Democracy 11th Political Science Lesson 5 Questions in English

11th Political Science Lesson 5 Questions in English

5] Democracy

1. Which is defined as “government by the people; that form of government in which the sovereign power resides in the people as a whole, and is exercised either directly by them or by officers elected by them.”?

1. Monarchy
2. Oligarchy
3. Federation
4. Democracy

Explanation

Democracy is generally defined as “government by the people; that form of government in which the sovereign power resides in the people as a whole, and is exercised either directly by them or by officers elected by them.” Democracy ensures that all citizens have an equal opportunity to express their opinion.

2. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Democracy encompasses the powerful concepts of Rights, Freedom defined in Liberty, Equality and Fraternity all religions.
2. The concept and practice of Democracy in the Modern period evolved in America, although it’s ancient concept and practice was in Ancient Rome.
3. Democracy is important for creating Liberty and Equality that are adopted to bring equality in the unequal society based on political and institutional mechanisms.
4. Only 3
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 1 and 3
7. Both 2 and 3

Explanation

The concept and practice of Democracy in the Modern period evolved in Britain, although it’s ancient concept and practice was in Ancient Greece.

3. Who among the following said “Freedom in a democracy is the glory of the state, and therefore in a democracy only will the freedom of nature design to dwell.”?

1. Plato
2. Socrates
3. Aristotle
4. Homer

Explanation

According to Plato “Freedom in a democracy is the glory of the state, and therefore in a democracy only will the freedom of nature design to dwell.”

4. Which among the following is not the Characteristics of Democracy

1. Democracy is a set of principles and practices that protect human freedom
2. Democracy conduct regular free and fair elections open to all citizens
3. Democracy rests upon the principles of minority rule, along with individual and majority rights
4. Democracies are diverse political systems, reflecting each nation’s unique political, social, and cultural life.

Explanation

Democracy rests upon the principles of majority rule, along with individual and minority rights.

5. Which among the following is not basic Human rights

1. Freedom of Religion
2. Right to Information
3. Equality before Law
4. Freedom of Speech

Explanation

One of the primary functions of Democracies is to protect such basic Human Rights i) Equality before Law, ii) Equal Protection before Law iii) Freedom of Speech, iv) Freedom of Religion; vii) Right to organize and participate fully in the political, economic, and cultural life of society.

6. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Democracies as a system guard against all-powerful regional and local governments and it decentralizes government in central levels.
2. The right of the people to demand the Government they elected and the duty of the Government to be accessible and responsive to their needs and demands is the main function
3. Democracy subject governments to the Rule of Law and it ensures that all citizens receive equal protection under the law and that their rights are protected by the Legal-constitutional system.
4. Only2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 2 and 3
7. Both 1 and 3

Explanation

Democracies as a system guard against all-powerful central governments and it decentralizes government to regional and local levels.

7. Who among the following said “intolerance is itself a form of violence and an obstacle to the growth of a true democratic spirit.”?

1. Mahatma Gandhi
2. Jawaharlal Nehru
3. Nelson Mandela
4. Motilal Nehru

Explanation

Democratic societies are committed to the values of tolerance, cooperation, and consensus. In the words of Mahatma Gandhi, “intolerance is itself a form of violence and an obstacle to the growth of a true democratic spirit.”

8. Which among the following statement is incorrect

1. Democracy ensures the citizens to participate in the political system and it protects their rights and freedoms.
2. Democracy is a system of government in which power and civic responsibility are exercised by all citizens, directly or through their freely elected representatives.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 ad 2
6. None

9. Democracy underlines the Principle of Rule by whom?

1. President
2. Military
3. People
4. Civil Servants

Explanation

Democracy underlines the Principle of Rule by the people. It ensures a form of government in which all the citizens of a nation determine public policy, the laws, and the actions of their state together either in a Direct Democracy or by Representative Democracy.

10. How many types of Democracy are there?

1. Two
2. Four
3. Six
4. Seven

Explanation

There are seven types of Democracy. Democracy by its function has different scope and importance. I) Political Democracy ii) Social Democracy iii) Industrial Democracy iv) Economic Democracy v) Totalitarian Democracy vi) Radical Democracy vii) Plebiscitary Democracy

11. The term ‘Democracy’ is derived from the Greek word as demo means what?

1. Freedom
2. Choice
3. Truth
4. People

Explanation

The term ‘Democracy’ is derived from the Greek word as demo means people and cracy is referred as rule. The concept of democracy in its Greek term comes from “demos and “kratos” meaning “people” and “rule”.

12. Which democracy believes strongly in Equality of opportunity and equality in freedom as the basis of human rights and life in a Democracy?

1. Economic democracy
2. Political democracy
3. Social democracy
4. Industrial democracy

Explanation

Social Democracy believes strongly in Equality of opportunity and equality in freedom as the basis of human rights and life in a Democracy. Social Democracy enabled the individual through hard work and effort to succeed and excel.

13. Which democracy encourages the participation of labour in decision making along with the management?

1. Industrial democracy
2. Political democracy
3. Economic democracy
4. Totalitarian democracy

Explanation

Industrial democracy encourages the participation of labour in decision making along with the management. Industrial democracy promotes dignity and decency of labour and paves way for better efficiency, harmony and unity of purposes of the management and labour.

14. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Social democracy feature’s the popular participation of citizens in government by which citizens elect their representatives to the Legislature of the state.
2. Political democracy is a combination of social, economic and political ideas that supports economic and social policies.
3. Industrial democracy is defined as the means to promote democratic principles in industry and labour by the provision and protection of Labour Rights and Responsibilities in the workplace.
4. Only 3
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 1 and 3
7. Both 2 and 3

Explanation

Political democracy feature’s the popular participation of citizens in government by which citizens elect their representatives to the Legislature of the state. The elected representatives are accountable to the citizens who elected them.

Social Democracy is a combination of social, economic and political ideas that supports economic and social policies. It promotes social equality and social justice giving strength to economy and representative and participatory democracy.

15. Which eminent French thinker praised the American political system as one of the true democracies as it did not believe and encourage feudalism?

1. John Mill
2. Gustave De Beaumont
3. Alexis De Tocqueville
4. Maximilien Robespierre

Explanation

Alexis De` Tocqueville the eminent French thinker praised the American political system as one of the true democracies as it did not believe and encourage feudalism.

