acid.
Incorrect
Presence of pathogens like virus, bacteria, etc., is detected only when the pathogen produces symptoms in the patient. By the time the symptoms appear concentration of pathogen becomes very high in the body. However very low concentration of a bacteria or a virus, even when the symptoms of the disease does not appear, can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acid.
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Question 38 of 55
38. Question
Which of the following presence can be detected in ELISA?
1) Antigen
2) Blood platelets
3) AntibodyCorrect
ELISA is a biochemical procedure discovered by Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmanin (1971) to detect the presence of specific antibodies or antigens in a sample of serum, urine, etc.,
Incorrect
ELISA is a biochemical procedure discovered by Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmanin (1971) to detect the presence of specific antibodies or antigens in a sample of serum, urine, etc.,
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Question 39 of 55
39. Question
Which of the following statement is correct about ELISA is correct?
1) It is confirmatory test for HIV
2) It is a very important diagnostic tool to determine if a person is HIV positive or negative
3) ELISA is a tool for determining serum antibody concentrationsCorrect
ELISA is a very important diagnostic tool to determine if a person is HIV positive or negative. ELISA is a tool for determining serum antibody concentrations (such as the antibodies produced in a person infected by pathogens such as HIV) and also for detecting the presence of specific antigens and hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropins. Western Blot is the confirmatory test for HIV
Incorrect
ELISA is a very important diagnostic tool to determine if a person is HIV positive or negative. ELISA is a tool for determining serum antibody concentrations (such as the antibodies produced in a person infected by pathogens such as HIV) and also for detecting the presence of specific antigens and hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropins. Western Blot is the confirmatory test for HIV
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Question 40 of 55
40. Question
______ is highly sensitive and can detect antigens in the range of a nanogram
Correct
The intensity of the color is directly proportional to the amount of the antigen. ELISA is highly sensitive and can detect antigens in the range of a nanogram.
Incorrect
The intensity of the color is directly proportional to the amount of the antigen. ELISA is highly sensitive and can detect antigens in the range of a nanogram.
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Question 41 of 55
41. Question
How many types of ELISA are there?
Correct
There are four kinds of ELISA namely, Direct ELISA, Indirect ELISA, sandwich ELISA and competitive ELISA. It is a highly sensitive and specific method used for diagnosis. ELISA possesses the added advantages of not requiring radioisotopes or a radiation counting apparatus.
Incorrect
There are four kinds of ELISA namely, Direct ELISA, Indirect ELISA, sandwich ELISA and competitive ELISA. It is a highly sensitive and specific method used for diagnosis. ELISA possesses the added advantages of not requiring radioisotopes or a radiation counting apparatus.
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Question 42 of 55
42. Question
PCR technique was developed by_____
Correct
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an invitro amplification technique used for synthesising multiple identical copies (billions) of DNA of interest. The technique was developed by Kary Mullis (Nobel laureate, 1993) in the year 1983.
Incorrect
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an invitro amplification technique used for synthesising multiple identical copies (billions) of DNA of interest. The technique was developed by Kary Mullis (Nobel laureate, 1993) in the year 1983.
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Question 43 of 55
43. Question
How many steps are involved in PCR?
Correct
Denaturation, renaturation or primer annealing and synthesis or primer extension, are the three steps involved in PCR. The double stranded DNA of interest is denatured to separate into two individual strands by high temperature. This is called denaturation.
Incorrect
Denaturation, renaturation or primer annealing and synthesis or primer extension, are the three steps involved in PCR. The double stranded DNA of interest is denatured to separate into two individual strands by high temperature. This is called denaturation.
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Question 44 of 55
44. Question
During denaturation the reaction mixture is heated to___ for a short time to denature the target DNA
into single strands
- 900 C
- 950 C
- 800 C
- 850 C
Correct
During denaturation the reaction mixture is heated to 950 C for a short time to denature the target DNA into single strands that will act as a template for DNA synthesis. Annealing is done by rapid cooling of the mixture, allowing the primers to bind to the sequences on each of the two strands flanking the target DNA.
Incorrect
During denaturation the reaction mixture is heated to 950 C for a short time to denature the target DNA into single strands that will act as a template for DNA synthesis. Annealing is done by rapid cooling of the mixture, allowing the primers to bind to the sequences on each of the two strands flanking the target DNA.
