Economic Activities 12th Geography Lesson 4 Questions in English

12th Geography Lesson 4 Questions in English

4] Economic Activities

1. When did Google started testing self-driving technology with the Toyota Prius on freeways?

1. 1997
2. 2009
3. 2014
4. 2007

Explanation

Google started testing self-driving technology with the Toyota Prius on freeways in California in 2009. A new development was the unveiling of a new prototype vehicle in 2014, capable of being a fully self-driving car. These intelligent cars use sensors and software to detect objects like pedestrians, cyclists and can safely drive around them. According to Google, the car can process both map and sensor information to fi nd out its exact location – precisely which street or lane it is driving in. Th e sensors are so powerful that it can detect all kinds of objects. What’s more interesting, the software can predict what these objects around the car will do next and take action accordingly.

2. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Economic activity refers to the activity of making, providing, purchasing and selling goods or services
2. Economic activities exist at all levels within a society.
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

Economic activity refers to the activity of making, providing, purchasing and selling goods or services. Economic activities exist at all levels within a society. Human beings are engaged in various kinds of economic activities.

3. Which of the following is further sub divided into Quaternary and Quinary activities?

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. All the above

Explanation

In general, all the economic activities are broadly categorised into Primary, Secondary and Tertiary activities. The Tertiary activities are further sub divided into Quaternary and Quinary activities.

4. Which of the statement about Planned economy is correct?

1. Goods and services created are controlled by government agencies
2. Supply and price are controlled by the seller
3. It was practiced earlier by the Communist controlled societies
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

In a Planned economy, Goods and services created are controlled by government agencies. Supply and price are controlled by the state. It was practiced earlier by the Communist controlled societies.

5. In which economy goods and services are created for the use of producers and their kinship groups?

1. Commercial economy
2. Subsistence economy
3. Planned economy
4. Unplanned economy

Explanation

In a Subsistence economy, Goods and services which are created for the use of the producers and their kinship groups. In a Commercial economy, Goods and services which are produced mainly for sale. Market competition is the primary force determining the production and distributions.

6. Which of the following are primary activity?

1. Gathering
2. Hunting
3. Mining
4. Agriculture
5. 1, 2, 4
6. 2, 3, 4
7. 1, 2, 3
8. All the above

Explanation

Primary activities help man to full-fill his needs and desires, by using resources which are gifted to man by nature. These activities are directly connected with nature. Hunting, Gathering, Pastoralism, Fishing, Forestry, Mining and Agriculture are the primary activities.

7. Which of the following are the oldest known economic activity in the world?

1. Hunting
2. Mining
3. Gathering
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Until 12,000 years ago, all humans lived as hunters and gatherers. At present only 0.0001% human live as hunters and gatherers. Gathering and hunting are the oldest known economic activity in the world. It often involves primitive societies which collect both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing. These primitive activities are being carried out still in a very few parts of the world

8. Match the following

1. Inuit 1. Australia
2. Pygmies 2. South India
3. Pintupi 3. Artic region
4. Paliyan 4. Kalahari
5. 2, 1, 4, 3
6. 3, 4, 1, 2
7. 2, 4, 1, 3
8. 4, 3, 1, 2

Explanation

Gathering is practiced in the areas of High-altitude zones of Northern Canada, Northern Eurasia and Southern Chile and in the low altitude zones of the Amazon Basin, Tropical Africa, Northern fringe of Australia and interior parts of South East Asia. Present day gatherers and hunters are confined to a few pockets. Inuit in the Arctic region, Pygmies of Kalahari, Pintupi, Aborgines of Australians, and Paliyan of South India are the examples of foragers.

9. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Pastoralism is the process of grazing and rearing of different types of animals like cattle, sheep, goats, etc in an organised manner to get animals products.
2. The animals rearing can be primitive which is carried on by nomads or highly scientific means on a commercial scale.
3. animal grazing and rearing can be divided into 3 broad categories
4. 1, 3
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 2
7. All the above

Explanation

Pastoralism is the process of grazing and rearing of different types of animals like cattle, sheep, goats, etc in an organised manner to get animals products. The animals rearing can be primitive which is carried on by nomads or highly scientific means on a commercial scale. So, animal grazing and rearing can be divided into two broad categories as Nomadic Herding and Commercial Livestock Rearing.