16. The process in which Democracy works either as a function by the direct involvement of the citizens in making laws or the elected legislators would introduce it in the Legislature is known as process of ____

1. Government Initiative
2. Popular Initiative
3. Peoples Initiative
4. State Initiative

Explanation

As a political system of government, Democracy works either as a function by the direct involvement of the citizens in making laws and the elected legislators would introduce it in the Legislature. This is known as the process of Popular Initiative.

17. Which among the following statement is Incorrect

1. Political Democracy believed in the progress of equality as progress of liberty and the progress of liberty as the greatest progress of Democracy in a state.
2. Industrial democracy empowers workers as partners in the industry calling for their joint efforts to build community interests and welfare. It paves for the development and growth of the country through better productivity and greater harmony
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

Social Democracy believed in the progress of equality as progress of liberty and the progress of liberty as the greatest progress of Democracy in a state.

18. The process of the legislators elected by the people frame legislation, it is approved by a popular vote that is based on popular acceptance of the laws is known as _____

1. Political Referendum
2. Social Referendum
3. Economic Referendum
4. Popular Referendum

Explanation

When the legislators elected by the people frame legislation, it is approved by a popular vote that is based on popular acceptance of the laws. This is known as Popular Referendum.

19. Which democracy believes in “workplace democracy” and “employee ownership” that is intended to promote equality and democratic redistribution of wealth?

1. Economic democracy
2. Totalitarian democracy
3. Radical democracy
4. Plebiscitary democracy

Explanation

Economic democracy believes in “workplace democracy” and “employee ownership” that is intended to promote equality and democratic redistribution of wealth.

20. Which democracy is known as populist democracy or mass democracy in which Citizens after electing the representatives have no voice in decision making?

1. Radical democracy
2. Plebiscitary democracy
3. Totalitarian democracy
4. Economic democracy

Explanation

Totalitarian Democracy is known as populist democracy or mass democracy in which Citizens after electing the representatives have no voice in decision making, but the elected representatives decide for the entire country.

21. Which leading Indian political thinker proposed Radial democracy?

1. Ajoy Ghosh
2. Ganesh Ghosh
3. M N Roy
4. Somnath Lahiri

Explanation

Radical Democracy was proposed by M.N.Roy a leading Indian political thinker who believed in “real rule” of the people for the term of office to which the legislators are elected.

22. Which democracy supports the idea of direct accountability of the legislators and executive to the people during the term of office?

1. Radical democracy
2. Plebiscitary democracy
3. Totalitarian democracy
4. Economic democracy

Explanation

Radical democracy supports the idea of direct accountability of the legislators and executive to the people during the term of office. Radical Democracy believed in the humanism of the people who are the real masters of political authority and power and not the elected legislators.

23. Who among the following states “The foundation of democratic constitution is liberty. People constantly make this statement implying that only in this constitution is there any share in liberty at all”?

1. Socrates
2. Plato
3. Herodotus
4. Aristotle

Explanation

Aristotle said that “The foundation of democratic constitution is liberty. People constantly make this statement implying that only in this constitution is there any share in liberty at all”.

24. Which democracy in the name of people’s rights would use internal terror against certain sections of people and also speech restrictions to keep the population under its complete control?

1. Economic democracy
2. Totalitarian democracy
3. Radical democracy
4. Plebiscitary democracy

Explanation

Totalitarian democracy in the name of people’s rights would use internal terror against certain sections of people and also speech restrictions to keep the population under its complete control.

25. Which among the following statement is incorrect

1. Economic democracy is defined as the process of creating democratic conditions of economic productivity, minimising the rich-poor gap and socio-economic differences, promoting affordable economic development
2. Economic democracy would have complete control of the economy of the state and would use it to control the population.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

Totalitarian democracy would have complete control of the economy of the state and would use it to control the population.

26. Radical Democracy believed in the “power of the people” in local communities known as _____

1. Local Governance
2. Local Popularity
3. Local panchayat
4. Local Republic

Explanation

Radical Democracy believed in the “power of the people” in local communities known as local republics who would join in the creation of the state and government. The local republics would finally exercise authority in the national and state levels.

27. Which democracy is defined as the process of a direct voting by the people of a candidate, or party or a public issue or the adoption of a new constitution with the state known as national self-determination?

1. Economic democracy
2. Plebiscitary democracy
3. Radial democracy
4. Social democracy

Explanation

Plebiscitary Democracy is defined as the process of a direct voting by the people of a candidate, or party or a public issue or the adoption of a new constitution of a state or to determine the association of the province with the state known as national self-determination. The voters have the choice to accept or reject the choice.

28. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Economic democracy believes in the ability of the social system to integrate and society and economy for the betterment of human economic freedom and dignity. Economic democracy believes in social welfare and development as priority.
2. Radical democracy brings into Democracy the real sense of people’s participation, accountability of the elected and the power of the people to change the government.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

29. Who among the following said “Democracy would, it seems, a delightful form of government, anarchic and mostly, assigning a kind of equality indiscriminately to equals and unequal’s alike.”?

1. Aristotle
2. Plato
3. Socrates
4. Homer

Explanation

“Democracy would, it seems, a delightful form of government, anarchic and mostly, assigning a kind of equality indiscriminately to equals and unequals alike.”

30. Which democracy can by a collection of signatures could result in the recall of the elected representative because of failure to represent the real interests of the people?

1. Economic democracy
2. Social democracy
3. Plebiscitary democracy
4. Radial democracy

Explanation

Plebiscitary democracy can by a collection of signatures could result in the recall of the elected representative because of failure to represent the real interests of the people.

31. Which democracy captures power through democratic means but runs as dictatorship?

1. Economic democracy
2. Political democracy
3. Plebiscitary democracy
4. Totalitarian democracy

Explanation

Totalitarian Democracy elevates the ruler, party and the elected legislators over the voting citizens and captures power through democratic means but runs as dictatorship. The political ideology of the ruler, party and the legislators become dominant over people interests.

32. Which is defined as an explanation of a concept in its historical account and different stages of its development?

1. Theory
2. Charter
3. Constitution
4. Gazette

Explanation

A theory is defined as an explanation of a concept in its historical account and different stages of its development. A theory could be tested in different countries and different cultures to examine its importance and application.

33. The Ancient theory of Democracy emerged in which country?

1. Ancient Rome
2. Ancient Egypt
3. Ancient Greece
4. Ancient Inca

Explanation

The Ancient theory of Democracy emerged in Ancient Greece that saw the rise of several city-states (polis) which believed and applied the procedure of Direct election, Debating of public policies and Decision by the people.