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Question 45 of 55
45. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- The PCR technique can also be used for amplifications of RNA in which case it is referred to as reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)
- In this process the RNA molecules (mRNA) must be converted to complementary DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase
Correct
The PCR technique can also be used for amplifications of RNA in which case it is referred to as reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). In this process the RNA molecules (mRNA) must be converted to complementary DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The cDNA then serves as the template for PCR.
Incorrect
The PCR technique can also be used for amplifications of RNA in which case it is referred to as reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). In this process the RNA molecules (mRNA) must be converted to complementary DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The cDNA then serves as the template for PCR.
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Question 46 of 55
46. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- PCR technique can also be used in the field of forensic medicine
- A single molecule of DNA from blood stains, hair, semen of an individual is adequate for amplification by PCR.
- PCR is also used in amplification of specific DNA segment to be used in gene therapy
Correct
PCR technique can also be used in the field of forensic medicine. A single molecule of DNA from blood stains, hair, semen of an individual is adequate for amplification by PCR. The amplified DNA is used to develop DNA fingerprint which is used as an important tool in forensic science. Thus, PCR is very useful for identification of criminals. PCR is also used in amplification of specific DNA segment to be used in gene therapy.
Incorrect
PCR technique can also be used in the field of forensic medicine. A single molecule of DNA from blood stains, hair, semen of an individual is adequate for amplification by PCR. The amplified DNA is used to develop DNA fingerprint which is used as an important tool in forensic science. Thus, PCR is very useful for identification of criminals. PCR is also used in amplification of specific DNA segment to be used in gene therapy.
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Question 47 of 55
47. Question
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
- Transgenesis is the process of introduction of extra (foreign/exogenous) DNA into the genome of the animals to create and maintain stable heritable characters
- The foreign DNA that is introduced is called the transgene and the animals that are produced by DNA manipulations are called transgenic animals
Correct
Transgenesis is the process of introduction of extra (foreign/exogenous) DNA into the genome of the animals to create and maintain stable heritable characters. The foreign DNA that is introduced is called the transgene and the animals that are produced by DNA manipulations are called transgenic animals or the genetically engineered or genetically modified organisms.
Incorrect
Transgenesis is the process of introduction of extra (foreign/exogenous) DNA into the genome of the animals to create and maintain stable heritable characters. The foreign DNA that is introduced is called the transgene and the animals that are produced by DNA manipulations are called transgenic animals or the genetically engineered or genetically modified organisms.
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Question 48 of 55
48. Question
Which of the following are transgenic animals?
Correct
Demonstration of integration and expression of foreign gene in transgenic tissue or animals. Transgenic animals such as mice, rat, rabbit, pig, cow, goat, sheep and fish have been produced.
Incorrect
Demonstration of integration and expression of foreign gene in transgenic tissue or animals. Transgenic animals such as mice, rat, rabbit, pig, cow, goat, sheep and fish have been produced.
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Question 49 of 55
49. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Transgenesis is a powerful tool to study gene expression and developmental processes in higher organisms.
- Transgenesis helps in the improvement of genetic characters in animals
- Transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and sickle cell anemia.
Correct
Transgenesis is a powerful tool to study gene expression and developmental processes in higher organisms. Transgenesis helps in the improvement of genetic characters in animals. Transgenic animals serve as good models for understanding human diseases which help in the investigation of new treatments for diseases. Transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and sickle cell anemia. Transgenic animals are used to produce proteins which are important for medical and pharmaceutical applications.
Incorrect
Transgenesis is a powerful tool to study gene expression and developmental processes in higher organisms. Transgenesis helps in the improvement of genetic characters in animals. Transgenic animals serve as good models for understanding human diseases which help in the investigation of new treatments for diseases. Transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and sickle cell anemia. Transgenic animals are used to produce proteins which are important for medical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Question 50 of 55
50. Question
Transgenesis is important for improving the quality and quantity of_____
Correct
Transgenesis is important for improving the quality and quantity of milk, meat, eggs and wool production in addition to testing drug resistance.
Incorrect
Transgenesis is important for improving the quality and quantity of milk, meat, eggs and wool production in addition to testing drug resistance.
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Question 51 of 55
51. Question
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
- A biological product is a substance derived from a living organism and used for the prevention or treatment of disease.
- These products include antitoxins, bacterial and viral vaccines, blood products and hormone extracts
Correct
A biological product is a substance derived from a living organism and used for the prevention or treatment of disease. These products include antitoxins, bacterial and viral vaccines, blood products and hormone extracts. These products may be produced through biotechnology in a living system, such as a microorganism, plant cell or animal cell, and are often more difficult to characterize than small molecule drugs.