10. Which of the following statement about Pastoral Nomadism is correct?

1. It is a primitive subsistence activity in which the herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport
2. They are mostly found in central and western Asia, Northern and Western regions of Africa and some parts of southern Africa and Tundra regions.
3. Pastoral nomadism is commonly practiced in regions with little arable land, typically in the developing world.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Nomadic Herding (or) Pastoral Nomadism is a primitive subsistence activity in which the herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport. They move from place to place along with their livestock, depending on the availability of pastures and water. These people do not lead a settled life but keep on moving from place to place. Pastoral nomadism is commonly practiced in regions with little arable land, typically in the developing world. They are mostly found in central and western Asia, Northern and Western regions of Africa and some parts of southern Africa and Tundra regions.

11. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.
2. Gujiars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Bhotiyas in the Himalayan region migrate from plains to the mountain in summer and to the plains from the high-altitude pastures in winter
3. The number of pastoral nomads has been decreasing and the areas operated by them shrinks due to developments and spreading of other economic activities
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. In mountain region it implies movement between higher altitude pastures during summer and valleys in winter. Gujiars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Bhotiyas in the Himalayan region migrate from plains to the mountain in summer and to the plains from the high-altitude pastures in winter. In the tundra regions, herders move from south to north in summer and from north to south in winter. The number of pastoral nomads has been decreasing and the areas operated by them shrinks due to developments and spreading of other economic activities.

12. In which of the following countries commercial livestock rearing is practised?

1. Japan
2. New Zealand
3. USA
4. Argentina
5. 1, 3, 4
6. 2, 3, 4
7. 1, 2, 4
8. All the above

Explanation

Products such as meat, wool, hides and skin are processed and packed scientifically and exported to different world markets. New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Uruguay and USA are the major countries where commercial livestock rearing is practiced.

13. Assertion(A): Commercial livestock rearing is generally practiced in permanent ranches.

Reason(R): Ranches refer to the large stock farms, usually fenced in, where animals are breed

and reared on a commercial scale.

1. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
2. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
3. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
4. (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong

Explanation

Commercial livestock rearing is more organised and capital-intensive activity in comparison with the Nomadic pastoralism. It is generally practiced in permanent ranches. Ranches refer to the large stock farms, usually fenced in, where animals are breed and reared on a commercial scale. Animals are grazed over large areas which are known as ranches in Prairies and estancia in Pampas. Most modern technology is used for commercial grazing, great emphasis is laid on breeding, genetic improvement, disease control and health of the animals.

14. Which of the following are types of commercial farming?

1. Intensive farming
2. Mixed farming
3. Plantation agriculture
4. Extensive agriculture
5. 1, 2, 3
6. 2, 3, 4
7. 1, 3, 4
8. All the above

Explanation

15. Match the following correctly

1. Primary 1. Gold collar
2. Tertiary 2. Pink collar
3. Quinary 3. White collar
4. Quaternary 4. Red collar
5. 2, 1, 4, 3
6. 4, 2, 1, 3
7. 4, 3, 2, 1
8. 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation

16. _____ is the most fundamental form of human activity

1. Hunting
2. Agriculture
3. Mining
4. All the above

Explanation

Agriculture is the most fundamental form of human activity and includes not only cultivation of crops but also the domestication of animals.

17. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Shifting Cultivation is a kind of traditional farming practiced by tribes in the hilly and forest regions.
2. It is practiced especially in temperate regions of New Zealand
3. In this farming an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Shifting Cultivation is a kind of traditional farming practiced by tribes in the hilly and forest regions. It is practiced especially in tropical Africa. In this farming an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored.

18. Match the other names of Shifting agriculture in different regions:

1. Ray 1. Mexico
2. Chen 2. Sri Lanka
3. Humah 3. Vietnam
4. Milpa 4. Indonesia
5. 2, 1, 3, 4
6. 3, 2, 4, 1
7. 1, 4, 2, 3
8. 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation

19. In which of the following Farmers prefer the cultivation of short duration crops?

1. Subsistence Agriculture
2. Intensive Agriculture
3. Plantation agriculture
4. None

Explanation

Intensive Agriculture is the one in which the agricultural land is utilised intensively. Farmers prefer the cultivation of short duration crops which enables the cultivation of two or three crops in the same piece of land in a year. Generally it is practiced wherein the size of the agricultural land holding is small.