34. In which among the following revolution the mass popular demand for Democracy was made?

1. October Revolution
2. French Revolution
3. Chinese Cultural revolution
4. Mongolian R evolution

Explanation

Representative democracy later emerged as the dominant form and system of government in the European Middle Ages, the Age of Enlightenment. The mass popular demand for Democracy was made in the American (1775-1783) and French Revolutions (1789-1799).

35. Which was the first city to introduce a classical democracy?

1. Rome
2. Santorini
3. Crete
4. Athens

Explanation

Classical Democracy Emerged as a direct form of democracy in Ancient Greece. Athens was the first city to introduce such a democracy. Direct democracy in Athens emerged in between 800-500 BCE (Before Common Era).

36. All citizens were free to express their different opinions, debate, and vote in a system directly and this was called as ____

1. Protective democracy
2. Classical democracy
3. Marxist democracy
4. Elitist democracy

Explanation

All citizens were free to express their different opinions, debate, and vote in a system directly and this was called as Classical Democracy. In Athenian direct democracy, the citizens of the city-state are all as members of the assembly, who participated directly in the decision making and the process of legislation.

37. Which among the following was the reason for which the idea of representation in government was proposed?

1. Increase in wealth
2. Increase in territory
3. Population increase
4. All the above

Explanation

As population increased, the idea of representation in government was proposed. It resulted in the elected representatives participating in the governing process. Gradually it created institutions like the Assembly of the Demos, the Council, and the People’s Court as the three important pillars of democracy.

38. Which among the following precondition of Classical democracy for its success is wrong?

1. The community must be large enough for citizens to be proficient in attending debates and voting on issues
2. The economy of the state should be sufficient for enabling the citizens to engage in politics.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

The community must be small enough for citizens to be proficient in attending debates and voting on issues.

39. Which as a Rights-based democracy emerged in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries placing it as an instrument of protecting human rights and liberties?

1. Protective democracy
2. Classical democracy
3. Marxist democracy
4. Elitist democracy

Explanation

Protective democracy as a Rights-based democracy emerged in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries placing it as an instrument of protecting human rights and liberties. As Classical Democracy grew it began to take shape into protective democracy in Athens which was by the emphasis on different aspects of classical democracy.

40. Which English thinker argued that the citizen’s freedom and right to vote was based on the existence of natural rights characterized by Life, Liberty and Property?

1. John Locke
2. Thomas Hobbes
3. David Hume
4. Rene Descartes

Explanation

The English thinker John Locke (1631-1704) was regarded as the great advocate of protective democracy. Locke argued that the citizen’s freedom and right to vote was based on the existence of natural rights characterized by Life, Liberty and Property.

41. Who among the following did not proposed protective democracy?

1. Jeremy Bentham
2. James Mill
3. John Locke
4. John Stuart Mill

Explanation

Protective Democracy was proposed by English thinkers Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) James Mill 1773-1836) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) of the Utilitarian School of Democracy and Rights. Utilitarianism was powerfully advocated in favour of protective democracy.

42. Which among the following statement is incorrect

1. The theme of utilitarianism was to safeguard rights, liberty and opportunity as they were the basic principles of democracy. Safeguarding the rights was the safeguard of democracy.
2. John Locke, James Madison, Jeremy Bentham and James Mills-supported the Left based protective democracy as an aspect of liberal democracy.
3. Jeremy Bentham, James Mill and John Stuart Mill emphasized that democracy alone could safeguard all individual rights and interests through the mandate of the people who could be protected and advanced.
4. Only 3
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 1 and 3
7. Both 2 and 3

Explanation

John Locke, James Madison, Jeremy Bentham and James Mills-supported the Rights based protective democracy as an aspect of liberal democracy.

43. Which among the following is not the basic features of protective democracy?

1. Protective democracy believes in popular sovereignty.
2. Both the popular sovereignty and representative form of government are illegitimate.
3. It is the primary duty of the state to protect the rights and liberties of citizens
4. The authority is accountable to the People and in order to establish it elections are held on regular basis.

Explanation

Both the popular sovereignty and representative form of government are legitimate. Separation of the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary are the most important means of protecting the rights, liberties and the distribution of privileges.

44. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The introduction of rights-based protective democracy brought in the idea of constitutionalism that governed the ruler and the ruled by the principles laid down in constitution.
2. The Constitution is the sole source of power for all and is the guarantor of rights and liberties. Legal provisions in the constitutions were introduced to protect, individual rights, rights of associations and groups against any violation of rights or encroachment on liberty on behalf of citizens.
3. This brought in a collaboration among the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary in all spheres for the strengthening of protective democracy. It resulted in a clear distinction between state and civil society.
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2and 3

Explanation

This brought in a competition among the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary in all spheres for the strengthening of protective democracy. It resulted in a clear distinction between state and civil society.

45. Which theory views the democracy in the social context of class analysis during the era of industrial revolution?

1. Pluralist theory
2. Elitist theory
3. Marxist theory
4. Deliberative theory

Explanation

The Marxist theory views the democracy in the social context of class analysis during the era of industrial revolution.

46. In Marxist theory capitalists or owners of the property are called as ____

1. Bourgeois
2. Proletariat
3. Forgeron
4. Infirmier

Explanation

Society was divided into two classes viz: capitalists or owners of the property are called as ‘bourgeois’ and the working class is called as ‘proletariat’. The Marxist theory of Democracy held the political position to always challenge the dominance of capitalists and against the exploitations of working class.

47. Which among the following statement is incorrect

1. The Marxist theory of democracy support electoral rights and strongly supported economic rights and the creation of ‘socialist democracy’.
2. The Marxist theory of Democracy favoured the collapse of capitalism and calls for the revolutionary transformation of the society.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

The Marxist theory of democracy did not support electoral rights, but strongly supported economic rights and the creation of ‘socialist democracy’.

48. Marxist theory believes that political power is possible only through the ideals of ____

1. Secularism
2. Atheism
3. Vitalism
4. Socialism

Explanation

Marxist theory believes that political power is possible only through the ideals of ‘socialism’; and is based on the equal distribution of economic power against the unequal wealth and ownership of production.

