Hazards 8th Social Science Lesson 14 Questions in English

8th Social Science Lesson 14 Questions in English

14. Hazards

1. Based on their causes of occurrence Hazards can be broadly classified into how many types?

a) 4

b) 3

c) 2

d) 5

Explanation

Based on their causes of occurrence Hazards can be broadly classified into three types: natural, human-made and socio-natural hazards.

2. Which of the following is not the natural hazards?

a) Pollution of air

b) Floods

c) Drought

d) Landslides

Explanation

These are the results of natural processes and man has no role to play in such hazards. The main examples of natural hazards are earthquakes, floods, cyclonic storms, droughts, landslides, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions.

3. Which of the following is called Quasi-natural hazard?

a) Natural hazard

b) Human hazard

c) Socio-natural hazard

d) None of the above

Explanation

Socio-natural hazards or Quasi-natural hazards: these are caused by the combined effect of natural forces and misdeeds of human.

4. Which of the following statement is correct

1) Human-made hazards are caused by undesirable activities of human.

2) Such hazard does not disturb the safety health, welfare of people and cause damage or destruction to property.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Human-made hazards are caused by undesirable activities of human. It can be the result of an accident, such as an industrial chemical leak or oil spill, or an intentional act. Such hazards can disturb the safety health, welfare of people and cause damage or destruction to property.

5. Which of the following is a serious problem in most big urban areas?

a) Tsunami

b) Explosions

c) Smog

d) Hazardous waste

Explanation

Smog is a serious problem in most big urban areas. The emissions from vehicles and industries, combustion of wood and coal together combined with fog leads to smog.

6. Which of the following is the example of human-made hazards?

a) Landslides

b) Droughts

c) Storm surge

d) Hazardous waste

Explanation

The following are the examples of human-made hazards. They are explosions, hazardous wastes, pollution of air, water and land, dam failures, wars or civil conflicts and terrorism.

7. The frequency and intensity of floods and droughts may increase due to what?

a) Building of roads

b) Indiscriminate felling of trees

c) Excavating tunnels

d) Mining

Explanation

The frequency and intensity of floods and droughts may increase due to indiscriminate felling of trees, particularly in the catchment areas of the rivers.

8. Based on their origin Hazards can be grouped into how many Category?

a) 5

b) 8

c) 4

d) 7

Explanation

Based on their origin Hazards can be grouped into eight categories

9. Which of the following is the not atmospheric hazards?

a) Storm surges

b) Tornadoes

c) Heat wave

d) All the above

Explanation

Atmospheric hazard – Tropical storms, Thunderstorms, Lightning, Tornadoes, Avalanches, Heat waves, Fog and Forest fire.

10. Which of the following is the biological hazards?

a) Chicken pox

b) Fires

c) Killer bees

d) All the above

Explanation

Biological hazard – Chickenpox, Smallpox, AIDS [HIV] and Killer bees.

11. Which is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin?

a) Tsunami

b) Earth quake

c) Volcanic eruption

d) Haboob

Explanation

Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin.

12. Based on these inputs, Bureau of Indian Standards has grouped the country into how many seismic zones?

a) Five

b) Two

c) Four

d) Six

Explanation

Based on these inputs, Bureau of Indian Standards has grouped the country into four seismic zones: Zone II, Zone III, Zone IV and Zone V (No area of India is classified as Zone I).

13. Earthquake prone regions of the country have been identified on the basis of scientific inputs relating to what?

a) Seismicity

b) Tectonic setup of the region

c) Earthquakes occurred in the past

d) All the above

Explanation

Earthquake prone regions of the country have been identified on the basis of scientific inputs relating to seismicity, earthquakes occurred in the past and tectonic setup of the region.

14. Which zone is High level of risk zone?

a) Zone II

b) Zone III

c) Zone IV

d) Zone V

Explanation

1. Zone II – Low level of risk 2. Zone III – Moderate level of risk 3. Zone IV – High level of risk 4. Zone V – Very high level of risk 5. No area of India is classified as Zone I.

15. Region like Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, part of North Bihar comes under which zone?

a) Zone V

b) Zone IV

c) Zone III

d) Zone II

Explanation

Zone V Comprises entire north-eastern India, parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, part of North Bihar and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

16. In which event a part of the earth’s surface gets inundated?

a) Volcanic eruption

b) Storm

c) Drought

d) Flood

Explanation

Flood is an event in which a part of the earth’s surface gets inundated. Heavy rainfall and large waves in seas are the common causes of flood.

17. Which of the following is Seismic hazard?

a) Land subsidence

b) Landslides

c) Tsunami

d) All the above

Explanation

Geologic / Seismic hazard – Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Landslides and Land subsidence.

18. The major causes of floods are classified into how many Types?

a) Three

b) Four

c) Seven

d) Five

Explanation

The major causes of floods are classified into A. Meteorological factors, B. Physical factors C. Human factors.