20. In which of the following farmers follow traditional method of cultivation in this kind of farming?

1. Subsistence Agriculture
2. Intensive Agriculture
3. Plantation agriculture
4. None

Explanation

Subsistence Agriculture is a type of farming in which output is consumed almost entirely by the farmers and their families leaving only a small proportion for sale. Farmers follow traditional method of cultivation in this kind of farming.

21. What will be the temperature and annual rainfall of plantation agriculture areas?

1. High, low
2. Low, high
3. High, high
4. Low, low

Explanation

Plantation agriculture is a form of commercial farming where crops are grown for profit. Large land areas are needed for this type of agriculture. Countries that have plantation Agriculture usually experience high annual temperatures and receive high annual rainfall. Plantation is mainly found in countries that have a tropical climate.

22. Which of the following is not a planation crops?

1. Tea
2. Banana
3. Oil Palm
4. Rice

Explanation

The important plantation crops are tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber, oil palm, sugarcane, bananas and pineapples.

23. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Extensive Farming is a kind of farming practiced in the regions where the size of the land holding is very large
2. It is practiced in the Interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid-latitudes
3. Wheat is the major crop of this region and the farming is highly mechanized.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Extensive Farming is a kind of farming practiced in the regions where the size of the land holding is very large. It is practiced in the Interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid-latitudes. Wheat is the major crop of this region and the farming is highly mechanized.

24. Which of the following statement about mixed farming is correct?

1. It is an agricultural system in which a farmer conducts different agricultural practice together, such as crops, fishing and livestock.
2. The aim is to increase income through different sources and to complement land and labour demands across the year.
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

Mixed Farming is an agricultural system in which a farmer conducts different agricultural practice together, such as crops, fishing and livestock. The aim is to increase income through different sources and to complement land and labour demands across the year.

25. What is the science of vegetable growing?

1. Pomology
2. Olericulture
3. Floriculture
4. Sericulture

Explanation

Pomology – the study of growing fruits.

Olericulture – science of vegetable growing.

Floriculture – refers to cultivation of flowers.

Sericulture – refers to Rearing of Silkworms

26. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Mediterranean agriculture is highly specialised commercial agriculture
2. It is practised in the countries on either side of the Mediterranean Sea in Europe and in North Africa
3. This region is an important supplier of citrus fruits.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Mediterranean agriculture is highly specialised commercial agriculture. It is practised in the countries on either side of the Mediterranean Sea in Europe and in North Africa from Tunisia to Atlantic coast, southern California, central Chile, south western parts of South Africa and south and south western parts of Australia. This region is an important supplier of citrus fruits.

27. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Viticulture or grape cultivation is a speciality of the Mediterranean region.
2. This region also produces olives and figs.
3. Best quality wines in the world with distinctive flavours are produced from high quality grapes in various countries of this region.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Viticulture or grape cultivation is a speciality of the Mediterranean region. Best quality wines in the world with distinctive flavours are produced from high quality grapes in various countries of this region. The inferior grapes are dried into raisins and currants. This region also produces olives and figs. The advantage of Mediterranean agriculture is that more valuable crops such as fruits and vegetables are grown in winters when there is great demand in European and North American markets.

28. ____________ is also termed as “truck farming”

1. Horticulture
2. Viticulture
3. Floriculture
4. Olericulture

Explanation

Specialised cultivation of flowers, vegetables and fruits is called horticulture. It is also termed as “truck farming”.

29. The study of grape cultivation is known as_________

1. Floriculture
2. Olericulture
3. Viticulture
4. Sericulture

Explanation

Horticulture crops are grown on small farms which are well connected to the markets by cheap and efficient means of transportation. It is labour and capital-intensive crops. The main areas are northwest Europe, northern eastern USA and Mediterranean region. The study of grape cultivation is known as viticulture

30. Who wrote the book “The Isolated State”?

1. Van Heusen
2. Von Thunen
3. Xavier Prelustsky
4. Thomas Munro

Explanation

The Von Thunen model of agricultural land use was created by the farmer, landowner, and economist Von Thunen in 1826 in a book called The Isolated State. Von Thunen model was created before industrialization and is based on the following limiting assumptions: The city is located centrally within an “Isolated State” that is self-sufficient and has no external influences.