49. Which among the following is not Democratic Marxist view?

1. State as an agency of anti-people crimes and considered the abolition of standing army and instituting a citizen’s militia
2. Implement the election of all officials subjecting them to recall
3. Totally implement the political attribute of police
4. Eliminate the monarchy

Explanation

Totally remove the political attribute of police

50. Who said Democracy is the form of the government for the people, of the people, by the people?

1. Mahatma Gandhi
2. Nelson Mandela
3. John F Kennedy
4. Abraham Lincoln

Explanation

Abraham Lincoln said Democracy is the form of the government for the people, of the people, by the people.

51. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The Marxists democrats and socialists believe in the removal of class differences and privileges are the necessary step to freedom, equal status and democracy.
2. The socialists believed that with universal education people can govern themselves. The Marxist theory emphasises the importance of economic factor as the key factor for the class divisions and ownership and the control of the means of production
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

52. The Marxist theory criticises the falseness of which democracies are thus seen as ‘capitalist’ or ‘bourgeois’ democracies?

1. participatory democracies
2. Liberal democracies
3. Economic democracy
4. Industrial democracy

Explanation

The Marxist theory criticises the falseness of the liberal democracies are thus seen as ‘capitalist’ or ‘bourgeois’ democracies which are manipulated and controlled by the entrenched power of ruling class.

53. Marxists democrats in which region support the strong role of electoral democracy to establish a peaceful, legal and democratic road to socialism?

1. Asia
2. Africa
3. South America
4. Europe

Explanation

Marxists democrats in Europe support the strong role of electoral democracy to establish a peaceful, legal and democratic road to socialism.

54. Who among the following was not the leading thinkers of elitist democracy?

1. James Madison
2. Vilfredo Pareto
3. Gaetano Mosca
4. Robert Michels

Explanation

The role of the elites in a democracy is an unavoidable force. Elites of Leaders rule, control key resources and enforce major decision for centuries. Three important theorists Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923), Gaetano Mosca (1857-1941) and Robert Michels (1876-1936) are the leading thinkers of elitist democracy.

55. Who among the following classified the elites into governing and non-governing elite from the masses?

1. Vilfredo Pareto
2. Gaetano Mosca
3. Robert Michels
4. Stuart Mill

Explanation

Pareto classified the elites into governing and non-governing elite from the masses. The governing elite are the power elites who are the ruling classes. They derive power from the variety of sources such as education, social status, bureaucratic position, political connections, and wealth.

56. Which among the following is the psychological types of Elite quality according to Vilfredo Pareto?

1. God and Demon
2. Lions and Foxes
3. Crocodiles and Bulls
4. Bears and Honey

Explanation

Pareto described the Elite qualities in two psychological types (a) Foxes – who rule the masses by cunningness and manipulate their consent, (b) Lions – who achieve power through domination, coercion and violence. Elitism developed as a critique of egalitarian idea such as democracy and socialism.

57. The small group of dominant figures who can organize and make decision rather than having deliberation with rank and file of the organization and called it as ____

1. Iron law of Democracy
2. Iron law of Monarchy
3. Iron law of Republic
4. Iron law of oligarchy

Explanation

Robert Michels had an alternative view about the democracy that even though the organization tend to be democratic but the small group of dominant figures who can organize and make decision rather than having deliberation with rank and file of the organization and called it as ‘iron law of oligarchy’.

58. Who defined that democracy was a good political method to arrive at political, legislative and administrative decisions by placing in certain individuals in power to decide on all matters of the masses?

1. Vilfredo Pareto
2. Gaetano Mosca
3. Robert Michels
4. Joseph Alois Schumpeter

Explanation

Joseph Alois Schumpeter (18831950) proposed the concept of democratic elitism. Schumpeter defined that democracy was a good political method to arrive at political, legislative and administrative decisions by placing in certain individuals in power to decide on all matters of the masses as a representative means and the result of successful pursuit of people’s vote.

59. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The Elitist theory did not agree with the Marxian view of democracy that large corporations dominate in production and distribution of goods, however it accept with Marxian class analysis.
2. The democratic Elitism theory engages with the groups and individuals to meet their ends and facilitates with their disagreements so as to meet the ends of the both.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

The Elitist theory partly accepts the Marxian view of democracy that large corporations dominate in production and distribution of goods, however it does not agree with Marxian class analysis.

60. Who among the following said Democracy is the road to socialism?

1. Mahatma Gandhi
2. Nelson Mandela
3. Vladimir Lenin
4. Karl Marx

Explanation

Karl Marx states that Democracy is the road to socialism.

61. Which theory of Democracy affirms the separation of power from state and civil society and also economy from the political power?

1. Elitist theory
2. Marxist theory
3. Pluralist theory
4. Deliberative theory

Explanation

Pluralism is an inclusive concept. It addresses the interests and rights and the representation of the minorities thus forming the core content of liberal democracy. It affirms the separation of power from state and civil society and also economy from the political power.

62. pluralism offers the scope of institutions for the democratic process in the case of Legislature known as _____

1. Unicameralism
2. Bicameralism
3. Multi cameralism
4. Neo cameralism

Explanation

Pluralism offers the scope of institutions for the democratic process in the case of Legislature known as Bicameralism and a form of governance namely Federalism to govern the state through various set of representation.

63. Pluralism paves way for which democracy that enables diverse group participation, to protect their rights?

1. participatory democracies
2. Liberal democracies
3. Economic democracy
4. Industrial democracy

Explanation

Pluralism paves way for participatory democracy that enables diverse group participation, to protect their rights. In this scheme, political power is distributed and shared to many groups in the society representing diverse interests.

64. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Pluralism leads to defend their particular interests through government by creating ‘Non-competitive equilibrium’ that intends to benefit large sections of the society for the short run.
2. Pluralism suggests that democracy in the system necessitates the conduct of regular elections that encourages political competition among parties, groups and individuals.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

Pluralism leads to defend their particular interests through government by creating ‘competitive equilibrium’ that intends to benefit large sections of the society for the long run.

65. Who among the following predicted that elections expresses the preferences of divergent competitive groups rather than the wishes of many in the majority group?

1. James Madison
2. John Stuart Mill
3. Tocqueville
4. All the above

Explanation

The thinkers of Utilitarian school were the great advocates of pluralist democracy James Madison, John Stuart Mill and Tocqueville predicted that elections express the preferences of divergent competitive groups rather than the wishes of many in the majority group.

66. Pluralist democracy is also termed as _____

1. Diarchy
2. Monarchy
3. Polyarchy
4. Oligarchy

Explanation

Pluralist democracy is also termed as Polyarchy, which is a rule by series of minorities within the political framework. This also provides the bargaining power to the minority groups to assert their rights and share in power.

