Hydrological Cycle 8th Social Science Lesson 7 Questions in English

8th Social Science Lesson 7 Questions in English

7. Hydrological Cycle

1. What is the percentage of water available in earth’s surface?

a) 72%

b) 71%

c) 70%

d) 73%

Explanation

Water is one of the most important elements on earth. About 71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water.

2. Choose the incorrect sentences below.

A] Most of the water on the earth is fresh water.

B] The salt water constitutes about 97.2% of available water.

a) A only

b) B only

c) A and B

d) None of the above

Explanation

Most of the water on earth is saline and it is found in seas and oceans. Salt water contributes 97.2% of available earth water.

3. In what form most of the fresh water is available on earth?

a) Ground water

b) Surface water

c) Lakes and streams

d) Glaciers

Explanation

Fresh water is available only about 2.8% of the available water. From this about 2.15% of fresh water is available in the form of glaciers and ice caps.

4. By which technology water is extracted from the ground?

a) Drilling

b) Evaporation

c) Purification

d) Reverse osmosis

Explanation

The Fresh water is also available in the form of ground water. This can be extracted economically with the present drilling technologies.

5. 2.8 % of the earth’s total available water is _____.

a) Ground water

b) Fresh water

c) Salt water

d) Glaciers and ice caps

Explanation

On the total available water in the earth 97.2% of the water is saline water which is not meant for human consumption. The fresh water availability is 2.8% of the total water content.

6. Match the available 2.8% fresh water into various categories.

A. 2.15% 1. Lakes

B. 0.6% 2. Glaciers and Ice caps

C. 0.25% 3. Ground water

a) 231

b) 321

c) 123

d) 213

Explanation

Out of the 2.8% fresh water about 2.15% is available in the form of glaciers and icecaps. 0.01% is available in lakes and streams.0.25% is available as ground water.

7. Which is not the available form of water sources in India?

a) Precipitation

b) Surface water

c) Drizzle

d) Ground water

Explanation

Water resources are useful or potentially useful to humans. Water in India is available in three sources. They are precipitation, surface water and ground water.

8. What are the various aspects of water is considered on earth?

a) Occurrence

b) Distribution

c) Movement

d) All the above

Explanation

Hydrology is the science deals with various aspects of water such as its occurrence, distribution, movement and properties on the planet earth.

9. Assertion (A): The water cycle is considered as an open system.

Reasoning (R): The quantity of water involve in cycle is invariable.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is False but R is True

d) Both A and R are False.

Explanation

The Hydrological cycle can be considered as a closed system for the earth, as the quantity of water involved in the cycle is invariable. Hydrological cycle is a global sun-driven process where water is transported from ocean to atmosphere and to land and back from land to oceans.

10. From which water form evaporation process takes place?

a) Surface water

b) Fresh water

c) Ground water

d) Glaciers

Explanation

Evaporation takes place from the surface water and the transpiration from the plants.

11. How many phases of hydrological cycle are available naturally?

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4

d) 5

Explanation

Hydrological cycle is a continuous process of water. The three important phases are Evapotranspiration, precipitation, runoff.

12. Hydrological cycle is a ________ of water.

a) Circulation

b) Accumulation

c) Precipitation

d) Evolution

Explanation

Hydrological cycle is a circulation of water.it is a continuous process which involves three important phases.

13. Which is not the key component in hydrological cycle?

a) Condensation

b) Infiltration

c) Runoff

d) Reversing

Explanation

There are six main components in hydrological cycle are Evapotranspiration, condensation, Precipitation, Infiltration, percolation, runoff.

14. What is the main factor which affects the rate of evaporation?

a) Temperature

b) Climate

c) Rainfall

d) Evaporation

Explanation

Evaporation refers to process in which liquid form of water is changes into gaseous form. Temperature is the prime element which affects the rate of evaporation.

15. What is the contribution of Evaporation and Transpiration process in the atmosphere?

a) 90% and 10%

b) 10% and 90%

c) 40% and 60%

d) 60% and 40%

Explanation

Many of the studies reveal that the oceans , seas and lakes provide nearly 90% of the moisture in the atmosphere through evaporation and the remaining 10% is contributed by plants through transpiration.

16. The Depending of evaporation increases with

a) Decrease in wind speed

b) Increase in temperature

c) Increase in Humidity

d) Decrease in areal extent of water bodies.

Explanation

The rate of evaporation increases with increase in wind speed and temperature. Decrease in humidity and increase in areal extent of surface water bodies.

17. What is the actual boiling temperature of water?

a) 212deg F

b) 32 deg F

c) 0deg F

d) 100deg F

Explanation

Water boils at 100deg Celsius but it actually begins to evaporate at 0deg Celsius or 32deg F.