31. Which of the following statement about Von Thunen model of agriculture is correct?

1. The Isolated State is surrounded by an unoccupied wilderness
2. The soil quality and climate are consistent throughout the State
3. Farmers act to maximize profits.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Von Thunen model of agriculture:

The city is located centrally within an “Isolated State” that is self-sufficient and has no external influences. ➢ The Isolated State is surrounded by an unoccupied wilderness. ➢ The land of the State is completely flat and has no rivers or mountains to interrupt the terrain. ➢ The soil quality and climate are consistent throughout the State. ➢ Farmers in the Isolated State transport their own goods to market via ox cart, across the land, directly to the central city. Therefore, there are no roads. ➢ Farmers act to maximize profits.

32. Assertion(A): Dairying and intensive farming occur in the ring closest to the city.

Reason(R): Because vegetables, fruit, milk, and other dairy products must get to market quickly, they would be produced close to the city.

1. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
2. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
3. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
4. (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong

Explanation

Dairying and intensive farming occur in the ring closest to the city. Because vegetables, fruit, milk, and other dairy products must get to market quickly, they would be produced close to the city. The first ring of land is also more expensive, so the agricultural products would have to be highly valuable ones and the rate of return is maximized.

33. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Timber and firewood would be produced for fuel and building materials in the second zone.
2. Before industrialization and coal power, wood was a very important fuel for heating and cooking.
3. Wood is very heavy and difficult to transport, so it is located as close to the city as possible.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Timber and firewood would be produced for fuel and building materials in the second zone. Before industrialization and coal power, wood was a very important fuel for heating and cooking. Wood is very heavy and difficult to transport, so it is located as close to the city as possible.

34. _________ zone consists of extensive field crops such as grains for bread

1. First
2. Second
3. Third
4. Fourth

Explanation

The third zone consists of extensive field crops such as grains for bread. As grains last longer than dairy products and they are much lighter than fuel, to reduce transport costs, they can be located farther from the city. Ring 4: Ranching is located in the final ring surrounding the central city. Animals can be raised far from the city because they are self-transporting.

35. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Even though the Von Thunen model was created in a time before factories, highways, and even railroads, it is still an important model in geography.
2. The Von Thunen model is an excellent illustration of the balance between land cost and transportation costs
3. The farmers of the Isolated State balance the cost of transportation, land, and profit and produce the most cost-effective product for market
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Even though the Von Thunen model was created in a time before factories, highways, and even railroads, it is still an important model in geography. The Von Thunen model is an excellent illustration of the balance between land cost and transportation costs. When one gets closer to a city, the price of land increases. The farmers of the Isolated State balance the cost of transportation, land, and profit and produce the most cost-effective product for market. Of course, in the real world, things do not happen as they would in a model.

36. Assertion(A): The process of extracting minerals from the earth crust is known as mining.

Reason(R): The actual development of mining began with the industrial revolution and its

importance is continuously increasing.

1. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
2. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
3. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
4. (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong

Explanation

The process of extracting minerals from the earth crust is known as mining. The discovery of minerals in the history of human development is reflected in many stages in terms of copper, Bronze and Iron age. The use of minerals in ancient times was largely confined to making of tools, utensils and weapons. The actual development of mining began with the industrial revolution and its importance is continuously increasing.

37. Which of the following statement about open pit mining is correct?

1. Open pit mining involves mining minerals ore that can be found near the surface layer of the site
2. Some quarries can be over 1000 meters deep
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

Open pit mining involves mining minerals ore that can be found near the surface layer of the site. Some quarries can be over 1000 meters deep. This form of mining doesn’t require tunnelling into the earth and is a simple method of mining that yields high production.

38. _________ % of the mined earth is waste materials

1. 20
2. 50
3. 70
4. 35

Explanation

Surface mining is the process of mining the ores found on the surface of the earth. In this process, any unwanted soil is stripped off from the land and the ore beneath is extracted. Surface mining often leaves behind large areas of infertile land and waste rock as 70% of the mined earth is waste materials.

39. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Sub-surface mining involves the digging of a network of shafts and tunnels into the earth to reach and extract the deposit of mineral ore beneath the earth.
2. In modern practice, underground mines are pre-assessed for oxygen toxicity levels and a system of ventilation machines and protocols are in place to ensure workplace safety
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

Sub-surface mining involves the digging of a network of shafts and tunnels into the earth to reach and extract the deposit of mineral ore beneath the earth. In comparison to other methods, underground mines impacts are less on the environment and are more harmful to those working within them. In modern practice, underground mines are pre-assessed for oxygen toxicity levels and a system of ventilation machines and protocols are in place to ensure workplace safety.

40. Which of the following metal is mined using In-Situ Mining?

1. Iron
2. Copper
3. Uranium
4. Mercury

Explanation

In-Situ Mining is a rarely used method of mining material. It is also called as solution mining. It is the process of pumping a solution into the ore body, which dissolves the ore and is then extracted by a second pump. This method is used most in mining uranium deposits.

41. _________ sector transforms the raw materials into consumer goods.

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. All the above

Explanation

Secondary sector transforms the raw materials obtained from the primary sector into consumer goods. So it consists of manufacturing and industrial activities.

42. Which sector is known as value addition sector?

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. All the above

Explanation

Since Secondary sector adds value for the raw materials, it is also called as value addition sector. Industries consume large quantities of energy and require factories and machinery to convert the raw materials into goods and products. The secondary sector supports both the primary and tertiary sectors.

43. Assertion(A): Oil refinery factories are established at Visakhapatnam because oil is imported

through Vizag port

Reason(R): Availability of raw materials or nearness to raw materials is a primary factor which

governs location of industries.

1. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
2. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
3. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
4. (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong

Explanation

Availability of raw materials or nearness to raw materials is a primary factor which governs location of industries. An industry is located in a place where raw materials are available in abundance and at cheaper rates. It is more so for the weight loosing and bulky raw materials. For example, oil refinery factories are established at Visakhapatnam because oil is imported through Vizag port.

44. Which of the following units are located near the hydroelectric projects?

1. Copper
2. Aluminium
3. Brass
4. Gold

Explanation

Availability of power is another important factor of concentration or location of industries. In olden days steam was used for running industries. As a result industry is established near the coal mines. But with the invention of electricity, today industries are located in any place where electricity is available. Industries like aluminium units are located near the hydroelectric projects.

45. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Transport costs also influence the location of industries
2. It is economical to start an industry near the area where transport costs are minimum and low.
3. So an industry must be located near the area where the transport costs are minimal.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Transport costs also influence the location of industries. Industries incur transport costs for bringing raw-materials and for sending the finished goods into the markets. It is economical to start an industry near the area where transport costs are minimum and low. Raw-materials which are heavy and occupy large place, require huge cost for transporting them. So an industry must be located near the area where the transport costs are minimal.

46. What is a chief factor governing the location of an industry in modern period?

1. nearness to raw-material
2. Nearness to the market
3. Transport costs
4. None

Explanation

Nearness to the market is a chief factor governing the location of an industry in modern period. Several advantages are secured when an industry is established near the market. Production can be carried on in accordance with the changes in the consumers’ tastes. Economies of transport can be secured in importing raw-materials.

47. Assertion(A): The growth of cotton textile industry near Bombay is due to the availability of

cheap labour

Reason(R): Labour is required for organizing the productive affairs of an industry.

1. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
2. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
3. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
4. (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong

Explanation

Labour is required for organizing the productive affairs of an industry. The entrepreneurs like to start industries in those areas where labour is abundantly available. The growth of cotton textile industry near Bombay is due to the availability of cheap labour

48. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. The policy of government also influences the location of industries.
2. It also provides tax concession, marketing consultancy, export and import facilities.
3. It provides finance, land, water, and transport and communication facilities in backward regions with a view to developing them
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

The policy of government also influences the location of industries. The Government may establish an industry on political considerations by giving several incentives. It provides finance, land, water, and transport and communication facilities in backward regions with a view to developing them. It also provides tax concession, marketing consultancy, export and import facilities. Capital is the most essential factor for the establishment of an industry in a locality

49. Who developed an industrial location emphasising the least cost principle?

1. Van Heusen
2. Sir Thomas Munro
3. Weber
4. Adam Smith

Explanation

Weber has developed an industrial location emphasising the least cost principle. This is based on assumptions relating to transport costs and other conditions. From his theory, industrial locations for three different situations are made clear.