67. Who pointed out that the very essence of democracy is realized by Polyarchy that accommodates the presence of divergent groups, organizations in large number to enjoy relative autonomy in governmental power?

1. James Madison
2. Joseph Alois Schumpeter
3. Robert Dahl
4. Gaetano Mosca

Explanation

Robert Dahl pointed out that the very essence of democracy is realized by Polyarchy that accommodates the presence of divergent groups, association, organizations in large number to enjoy relative autonomy in governmental power and jurisdiction.

68. Which among the following is not preconditions for a functioning of polyarchy?

1. Consensus on the rule of procedure
2. Implement the election of all officials subjecting them to recall
3. Range of policy options
4. Legitimate scope of political activity

Explanation

The preconditions for a functioning of polyarchy are consensus on the rule of procedure, range of policy options and legitimate scope of political activity.

69. Which among the following are two critical aspects of democracy?

1. Deliberation and Rationalization
2. Counteraction and Rationalization
3. Participation and Deliberation
4. Counteraction and Deliberation

Explanation

Democracy is Deliberative in its scope. It emphasizes on the form of democracy that emphasizes the need for deliberation, discourse and debate that defines the public interest. Deliberation and participation are two critical aspects of democracy.

70. Who defines that deliberative democracy is built on the system of deliberation that features that decisions are reflective of the discussion among the participants?

1. James Mill
2. Tocqueville
3. John Madison
4. Gaetano Mosca

Explanation

James Miller defines that deliberative democracy is built on the system of deliberation that features that decisions are reflective of the discussion among the participants.

71. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Deliberative democracy and participation are usually strong in the grassroots level. India’s Panchayati Raj institutions are usually strong in this process.
2. Grass roots democracy features Panchayati Raj Institutions and civil societies that strengthen the functioning of the government
3. Deliberation democracy features the willingness of the people to listen to the views and consider the interests of the others modifying their own opinions accordingly.
4. Both 2 and 3
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 1 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

72. Whose interest and opinion are the key components of the deliberative democracy?

1. Elite
2. Legislators
3. Public
4. Workers

Explanation

Public interest and public opinion are the key components of the deliberative democracy. It emphasizes on the consensus built upon the acceptance from the masses rather than the influential individuals.

73. Deliberative democracy is usually based on a which approach of the current model of the development discourse?

1. Left based
2. Right based
3. Centre based
4. Neutral

Explanation

Deliberative democracy is usually based on a rights-based approach of the current model of the development discourse. It provides for resolution of the scope for conflicts of interest with the democratic institutional mechanism balancing the benefits of the competing groups.

74. Which among the following statement is incorrect

1. Deliberative democracy is different from other forms of democracy by maintaining a person is rational enough to set aside particular interest and opinion to aspire for fairness and common interests of the collective and deliberation was based on equality, equity, and public goods.
2. Deliberative democracy values the decisions arrived after inclusive discussion that heard all the points of view the most. Deliberative democracy is ‘concise’ in scope. It is a type of democracy in which deliberation is central to decision making.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

Deliberative Democracy values the decisions arrived after open discussion that heard all the points of view the most. Deliberative democracy is ‘discursive’ in scope. It is a type of democracy in which deliberation is central to decision making. It is the primary source of legitimacy for the law-making processes

75. Who among the following said My notion of democracy is that under it the weakest should have the same opportunity as the strongest. This can never happen except through non-violence?

1. Nelson Mandela
2. Karl Marx
3. Mahatma Gandhi
4. Martin Luther King Jr

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi states that “My notion of democracy is that under it the weakest should have the same opportunity as the strongest. This can never happen except through non-violence”.

76. Who among the followings observed that political choice, to be legitimate, must be the outcome of deliberation about ends among free, equal, and rational agents?

1. Rawls and Habermas
2. Schumpeter and Michal
3. Pareto and Bentham
4. James Mill and Bentham

Explanation

Rawls and Habermas famous theorists of justice and public opinion have observed that political choice, to be legitimate, must be the outcome of deliberation about ends among free, equal, and rational agents.

77. Which among the following statement is Incorrect

1. Deliberative democracy is harmonious more on direct democracy. Deliberative democracy agrees with traditional democratic theory in authentic deliberation, merely confined to voting.
2. Deliberative democracy recognises “the full and equal membership of all in the sovereign body responsible for authorizing the exercise of that power, and establishes the common reason and will of that body”.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

Deliberative democracy is harmonious with both representative democracy and direct democracy. Deliberative democracy differs from traditional democratic theory in authentic deliberation, not merely confined to voting.

78. When civil society movement “Seven Party Alliance” (SPA) called for a million strong demonstration to be staged at seven different points along the ring road encircling the capital Kathmandu?

1. 1991
2. 2010
3. 2006
4. 1999

Explanation

On April, 2006 the leaders of Nepal ‘s vibrant pro-democracy civil society movement “Seven Party Alliance” (SPA) called for a millionstrong demonstration to be staged at seven different points along the ring road encircling the capital Kathmandu.

79. Which king was forced to step down and paved the way for democracy in Nepal?

1. King Kulamandan
2. King Prithvi Narayan
3. King Dravya
4. King Gyanendra

Explanation

The millions of citizens who made up the people’s movement demanded a end to autocratic rule of monarchy and restoration of total democracy in the Himalayan Kingdom. An unprecedented development forced the King Gyanendra to step down and paved the way for democracy.

80. Which Bhutan kingdom travelled to all the 20 districts of the tiny Kingdom to explain the importance of historic transition to the people of Bhutan?

1. Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
2. Jigme Singye Wangchuck
3. Ugyen Wangchuck
4. Jigme Dorji Wangchuck

Explanation

The fourth King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck travelled to all the 20 districts of the tiny Kingdom. The purpose of the travel is to explain the importance of historic transition to the people of Bhutan. Transition from the hereditary monarchy to the Parliamentary Democracy.

81. Which year the king Jigme Singye Wangchuck has abdicated the throne, 34 years after ascending it?

1. 2006
2. 2001
3. 1998
4. 2009

Explanation

In 2006, the King Singye Wangchuck has abdicated the throne, 34 years after ascending it. His son Crown Prince Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck becomes the fifth monarch and head of State of the Himalayan Kingdom. Now Bhutan is a parliamentary democracy and King Jigeme a constitutional monarch.