18. Which does not affect the transpiration process?

a) Nature of the plant

b) Agriculture Environment

c) Soil ability

d) Rainfall

Explanation

The rate of transpiration is affected by the temperature, wind, and humidity. The agriculture crop characteristics and the cultivation process also involved in this process.

19. Which process converts the liquid form of water to gaseous state?

a) Condensation

b) Evaporation

c) Transpiration

d) Runoff

Explanation

Condensation refers to the process in which the gaseous form of water changes into liquid form.

20. Which process is the reason for formation of clouds?

a) Condensation

b) Transpiration

c) Infiltration

d) Percolation

Explanation

Condensation is responsible for the formation of clouds. These clouds produce precipitation which is primary for earth’s water cycle.

21. Which is not a form of condensation?

a) Dew

b) Ice

c) Clouds

d) Fog

Explanation

Dew, fog and clouds are the three major forms of condensation. Condensation is the opposite of evaporation.

22. In what range the size of droplets are measured?

a) Nano

b) Microns

c) Meter

d) Millis

Explanation

A cloud consists of tiny water droplets or ice particles. The size of droplets range from a couple of microns to 100 microns. Mist is the tiny droplets of water hanging in the air. These droplets from the air are rapidly cooled causing it to change from invisible gas to visible water droplets.

23. What is the cause of precipitation in earth’s surface?

a) Cloud droplets

b) Ice crystals

c) Small droplets

d) All of the above

Explanation

Precipitation refers to all forms of water fall from clouds and reaches the earth. For the occurrence of this precipitation cloud droplets or ice crystals and small droplets are needed.

24. What is the fog criterion for aviation purposes?

a) Less than 10km

b) More than 10 km

c) Not more than 10 km

d) 10 km

Explanation

Fog is suspended tiny water droplets or ice crystals in an air layer next to earth’s surface that reduce the visibility. For aviation purposes the criterion for fog is 10km or less.

25. At what temperature frost is formed?

a) Below freezing temperature

b) Above freezing temperature

c) Above boiling temperature

d) Below boiling temperature

Explanation

The ice crystals formed by deposition of water vapors on a cold surface of an object is known as frost. It forms when the temperature of an object drops below the freezing point of temperature.

26. What is the most common kind of precipitation?

a) Rain

b) Sleet

c) Freezing rain

d) Hail

Explanation

The most common form of precipitation is rain. The other common types of precipitation include sleet, Freezing rain, hail and snow.

27. Where does the drizzle start from?

a) Stratus clouds

b) Cumulonimbus clouds

c) Cirrus clouds

d) Altocumulus clouds

Explanation

The rain drops with <0.5mm in diameter is known as drizzle and it takes place from stratus clouds.

28. If the size of water droplet is >0.5mm in diameter it is called as?

a) Drizzle

b) Rain

c) Hail

d) Freezing rain

Explanation

The most common form of precipitation is rain. Rain drops with >0.5mm in diameter is known as rain.

29. Name the precipitation which is in the mixed form of water droplets and ice?

a) Freezing rain

b) Frost

c) Sleet

d) Hail

Explanation

The precipitation which takes place in the form of mixture of water droplets and tiny particles of ice is known as Sleet.

30. Match

A. Hail 1. >0.5mm

B. Sleet 2. <0.5mm

C. Rain 3. >5mm

D. Drizzle 4. 5mm

a) 3412

b) 2341

c) 1234

d) 4231

Explanation

The precipitation in which the size of rain drops are <0.5mm in diameter is known as drizzle and the rain drops with >0.5mm is known as rain. The sleet consists of mixture of water droplets and ice particles of 5mm in diameter. Ice pellets which are larger than 5mm in diameter is called as hail or hailstones.

31. Where does the water droplets of freezing rain start to freeze?

a) Near ground

b) Near cold surface

c) In the air

d) Below 0deg C

Explanation

Usually rain drops falling through cold air near the ground do not freeze in the air. Instead the raindrops freeze when they touch a cold surface.

32. Hailstones are ____ pellets of ice.

a) Thick

b) Round

c) Small

d) Dark

Explanation

The precipitation which consists of round pellets of ice which are larger than 5mm in diameter is called Hail or Hailstones.

33. From which of these clouds hailstones are formed?

a) Cumulonimbus clouds

b) Nimbostratus clouds

c) Stratus clouds

d) Cirrus clouds

Explanation

Hail forms only in cumulonimbus clouds during thunderstorms. Hailstones start as an ice pellet inside a cold region of a cloud.

34. Which form of precipitation is found in polar and mountainous region?

a) Hail

b) Freezing rain

c) Ice

d) Snow

Explanation

Water vapors in a cloud are converted directly into snow pieces due to lowering of temperature. It is common in polar and mountainous region.