Incorrect
A biological product is a substance derived from a living organism and used for the prevention or treatment of disease. These products include antitoxins, bacterial and viral vaccines, blood products and hormone extracts. These products may be produced through biotechnology in a living system, such as a microorganism, plant cell or animal cell, and are often more difficult to characterize than small molecule drugs.
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Question 52 of 55
52. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Animals are used as bioreactors to produce desirable proteins
- Monoclonal antibodies, which are used to treat cancer, heart disease and transplant rejection are produced by this technology
- Natural protein adhesives are non toxic, biodegradable and rarely trigger an immune response, hence could be used to reattach tendons and tissues, fill cavities in teeth, and repair broken bones
Correct
Animals are used as bioreactors to produce desirable proteins. Antibodies are substances that react against the disease-causing antigens and these can be produced using transgenic animals as bioreactors. Monoclonal antibodies, which are used to treat cancer, heart disease and transplant rejection are produced by this technology. Natural protein adhesives are non-toxic, biodegradable and rarely trigger an immune response, hence could be used to reattach tendons and tissues, fill cavities in teeth, and repair broken bones.
Incorrect
Animals are used as bioreactors to produce desirable proteins. Antibodies are substances that react against the disease-causing antigens and these can be produced using transgenic animals as bioreactors. Monoclonal antibodies, which are used to treat cancer, heart disease and transplant rejection are produced by this technology. Natural protein adhesives are non-toxic, biodegradable and rarely trigger an immune response, hence could be used to reattach tendons and tissues, fill cavities in teeth, and repair broken bones.
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Question 53 of 55
53. Question
____ was the first mammal (Sheep) clone developed by Ian Wilmut and Campbell
Correct
Dolly was the first mammal (Sheep) clone developed by Ian Wilmut and Campbell in 1997. Dolly, the transgenic clone was developed by the nuclear transfer technique and the phenomenon of totipotency.
Incorrect
Dolly was the first mammal (Sheep) clone developed by Ian Wilmut and Campbell in 1997. Dolly, the transgenic clone was developed by the nuclear transfer technique and the phenomenon of totipotency.
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Question 54 of 55
54. Question
Ian Wilmut and Campbell removed___ cells from the udder of an adult sheep
Correct
Ian Wilmut and Campbell removed 277 cells from the udder of an adult sheep and fused those cells with 277 unfertilised egg cells from which the nuclear material was removed. After culturing the resulting embryos for 6 days , they implanted 29 embryos into the surrogate mother’s womb and only one Dolly was produced.
Incorrect
Ian Wilmut and Campbell removed 277 cells from the udder of an adult sheep and fused those cells with 277 unfertilised egg cells from which the nuclear material was removed. After culturing the resulting embryos for 6 days , they implanted 29 embryos into the surrogate mother’s womb and only one Dolly was produced.
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Question 55 of 55
55. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Biotechnology has given to the society cheap drugs, better friuts and vegetables, pest resistant crops, indigenious cure to diseases and lot of controversy.
- People fear that these genetic manipulations may lead to unknown consequences.
- The major apprehension of recombinant DNA technology is that unique microorganisms either inadvertently or deliberately for the purpose of war may be developed that could cause epidemics or environmental catastrophies
Correct
Biotechnology has given to the society cheap drugs, better friuts and vegetables, pest resistant crops, indigenious cure to diseases and lot of controversy. This is mainly because the major part of the modern biotechnology deals with genetic manipulations. People fear that these genetic manipulations may lead to unknown consequences. The major apprehension of recombinant DNA technology is that unique microorganisms either inadvertently or deliberately for the purpose of war may be developed that could cause epidemics or environmental catastrophies. Although many are concerned about the possible risk of genetic engineering, the risks are in fact slight and the potential benefits are substantial.
Incorrect
Biotechnology has given to the society cheap drugs, better friuts and vegetables, pest resistant crops, indigenious cure to diseases and lot of controversy. This is mainly because the major part of the modern biotechnology deals with genetic manipulations. People fear that these genetic manipulations may lead to unknown consequences. The major apprehension of recombinant DNA technology is that unique microorganisms either inadvertently or deliberately for the purpose of war may be developed that could cause epidemics or environmental catastrophies. Although many are concerned about the possible risk of genetic engineering, the risks are in fact slight and the potential benefits are substantial.
Leaderboard: Applications of Biotechnology Online Test 12th Science
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