82. Which among the following is the reason for the emerge of modern and contemporary democracy?

1. Agricultural revolution
2. Cognitive revolution
3. Industrial revolution
4. Green revolution

Explanation

Modern and contemporary democracies emerged in the late eighteen centuries in Western Europe as a result of industrial revolution, rise of labour and the social changes that emerged.

83. Which among the following is not the Modern and contemporary democracies features?

1. Written constitution the basic requirements and it must be kept up in everyday life by politicians and authorities`
2. Importance of Constitutionally guaranteed basic Human Rights and fundamental rights to every individual of all the social groups’ especially religious minorities and other underprivileged.
3. Mixed Powers between the institutions of the state
4. Freedom of opinion, speech, press and mass media and Religious liberty

Explanation

The Separation of Powers between the institutions of the state: Government (Executive Power), Parliament (Legislative Power) and Courts of Law (Judicative Power)

84. General and equal right to vote (one person, one vote) is known as _____

1. Universal Adult Ebullient
2. Universal Adult Suffrage
3. Universal adult fabled
4. All the above

Explanation

General and equal right to vote (one person, one vote) – Universal Adult Suffrage.

85. Which among the following statement is incorrect

1. The “majority rule” is characterized as only important features of democracy, however the process should have free and fair competitive elections. Additionally, the importance of Rights is very important
2. freedom of political expression, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press are indispensable in the representative democracy and the masses are informed through political campaign and the manifestoes of the political parties enable to vote in their personal interests
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

86. Which is the fundamental requirement of modern democracy?

1. Freedom of work
2. Freedom of religion
3. Freedom of trade
4. Freedom of speech

Explanation

People in Asian and European countries use the term “democracy” as the basic expression meaning for liberal democracy, which has the salient features of political pluralism; equality before the law; civil liberties; human rights; and elements of civil society outside the government. Freedom of speech is the fundamental requirement of modern democracy.

87. Which among the following does not the define the Democracy?

1. Political System of Competition for Power
2. The head of state is for life or until abdication
3. Right to participation in public life
4. The Rule of Law

Explanation

All democratically elected Governments are held responsible by free speech, every decision must have a reason, accountable. Democracy has been described or defined broadly as a) Political System of Competition for Power b) Right to participation in public life c) The Rule of Law.

88. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Participatory democracy is the system of government in which all qualified citizens vote to elect their legislators based on the constituencies divided by the population or eligible voters.
2. Representative democracy is been promoted to achieve equity reversing the concept of equality. In the recent days representative democracy is a process that enables and ensures the wider participation of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

A representative democracy is the system of government in which all qualified citizens vote to elect their representatives based on the constituencies divided by the population or eligible voters.

Participatory democracy is been promoted to achieve equity reversing the concept of equality. In the recent days participatory democracy is a process that enables and ensures the wider participation of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems.

89. During the election political parties announce to the people about their programmes and policies are known as ____

1. Party promise
2. Party manifesto
3. Party policy
4. Party confession

Explanation

During the election political party announce to the people about their programmes and policies are known as the ‘party manifesto’. A transforming country like India, every national and regional party used to release their election manifesto to have a direction and trajectory of their future plan of action so as to win the confidence of the masses.

90. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Representative Democracy is closely associated with Marxist Democracy which describes the political system which originated in the China and Eastern Europe and has subsequently been adopted in numerous Third World countries.
2. The political parties mobilize the people in knowing their needs and in turn mould the public opinion. The representatives are constitutionally recognized and entitled to execute their duties and responsibilities in the people’s interest, with authority.
3. The individuals are allowed to contest elections as independent candidates too, if they do not wish to belong any political party. The role of political parties is vital in a representative democratic system
4. Only 3
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 1 and 3
7. Both 2 and 3

Explanation

Representative Democracy is closely associated with Liberal Democracy which describes the political system which originated in the USA and Western Europe and has subsequently been adopted in numerous Third World countries and may gradually be well established in the former USSR and its former states in Eastern Europe.

91. Which Democratic regimes may be classified as either Presidential or Parliamentary systems and there are also important variations within these broad categories?

1. Marxist democracy
2. Elitist democracy
3. Liberal democracy
4. Protective democracy

Explanation

Liberal Democratic regimes may be classified as either Presidential or Parliamentary systems and there are also important variations within these broad categories.

92. Which among the following is not the principle of Representative democracy?

1. The existence of electoral laws supervised by an independent judiciary
2. Freedom of speech and association. Freedom to stand as an election candidate.
3. The existence of non-competing political parties offering electoral choice
4. The existence of regular, free, fair elections based upon universal suffrage and secret ballots under the supervision of Election Commission as an independent body

Explanation

The existence of competing political parties offering electoral choice

93. When International day of Indigenous people is celebrated?

1. January 21
2. May 17
3. July 2
4. August 9

Explanation

International day of the worlds indigenous people are celebrated on August 9.

94. When U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous peoples was adopted by the General Assembly with the support of 143 Member States?

1. September 2007
2. December 2009
3. January 2008
4. August 2004

Explanation

The U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous peoples was adopted in September 2007 by the General Assembly with the support of 143 Member States. This support keeps expanding. Significantly, Colombia and Australia – two of the countries that originally did not approve the text have now endorsed the Declaration.

95. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The estimated 370 million indigenous peoples need and deserve more than just symbolic celebrations on August 9, when they commemorate everywhere the International Day devoted to the reaffirmation of the value and resilience of indigenous life and cultures
2. After centuries of repression, they need comprehensive tools to defend their human rights, their way of life, and their aspirations. One such tool is the U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous peoples
3. It established their right to self-determination and to maintain and strengthen their district political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions, while retaining their right to participate fully in public life.
4. Only 3
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

96. Which democracy aim is to make people interested to take part in the political, legal and economic processes of the state and also to make people more responsible for the decisions made?

1. Elitist democracy
2. Liberal democracy
3. Deliberative democracy
4. Participatory democracy

Explanation

The aim of participatory democracy is to make people interested to take part in the political, legal and economic processes of the state and also to make people more responsible for the decisions made. participatory Democracy tends to support more involved forms of citizen participation than traditional representative democracy.

97. Which is base for Participatory democracy “political” operation in that it revolves around a structure of authority increasing and extending the scope of participation and political equality involves democratizing society?

1. Political relations
2. Social relations
3. Indigenous relations
4. Economic relations

Explanation

Social relations are base for its “political” operation in that it revolves around a structure of authority increasing and extending the scope of participation and political equality involves democratizing society.