19. Which of the following is not a Meteorological factor of flood

a) Heavy rainfall

b) Cloud burst

c) Siltation

d) Tropical Cyclones

Explanation

Meteorological factors are i) Heavy rainfall ii) Tropical cyclones iii) Cloud burst

20. Which of the following is not a human factor of flood

a) Deforestation

b) Collapse of dams

c) Inadequate drainage arrangement

d) None of the above

Explanation

Human factors of flood are i) Deforestation ii) Siltation iii) Faulty agricultural practices iv) Faulty irrigation practices v) Collapse of dams vi) Accelerated urbanisation.

21. Which of the following state is not covered by Gangetic plains

a) Punjab

b) Uttar Pradesh

c) West Bengal

d) Maharashtra

Explanation

Gangetic plains covering the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, North Bihar, West Bengal and Brahmaputra valley are the major flood prone areas in north and northeast India.

22. Which of the following region is not prone to flood often

a) Coastal Andhra

b) Southern Gujarat

c) Odisha

d) Manipur

Explanation

Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and southern Gujarat are the other regions which are also prone to flood often.

23. Cyclone rotates in which direction in Northern hemisphere?

a) Clockwise

b) Anti-clockwise

c) Both direction

d) None of the above

Explanation

Cyclonic storm rotates in anti-clockwise direction in Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

24. A cyclonic storm is a strong wind circulating around which area?

a) High pressure area

b) Saturated area

c) Low pressure area

d) Mountain area

Explanation

A cyclonic storm is a strong wind circulating around a Low Pressure area in the atmosphere.

25. Which cyclones are characterized by destructive winds, storm surges and exceptional levels of rainfall, which may cause flooding?

a) Mid latitude cyclone

b) Tropical cyclone

c) Artic cyclone

d) Step cyclone

Explanation

Tropical cyclones are characterized by destructive winds, storm surges and exceptional levels of rainfall, which may cause flooding.

26. What is the maximum wind speed which Tropical cyclones can reach?

a) 185km/h

b) 190km/h

c) 180km/h

d) 200km/h

Explanation

In Tropical cyclones, Wind speed may reach up to 200 km/h and rainfall may record up to 50 cm/day for several consecutive days.

27. A sudden rise of seawater due to tropical cyclone is called ______

a) Tsunami

b) Flood

c) Storm surge

d) Typhoon

Explanation

A sudden rise of seawater due to tropical cyclone is called storm surge. It is more common in the regions of shallow coastal water.

28. Which of the following statement is correct

1) North Odisha and West Bengal coasts areas vulnerable to storm surges

2) Andhra Pradesh coast between Ongole and Machilipatnam areas vulnerable to storm surges

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

East coastal areas vulnerable to storm surges i) North Odisha and West Bengal coasts. ii) Andhra Pradesh coast between Ongole and Machilipatnam. iii) Tamil Nadu coast (among 13 coastal districts, Nagapattinam and Cuddalore districts are frequently affected).

29. Any lack of water to satisfy the normal needs of agriculture, livestock, industry or human population may be termed as ______

a) Deforestation

b) Afforestation

c) Storm

d) Drought

Explanation

Any lack of water to satisfy the normal needs of agriculture, livestock, industry or human population may be termed as a drought.

30. The drought could be classified into how many Types?

a) Four

b) Three

c) Five

d) Two

Explanation

The drought could be classified into three major types as, i) Meteorological drought ii) Hydrological drought iii) Agricultural drought.

31. Which of the following statement is correct

1) The west coast of India is more vulnerable to storm surges than the east coast.

2) The coastal belt around the Gulf of Kutch are western coast of India

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

The west coast of India is less vulnerable to storm surges than the east coast. The west coast areas are i) Maharashtra coast, north of Harnai and adjoining south Gujarat coast and the coastal belt around the Gulf of Cambay. ii) The coastal belt around the Gulf of Kutch.

32. The reduction in rainfall for a specific period below a specific level, result in drought called?

a) Meteorological drought

b) Hydrological drought

c) Agricultural drought

d) Unavoidable drought

Explanation

Meteorological drought: it is a situation where there is a reduction in rainfall for a specific period below a specific level.

33. What are the two types of Hydrological droughts?

a) Rain water drought and surface water drought

b) Surface water drought and Man-Made drought

c) Dry water drought and wet water drought

d) Surface water drought and Groundwater drought

Explanation

Hydrological drought: it is associated with reduction of water in streams, rivers and reservoirs. It is of two types, a) Surface water drought, and b) Groundwater drought.

34. Droughts in India occur in the event of a failure of _______

a) Tropical cyclone

b) Monsoon

c) Mudflow

d) Blizzard

Explanation

Droughts in India occur in the event of a failure of monsoon. Generally monsoon rainfall is uneven in India.

35. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) Some areas receive heavy rainfall while other regions get moderate to low rainfall.

2) The areas which experience low to very low rainfall are affected by drought

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Some areas receive heavy rainfall while other regions get moderate to low rainfall. The areas which experience low to very low rainfall are affected by drought.

36. Which is refers to the condition in which the agricultural crops get affected due to lack of rainfall?

a) Monsoon drought

b) Tropical drought

c) Agricultural drought

d) Uncommon drought

Explanation

Agricultural drought: it refers to the condition in which the agricultural crops get affected due to lack of rainfall.

37. How much percentage of land area is severely affects by drought?

a) 14%

b) 16%

c) 18%

d) 21%

Explanation

About one third area of the country is affected by drought. It severely affects 16% of the land area and 12% of the total population of India.

38. What is the annual rainfall of drought prone regions of India?

a) Less than 35cm

b) Less than 40cm

c) Less than 55cm

d) Less than 60cm

Explanation

The areas that receive an annual rainfall of less than 60 cm are the drought prone regions of India.

39. Which of following is not the drought prone region

a) Kanpur to Jalandhar

b) Leeward side of the Western Ghats

c) Brahmaputra to Bengal

d) Ahmedabad to Kanpur

Explanation

The major areas highly prone to drought are: 1) The arid and semi-arid region from Ahmedabad to Kanpur on one side and from Kanpur to Jalandhar on the other. 2) The dry region lying in the leeward side of the Western Ghats.

40. Which is a rapid downward movement of rock, soil and vegetation down the slope under the influence of gravity?

a) Earthquake

b) Landslides

c) Land failure

d) Fall

Explanation

Landslide is a rapid downward movement of rock, soil and vegetation down the slope under the influence of gravity. Landslides are generally sudden and infrequent.

41. The two major cause of the landslide are steep slope and ______

a) Heavy rainfall

b) Drought surface

c) Weak soil

d) Muddy surface

Explanation

Presence of steep slope and heavy rainfall are the major causes of landslides. Deforestation, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mining, construction of roads and railways over the mountains are the other causes of landslides.

42. What percentage of India’s landmass is prone to landslide hazard?

a) 20%

b) 17%

c) 15%

d) 19%

Explanation

About 15% of India’s landmass is prone to landslide hazard. Landslides are very common along the steep slopes of the Himalayas, the Western Ghats and along the river valleys.

43. Which of the following region in Tamil Nadu are frequently affect by landslide?

a) Kodaikanal

b) Yercaud

c) Yelagiri

d) Kolli hills

Explanation

In Tamil Nadu, Kodaikanal (Dindigul district) and Ooty (The Nilgiris district) are frequently affected by landslides.

44. Which refers to huge ocean waves caused by an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption.?

a) Storm

b) Tsunami

c) Hurricane

d) Sea level rise

Explanation

Tsunami refers to huge ocean waves caused by an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption.

45. What is the speed of Tsunami in which it travels?

a) Between 640 and 960

b) Between 720 and 940

c) Between 600 and 890

d) Between 700 and 990

Explanation

Tsunami is generally noticed in the coastal regions and travel between 640 and 960 km/h. Tsunamis pose serious danger to the inhabitants of the coastal areas.

46. The region like National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, Sikkim, northern parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal come under which earthquake zone?

a) Zone V

b) Zone IV

c) Zone II

d) Zone III

Explanation

Zone IV (High level of risk) Covers remaining parts of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, Sikkim, northern parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, parts of Gujarat and small portions of Maharashtra near the west coast and Rajasthan.

47. The Tsunami derived from which language?

a) Latin

b) Greek

c) Japanese

d) Chinese

Explanation

The word ‘Tsunami’ is derived from Japanese word ‘tsu’ meaning harbour and ‘nami’ meaning wave (Harbour wave).

48. On December 26, 2004, at what magnitude undersea earthquake took place?

a) 8.9

b) 6.4

c) 7.9

d) 9.1

Explanation

On December 26, 2004, at 7:59 a.m. local time, an undersea earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1 struck off the coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

49. Which of the following is not hazardous waste?

a) Flammable hazards

b) Domestic waste

c) Biomedical waste

d) Household hazardous waste

Explanation

The wastes that may or tend to cause adverse health effects on the ecosystem and human beings are called hazardous wastes. The following are the major hazardous wastes i) Radioactive substance ii) Chemicals iii) Biomedical wastes iv) Flammable waste v) Explosives vi) Household hazardous wastes.

50. The region Comprises Kerala, Goa, Lakshadweep Islands, parts of Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar comes under which earthquake zone?

a) Zone V

b) Zone IV

c) Zone III

d) Zone II

Explanation

Zone III (moderate level of risk) Comprises Kerala, Goa, Lakshadweep Islands, remaining parts of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and West Bengal, parts of Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.