50. Which of the following are the assumptions on Weber’s theory?

1. Some resources are available only in certain regions. Yet, resources such as water are ubiquitous (present everywhere).
2. Markets are found only in specific places.
3. Humans use their discretion in their consumer behaviour in relation to the industrial commodities
4. All the above

Explanation

Assumptions for Weber’s theory of Industrial location:

1. Some resources are available only in certain regions. Yet, resources such as water are ubiquitous (present everywhere). 2. Markets are found only in specific places. 3. Transport costs are determined based on the weight of the raw materials and distance of transfer. 4. There is competition in the markets for the commodities produced at the industry. 5. Humans use their discretion in their consumer behaviour in relation to the industrial commodities. Based on these assumptions, together with the notion of high profits with least costs and imagination, Weber describes his theory of industrial location.

51. Which of the following statement about triangular structure of weber is correct?

1. Weber uses a triangular structure to elaborate on his theory of industrial location using least transport cost principle.
2. The two corners of the triangle defined by the base line represent the places where raw materials are found (R1 and R2).
3. The market (M) is at the apex of the triangle.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Weber uses a triangular structure to elaborate on his theory of industrial location using least transport cost principle. The two corners of the triangle defined by the base line represent the places where raw materials are found (R1 and R2). The market (M) is at the apex of the triangle.

52. Which of the following is not a classification of industry based on ownership?

1. Private sector
2. Public sector
3. Multination
4. Large scale

Explanation

53. Which of the following is an example of large-scale industry?

1. Match box making
2. Cotton textile industry
3. Plastic bag making
4. Oil India Ltd.

Explanation

Industries which employ a large number of labourers with huge capital are called large-scale industries. Cotton and jute textile industries are large scale industries.

54. Which of the following are small scale industry?

1. Match box making
2. nut & bolt making
3. Plastic bag making
4. Oil India Ltd
5. 1, 2, 4
6. 2, 3, 4
7. 1, 3, 4
8. All the above

Explanation

Industries which employ a small number of labourers with small investments are called small scale industries. They include nut & bolt making, coir making, plastic bags industries, dying industry, match box making, weaving industry are some examples for small scale industries.

55. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Those industries whose labour force consists of family units or individuals working at home with their own equipment are called cottage industries.
2. It is a small and often informally organized industry.
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

Cottage Industries whose labour force consists of family units or individuals working at home with their own equipment are called cottage industries. It is a small and often informally organized industry. The industries like weaving and pottery are the examples this category. On the Basis of size of raw-Material and Finished Goods.

56. Which of the following are example of light industries?

1. Iron and steel industry
2. Electric fans
3. sewing machines
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Industries which use heavy and bulky raw-materials and produce products of the same category are called heavy industries. Iron and steel industry presents a good example of heavy industries. The light industries use light raw-materials and produce light finished products. Electric fans, sewing machines are light industries.

57. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Industries owned by individuals or firms such as Bajaj Auto or TISCO situated at Jamshedpur are called private sector industries.
2. Industries owned by the state and its agencies like Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd., or Bhilai Steel Plant or Durgapur Steel Plant are public sector industries.
3. Industries owned jointly by the private firms and the state or its agencies such as Gujarat Alkalies Ltd., or Oil India Ltd. fall in the group of joint sector industries.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

On the basis of Ownership

Private Sector Industries: Industries owned by individuals or firms such as Bajaj Auto or TISCO situated at Jamshedpur are called private sector industries.

Public Sector Industries: Industries owned by the state and its agencies like Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd., or Bhilai Steel Plant or Durgapur Steel Plant are public sector industries.

Joint Sector Industries: Industries owned jointly by the private firms and the state or its agencies such as Gujarat Alkalies Ltd., or Oil India Ltd. fall in the group of joint sector industries.

Co-operative Sector Industries: Industries owned and run co-operatively by a group of people who are generally producers of raw materials of the given industry such as a sugar mill owned and run by farmers are called co-operative sector industries.

58. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. The industries that receive raw materials primarily from minerals such as iron and steel, aluminium and cement industries fall in Mineral Based Industries category.
2. Pastoral-Based Industries depend upon animals for their raw material.
3. Paper card-board, lac, rayon, resin, tanning of leather, leave- utensils, basket industries are included in Forest Based Industries
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Agro-based industries are those industries which obtain raw-material from agriculture. Cotton textile, jute textile, sugar and vegetable oil are representative industries of agro-based group of industries. Mineral Based Industries that receive raw materials primarily from minerals such as iron and steel, aluminium and cement industries fall in this category. Pastoral-Based Industries depend upon animals for their raw material. Hides, skins, bones, horns, shoes, dairy, etc. are some of the pastoral-based industries. Paper card-board, lac, rayon, resin, tanning of leather, leave- utensils, basket industries are included in Forest Based Industries.

59. Which of the following is an industry goods?

1. Soap
2. Iron and steel machines for textile industry
3. Television
4. Biscuits

Explanation

Based on the nature of products it is classified into basic industries and consumer goods. Basic industries are manufacturing goods by using them as raw materials are basic industries. For example Iron and steel machines for textile industry. Consumer industries are producing goods for consumers. For example, Television, soap, biscuits, etc

60. Which of the following is/are Tertiary activities?

1. Health
2. Education
3. Governance
4. Recreation
5. 1, 2, 4
6. 1, 3, 4
7. 2, 3, 4
8. All the above

Explanation

The tertiary industry provides services to its consumers. It is also known as service industry/sector. All types of services and special skills provided in exchange of payments are called tertiary activities. Health, education, law, governance and recreation etc; require professional skills. These services require other theoretical knowledge and practical training. Most of the tertiary activities are performed by skilled workers and professionally trained experts and consultants.

61. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Tertiary activities involve commercial output of services rather than the production of tangible goods
2. Expertise provided by service relies more heavily on special skills, experience and knowledge of the workers rather than on the production techniques, machinery and factory processes.
3. Tertiary sector is further divided into quaternary and quinary sector
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Tertiary activities involve commercial output of services rather than the production of tangible goods. Expertise provided by service relies more heavily on special skills, experience and knowledge of the workers rather than on the production techniques, machinery and factory processes. Trade and commerce, transport, communication and services are the categories of tertiary sector. Tertiary sector is further divided into quaternary and quinary sector.

62. Which of the following is/are example of Quaternary Activities?

1. Libraries
2. Education
3. Mining
4. IT
5. 1, 2, 4
6. 2, 3, 4
7. 1, 3, 4
8. All the above

Explanation

The quaternary sector of the economy consists of intellectual activities, example, libraries, scientific research, education, and information technology. The workforce who is readily involved in this sector is typically well-educated, and people are often seen earning well through their participation in this industry.

63. Which of the following statement about Quinary sector is correct?

1. The professions of the people working in this industry are generally referred to as “blue collar” professions
2. It involves highly paid professionals, research scientists, and government officials.
3. The people are designated with high positions and powers
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Quinary Activities:

The professions of the people working in this industry are generally referred to as “gold collar” professions since the services included in the sector focus on interpretation of existing or the new ideas, evaluation of new technologies, and the creation of services. It involves highly paid professionals, research scientists, and government officials. The people are designated with high positions and powers, and those who make important decisions that are especially far-reaching in the world around them often belong to this category.

64. On which basis World Economic Situation and Prospects classifies (WESP) countries of world?

1. GDP
2. GNP
3. Industrialisation
4. Per Capita Income
5. 1, 2, 3
6. 1, 3, 4
7. 2, 3, 4
8. All the above

Explanation

For analytical purposes, World Economic Situation and Prospects classifies (WESP) all countries of the world into one of three broad categories: developed countries, countries in transition (South-Eastern Europe Commonwealth of Independent States and Georgia) less developed countries and developing countries. The classification of countries is based on the economic status such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP), per capita income, industrialization, the standard of living, etc. Developed Countries refer to the sovereign state, whose economy has highly progressed and possess great technological infrastructure, as compared to other nations.

65. Assertion(A): A developed country is a country that has a developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.

Reason(R): Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.

1. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
2. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
3. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
4. (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong

Explanation

A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or more economically developed country (MEDC), is a country that has a developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.

66. Which of the following is not a developed nation based on GDP, per capita income on 2017?

1. USA
2. UK
3. Spain
4. Pakistan

Explanation

Developed countries have generally postindustrial economies, meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. As of 2015, advanced economies comprise 60.8% of global GDP based on nominal values and 42.9% of global GDP based on purchasing-power parity (PPP) according to the International Monetary Fund. In 2017, the ten largest advanced economies by GDP in both nominal and PPP terms were Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

67. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. A country in transition economy or transitional economy is an economy which is changing from a centrally planned economy to a market economy
2. Transition economies undergo a set of structural transformations intended to develop market-based institutions.
3. The process has been applied in the former Soviet Union and Eastern bloc countries of Europe and some Third world countries, and detailed work has been undertaken on its economic and social effects
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

A country in transition economy or transitional economy is an economy which is changing from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Transition economies undergo a set of structural transformations intended to develop market-based institutions. These include economic liberalization, where prices are set by market forces rather than by a central planning organization. The process has been applied in the former Soviet Union and Eastern bloc countries of Europe and some Third world countries, and detailed work has been undertaken on its economic and social effects.

68. Which of the following are the criteria for least developed nation?

1. Poverty – adjustable criterion based on GNI per capita averaged over three years
2. Human resource weakness
3. Economic vulnerability
4. Ruler who rules the country
5. 1, 2, 4
6. 1, 2, 3
7. 2, 3, 4
8. All the above

Explanation

The Least Developed Countries is a list of countries that, according to the United Nations, exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development Index ratings of all countries in the world. A country is classified among the Least Developed Countries if it meets three criteria. • Poverty – adjustable criterion based on GNI per capita averaged over three years. As of 2018 a country must have GNI per capita less than US$1,025 to be included on the list, and over $1,230 to graduate from it. • Human resource weakness (based on indicators of nutrition, health, education and adult literacy). • Economic vulnerability (based on instability of agricultural production, instability of exports of goods and services, economic importance of non-traditional activities, merchandise export concentration, handicap of economic smallness, and the percentage of population displaced by natural disasters).

69. Which of the following countries economy is largest in the world?

1. China
2. India
3. USA
4. UK

Explanation

The economy of the United States is the largest in the world. At $18 trillion, it represents a quarter share of the global economy (24.3%), according to the latest World Bank figures.

70. Which of the following country follows the first largest economy in the world?

1. USA
2. China
3. UK
4. Russia

Explanation

China follows, with $11 trillion, or 14.8% of the world economy. Japan is in third place with an economy of $4.4 trillion, which represents almost 6% of the world economy. European countries take the next three places on the list: Germany in fourth position, with a $3.3 trillion economy; the United Kingdom in fifth with $2.9 trillion; and France in sixth with $2.4 trillion. India is in seventh place with $2 trillion, and Italy in eighth with an economy of over $1.8 trillion. Ninth place goes to Brazil, with an almost $1.8 trillion economy. And in 10th is Canada, with an economy of over $1.5 trillion. The economy of the United States is larger than the combined economies of numbers three to 10 on the list.

71. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Although China trails the US by $7 trillion, it’s catching up. China’s economy grew by 6.7% in 2016, compared with America’s 1.6%, according to the IMF
2. China has also overtaken India as the fastest-growing large economy.
3. The Asian bloc clearly has a larger share than anywhere else, representing just over a third (33.84%) of global GDP
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. All the above

Explanation

Although China trails the US by $7 trillion, it’s catching up. China’s economy grew by 6.7% in 2016, compared with America’s 1.6%, according to the IMF. It has also overtaken India as the fastest-growing large economy. The IMF’s World Economic Outlook estimated China’s economy grew at 6.7% in 2016, compared with India’s 6.6%. The chart above shows the world’s 40 biggest economies individually, but grouped by colour into continents. The Asian bloc clearly has a larger share than anywhere else, representing just over a third (33.84%) of global GDP. That’s compared to North America, which represents just over a quarter, at 27.95%. Europe comes third with just over one-fifth of global GDP (21.37%). Together, these three blocs generate more than four-fifths (83.16%) of the world’s total output.