98. Which among the following statement is correct

1. A civil society-based concept, participatory democracy attempts to create opportunities for all members of a group to make expressive contributions to decision-making, and to increase the range of access to such opportunities.
2. The important feature of a participatory democracy is that people will have the opportunity to represent indirectly through legislator in the functions and access to the decision-making institutions of state and there shall be provision for delegating power to another body or organ
3. The most important characteristic is the importance of political equality in democratic system a long side basic or fundamental rights, liberties that needs emphasis and to be highlighted.
4. Only 1
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 1 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

The important feature of a participatory democracy is that people will have the opportunity to directly participate in the functions and access to the decision-making institutions of state and there shall be no provision for delegating power to another body or organ.

99. The degree to which a polity is able to govern itself in its domestic affairs and foreign policies and free from interference of other nations is known as __

1. Sovereignty
2. Secularism
3. Federation
4. Socialist

Explanation

The degree to which a polity is able to govern itself in its domestic affairs and foreign policies and free from interference of other nations is known as Sovereignty.

100. Who among the following was the Drafting Committee Chairman of the Constitution of India?

1. Dr B R Ambedkar
2. Rajendra Prasad
3. V T Krishnamachari
4. B N Rau

Explanation

Democracy has found to be a right, system, approach, mechanism and the profound channel of expression of consent and dissent. Dr B. R. Ambedkar, was the Drafting Committee Chairman of the Constitution of India.

101. The extent to which the highest judicial bodies are independent of the executive and other outside influences is known as ____

1. Executive judiciary
2. Civil judiciary
3. Political judiciary
4. Independent judiciary

Explanation

The extent to which the highest judicial bodies are independent of the executive and other outside influences is known as independent judiciary.

102. Which among the following is wrongly matched with its meaning?

1. Turnout – The percentage of people’s participation in voting during elections
2. Universal Adult suffrage – The extent to which all the adults have been given the right to exercise vote in elections
3. Legislative power – The extent to which the executive controls the legislative with parliamentary systems
4. Party ideology – The extent to which parties have well-defined, consistent, and coherent ideologies.

Explanation

Legislative power – The extent to which the legislature controls the executive with parliamentary systems.

103. Who among the following said “In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality”?

1. Mahatma Gandhi
2. Dr B. R. Ambedkar
3. Nelson Mandela
4. Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation

Dr B. R. Ambedkar said “In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality. In politics we will be recognizing the principle of one man one vote and one vote one value. In our social and economic life, we shall, by reason of our social and economic structure continue to deny the principle of one man one value”.

104. Which among the following is wrongly matched with its meaning?

1. Elected government – The extent to which executive functions are carried forward by officials elected through election through secret ballot.
2. Party system – The number of parties gaining seats in the legislature
3. Property rights – The extent to which property rights are protected
4. Authority – The degree to which state governmental authority is pre-eminent throughout the territory claimed as part of the polity

Explanation

Authority – The degree to which central governmental authority is pre-eminent throughout the territory claimed as part of the polity

105. The extent to which women achieve equal representation with indiscriminate dignity in the legislature, social institutions and other high positions within government is known as ____

1. Gender Equality
2. Feminist representation
3. Matriarchy
4. Development

Explanation

The extent to which women achieve equal representation with indiscriminate dignity in the legislature, social institutions and other high positions within government is known as Gender Equality.

106. Which among the following is not the criterial to measured and evaluated the democracy?

1. Restriction for the access to natural and common property
2. Civil society independence
3. Role of opposite leader
4. Political equality to achieve socioeconomic status for underprivileged

Explanation

Equal access to natural and common property. Equal access to resources

107. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The founding fathers of India and its Constitution had built strong democratic foundations in the Indian State and the Constitution thus making India a great country.
2. The democratic constitutional foundations have strengthened the Constitution in every aspect of socio political and economic changes. The Preamble of the Constitution laid down clear road map with Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

108. When the first general election was conducted in India?

1. 1949
2. 1951
3. 1954
4. 1946

Explanation

The first general election in India was conducted in 1951

109. During the first general election in the 1951 India how many political parties are there?

1. 102
2. 31
3. 67
4. 54

Explanation

During the first general election in the 1951 India had 54 political parties and now it has grown up to 464 in the 2014 general election as an evident of deepening of the democratic process.

110. From which year electronic voting machines are used for recording votes in India?

1. 2000
2. 2004
3. 2008
4. 2010

Explanation

Since 2004, votes are recorded through (EVMs) electronic voting machines. These are manufactured in India and their accuracy is ensured and secrecy has been fully tested.

111. Our electoral system known as ______

1. Two-Round-system
2. Additional-Member-System
3. First-Past-The-Post
4. Single-Transferable-Vote

Explanation

Our electoral system known as FPTP or First-Past-The-Post system, is a single member district, simple-plurality system in which voters cast a single ballot to choose a single representative to the lower house of parliament or the State legislative assembly, the candidate with largest number of votes, even if only a plurality, getting elected to represent the constituency

112. From which year the citizens were given a chance to elect their representatives at the age of 18?

1. 1989
2. 1997
3. 1973
4. 1978

Explanation

Since 1989, the citizens were given a chance to elect their representatives at the age of 18, this is another feather in the crown of democracy.

113. Which is the largest democratic country in the world?

1. China
2. USA
3. India
4. South Korea

Explanation

India is the largest democratic country in the world. India is the world’s the largest democracy proved success in accommodation of group and regional demands in a complex, quasi-federal, polity.

114. How many general elections happened in India so far?

1. 12
2. 17
3. 21
4. 26

Explanation

Totally 17 general election took place in India. 17^th general election happened in 2019.

115. In the first general election how many percent exercised their franchise?

1. 26.18%
2. 44.87%
3. 61.62%
4. 51.83%

Explanation

In the first General election 1951, 173 million citizens were given right to vote; of these, 44.87 percent exercised their franchise. In the 16^th general election in 2014, the size of the electorate had increased to 814 million the voting percentage had gone up to 66.4 and of these, 67.9 percent were men and 65.6 percent women.

116. Which amendment of the constitution has given the reservation for SC/STs, women in the Local self-governing bodies as members, councillors and mayors?

1. 42^nd and 43^rd amendment
2. 28^th and 29^th amendment
3. 51^st and 52^nd amendment
4. 73^rd and 74^th amendment

Explanation

The 73rd and 74th amendment of the constitution has given the reservation for SC/STs, women in the Local self-governing bodies like panchayats, municipalities and corporations as members, councillors and mayors.