51. The wastes resulting from ordnance manufacturing and some industrial gases is called ______

a) Chemicals waste

b) Flammable waste

c) Explosive waste

d) Radioactive waste

Explanation

The wastes resulting from ordnance manufacturing and some industrial gases is called explosive waste.

52. Organic solvents, oils, plasticisers and organic sludges are example of what waste?

a) Chemical waste

b) Flammable waste

c) Explosive waste

d) Radioactive waste

Explanation

Organic solvents, oils, plasticisers and organic sludges are example of flammable waste

53. When Chernobyl nuclear accident happened?

a) 1994

b) 1982

c) 1980

d) 1986

Explanation

Chernobyl (then Soviet Union) nuclear accident was happened on 26th April, 1986.

54. Air is a mixture of several gases, what is the percentage of oxygen in it?

a) 78.09%

b) 20.95%

c) 24.40%

d) 12.02%

Explanation

Air is a mixture of several gases. The main gases are nitrogen (78.09%) for forming products such as, fertilisers for plants and for making the air inert, oxygen (20.95%) for breathing and carbon dioxide (0.03%) for photosynthesis.

55. When atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima(japan)?

a) 1945

b) 1944

c) 1954

d) 1940

Explanation

Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima (Japan) in 1945. Chernobyl nuclear accident radiation emitted was more than 400 times than Hiroshima attack.

56. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) Air pollution is the contamination of the indoor or outdoor air by a range of gases and solids that modify its natural characteristics and percentage

2) Air pollutants can be categorized into primary, Secondary and Territory pollutants.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None of the above

Explanation

Air pollution is the contamination of the indoor or outdoor air by a range of gases and solids that modify its natural characteristics and percentage. Air pollutants can be categorized into primary and secondary pollutants.

57. The Pesticides, waste oil, automobile batteries are Example of which hazardous waste?

a) Radioactive substance

b) Biomedical waste

c) Flammable waste

d) Household hazardous waste

Explanation

Household hazardous wastes are pesticides, waste oil, automobile battery and household battery.

58. In which year, the Ukraine part of Chernobyl nuclear disaster zone was declared as a radiological and environmental biosphere reserve by the government?

a) 2016

b) 2009

c) 2012

d) 2010

Explanation

In 2016, the Ukraine part of Chernobyl nuclear disaster zone was declared as a radiological and environmental biosphere reserve by the government.

59. Which pollutant is not directly emitted as such, but forms when other pollutants react in the atmosphere?

a) Primary pollutant

b) Secondary pollutant

c) Territory pollutant

d) Dependent pollutant

Explanation

A secondary pollutant is not directly emitted as such, but forms when other pollutants (primary pollutants) react in the atmosphere.

60. Which of the following is not primary pollutant

a) Smog

b) Particulate matter

c) Oxides of carbon

d) Oxides of nitrogen

Explanation

A primary pollutant is an air pollutant emitted directly from a source. Primary Pollutants i) Oxides of Sulphur ii) Oxides of Nitrogen iii) Oxides of Carbon iv) Particulate Matter v) Other Primary Pollutants.

61. Hypodermic needles, bandages and outdated drugs are example of which hazardous waste?

a) Chemical hazardous

b) Radioactive substance waste

c) Biomedical waste

d) Household hazardous waste

Explanation

Biomedical wastes are hypodermic needles, bandages and outdated drugs.

62. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) Water pollution may be defined as alteration in the chemical and biological characteristics of water, which do not cause harmful effects in human and aquatic life.

2) In India, water pollution has been taking place on a large scale only for long period.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Water pollution may be defined as alteration in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water, which may cause harmful effects in human and aquatic life. In India, water pollution has been taking place on a large scale and since a long period.

63. Which of the following is not the major cause of water pollution in India

a) Urbanisation

b) Sewages

c) Improper Agricultural practices

d) Glacier Melting

Explanation

The major causes of water pollution in India are: i) Urbanisation ii) Industrial effluents iii) Sewages iv) Agricultural runoff and improper agricultural practices v) Seawater intrusion vi) Solid wastes.

64. Which of the following statement is correct

1) For developing countries like India, prevention less critical components in managing disasters

2) Delayed prevention actions may increase the economic losses.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Delayed prevention actions may increase the economic losses. For developing countries like India, prevention is perhaps the most critical components in managing disasters.

65. Prevention planning consists of vulnerability assessment and _______

a) Hazardous identification

b) Hazardous separation

c) Hazardous circulation

d) Hazardous refutation

Explanation

Prevention is defined as the activities taken to prevent a natural calamity or potential hazard from having harmful effects on either people or economic assets. Prevention planning consists of i) hazard identification, and ii) vulnerability assessment.