117. Which among the following statement is correct

1. India’s democratic set up has been vibrant and able to keep the military for the use of political power. It also shows prudence on the part of military generals and defence personnel earning respect from the legislative.
2. The democratic process has brought about a shift of political power from the middle and higher castes and classes of urban society to backward classes who are now the politically most influential ones in the country
3. They have won reservations for themselves in legislatures and government services as were accorded to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes after independence through Constitutional provisions.
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2and 3

Explanation

India’s democratic set up has been vibrant and able to keep the military out of political power. It also shows prudence on the part of military generals and defence personnel earning respect from the executive.

118. What was the life expectancy at birth in 2011?

1. 72 years
2. 66 years
3. 59 years
4. 75 years

Explanation

The life expectancy at birth has almost doubled from 36 years in 1951 to 66 years in 2011 due to the availability of better health facilities and the health programmes consistently implemented for the wellbeing of the people to get away from the epidemics, endemics, communicable and non-communicable diseases.

119. Which among the following disease was eradicated from India?

1. Smallpox
2. Chickenpox
3. Leprosy
4. Tuberculosis

Explanation

The diseases like small pox and polio have been eradicated from India.

120. How many Universities are there in India during year 1950-51?

1. 81
2. 54
3. 73
4. 27

Explanation

In education, the number of universities and colleges has gone up from a minuscule 27 universities and 578 colleges in 1950-51 to an estimated 712 universities and 36,671 colleges in 2014.

121. What is the literacy rate of India in year 2011?

1. 58%
2. 69%
3. 83%
4. 73%

Explanation

The literacy rates have almost quadrupled from 18.3 percent of the population in 1951 to 73 percent in 2011.

122. Who among the following said “Democracy is good. I say this because other systems are worse. So, we are forced to accept democracy”?

1. Dr B. R. Ambedkar
2. Abraham Lincoln
3. Jawaharlal Nehru
4. Mahatma Gandhi

Explanation

Jawaharlal Nehru said “Democracy is good. I say this because other systems are worse. So, we are forced to accept democracy. It has good points and also bad. But merely saying that democracy will solve all problems is utterly wrong. Problems are solved by intelligence and hard work”.

123. When India move towards more open liberalized and market driven model of the economy?

1. 1991
2. 1998
3. 2001
4. 2004

Explanation

India move towards more open liberalized and market driven model of the economy in year 1991.

124. The open liberalized and market driven model of the economy starting in the 1991 reforms called as _____

1. Structural Representation Programme
2. Structural Liberation Programme
3. Structural Adjustment Program
4. Structural Method Programme

Explanation

Till 2017 and a very big public sector for industries catering employment and science and technology education for the youth in the country, but soon there were inefficiencies and labour issues it resulted in a move towards a more open liberalized and market driven model of the economy starting in the 1991 reforms called as Structural Adjustment Programme.

125. Who among the following said “Political democracy cannot last unless there lies at the base of it social democracy”?

1. Mahatma Gandhi
2. Abraham Lincoln
3. Dr B. R. Ambedkar
4. Karl Marx

Explanation

Dr B. R. Ambedkar Political democracy cannot last unless there lies at the base of its social democracy. What does social democracy mean? It means a way of life which recognizes liberty, equality and fraternity of the principles of life.

126. Which among the following statement is correct

1. India’s institutions like the free press and dependent judiciary have ensured that India remains a society based on rule of classes.
2. After Adjustment Programme, the economy has seen greater private and foreign participation found the base for the emergence of professional new middle class
3. The technological innovations applied in transforming the service sector particularly Education, Health and transportation along with rural and urban infrastructure lead to digital India and reforms in banking sectors has brought a great social transformation in reality
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

India’s institutions like the free press and an independent judiciary have ensured that India remains a society based on rule of law.

127. What is the food grain production of India in year 2014-15?

1. 173.17 million tonnes
2. 264.77 million tonnes
3. 486.62 million tonnes
4. 372.37 million tonnes

Explanation

Food grain production grew from 50.8 million tonnes in 1950-51 to an estimated 264.77 million tonnes in 2014-15 that indicates more than a fivefold increase and the fact that India is food secure for the time being. It was made possible with rapid advances in agricultural technology.

128. What is the India’s Gross National Income in the year 2014-15?

1. 105.28 lakh crore
2. 287.18 lakh crore
3. 418.28 lakh crore
4. 518.31 lakh crore

Explanation

India’s Gross National Income (GNI) at constant prices has increased more than 35 times from 2.92 lakh crore in 1950-51 to 105.28 lakh crore 2014-15. Similarly, the per capital income at current prices has risen from a poultry 274 In 1950-51 to a decent 88,533 in 2014-15.

129. Which is an ideology and also an economic system involving private ownership over the means of production, distribution of goods and the overall structure of business is based on profit motive?

1. Socialism
2. Communism
3. Democracy
4. Capitalism

Explanation

Capitalism is an ideology and also an economic system involving private ownership over the means of production, distribution of goods and the overall structure of business is based on profit motive.

130. The social system constructed by hierarchical structure with graded inequality which determines the social status of the individual playing a vital role in every sphere of Indian citizen is known as ____

1. Groupism
2. Casteism
3. Diversity
4. Anarchism

Explanation

The social system constructed by hierarchical structure with graded inequality which determines the social status of the individual playing a vital role in every sphere of Indian citizen is known as casteism.

131. Which is a political ideology that has come to be associated with conflicts, tensions and resulting it in violence between different religious, ethnic and caste group?

1. Communism
2. Dictatorship
3. Communalism
4. Coup

Explanation

Communalism as a political ideology that has come to be associated with conflicts, tensions and resulting it in violence between different religious, ethnic and caste groups.

132. Who is a minority in whose hands power, wealth or prestige is concentrated?

1. Ministers
2. Legislators
3. Scholars
4. Elites

Explanation

Elite means that a minority in whose hands power, wealth or prestige is concentrated.

133. Which is the institution functions at the grass root level with constitutional safe guards making the people to participating in the process and practice of local self-governance?

1. Panchayati Raj
2. Lok Sabha
3. Civil Servants
4. Legislators

Explanation

Panchayati Raj is the institution functions at the grass root level with constitutional safe guards making the people to participating in the process and practice of local self-governance to design their political process and decision-making for fulfilling the needs.