35. What is the general form of Snow?

a) Thin cover of Ice

b) Glaciers

c) Powdery mass of ice

d) None of the above

Explanation

The precipitation in the form of powdery mass of ice is known as Snowfall or snow.

36. On which condition does the water vapors is converted directly to snow?

a) Low temperature

b) Freezing point

c) Normal temperature

d) Near the atmosphere

Explanation

Water vapors in a cloud are converted directly into snow pieces due to lowering of temperature. It appears like a powdery mass of ice.

37. Which form of precipitation is used for plants and organisms?

a) Ice

b) Hailstones

c) Drizzle

d) Infiltration

Explanation

Infiltration allows the soil temporarily to store water. This is available for plants and organisms in the soil.

38. Which does not affect the rate of infiltration?

a) Vegetative cover

b) Sunlight

c) Moisture of soil

d) Rainfall intensity

Explanation

The rate of infiltration is influenced by the physical characteristics of the soil, vegetative cover, moisture of the soil and temperature and also the rainfall intensity.

39. Assertion (A): Cloud droplets grow large in size.

Reasoning(R): Cloud droplets collect small water droplets to fall as raindrops.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is False but R is True

d) Both A and R are False

Explanation

Cloud droplets or ice crystals grow large in size so as to fall through the air. While moving down by collecting some small droplets they become heavy enough to fall out as raindrops.

40. Choose the correct statements

A. Some of the infiltration water returns to surface through springs.

B. Percolation is upward movement of infiltrated water.

a) A only

b) B only

c) A and B

d) None of the above

Explanation

Water entering the soil at surface of the ground is infiltration .This process is important where rain water soaks into the ground. Some of the water ultimately returns to the surface through springs or low spot down hills.

41. Which form of precipitation is the real ground water?

a) Rain

b) Drizzle

c) Infiltration

d) Percolation

Explanation

Percolation is the downward movement of infiltrated water through soil and rock layers. This moves the water through the soil profile and rock layers which leads to the formation of ground water.

42. Percolation represents the water flow from ____ to ______ zone.

a) Cloud , surface

b) Atmosphere , Cloud

c) Unsaturated , saturated

d) Saturated , unsaturated

Explanation

The percolation process represents the flow of water from unsaturated zone to the saturated zone.

43. Which pulls the water to earth’s surface?

a) Soil

b) Gravity

c) Temperature

d) Moisture

Explanation

Runoff is the water that is pulled by gravity across lands surface. It comes from unabsorbed water from rain, snowmelt and other sources.

44. Percolation process makes the water to become a part of ______ run-off process.

a) Surface

b) Subsurface

c) Soil

d) Rocks

Explanation

Percolation process moves the infiltrated water through the soil profile and rock layers to form ground water or become a part of sub-surface runoff process.

45. Which form majorly contributes to the erosion in landforms?

a) Runoff

b) Percolation

c) Infiltration

d) Sleet

Explanation

Runoff is also a major contributor to the erosion which carves out canyons, gorges and related landforms.

46. Which are the dependent factors for the amount of run off?

a) Porosity of soil

b) Vegetation

c) Slope

d) All the above

Explanation

The amount of runoff that can happen depends on the amount of rainfall, porosity of soil, vegetation and slope.

47. What is the ratio percentage of precipitation which ends in sea and absorbed into soil?

a) 50%, 50%

b) 35%, 65%

c) 65%,35%

d) 701%,30%

Explanation

Only 35% of precipitation ends up in the sea or ocean and the remaining 65% is absorbed into the soil.

48. By which characteristics the runoffs are classified?

a) Instance of rainfall

b) Generation of run off

c) A and B

d) Only A

Explanation

Base on the time interval between the instance of rainfall and generation of runoff it may be classified into 3types.

49. On what conditions surface run off occurs?

a) Long rainfall

b) Heavy rainfall

c) Exceeded rate of infiltration

d) All the above

Explanation

Surface runoff is the portion of rainfall enters the stream after immediately after the rainfall. It occurs when the rainfall is longer, heavier and exceeds the rate of infiltration.

50. State the other name of sub-surface runoff?

a) Interflow

b) Intra flow

c) Sub flow

d) Surface flow

Explanation

The sub-surface runoff is usually referred as interflow.

51. To which place does the Base flow ends?

a) Un Saturated water zone

b) Water channel

c) Saturated water zone

d) Sub surface

Explanation

Base flow is a flow of underground water from a saturated ground water zone to a water channel.

52. Match

A. Evaporation 1. Cm/hour

B. Infiltration 2. Cubic feet

C. Runoff rate 3. Inches

D. Storage 4. Cubic feet per second

a) 3142

b) 2341

c) 4231

d) 1324

Explanation

• The units of the measurement in hydrology cycle.

• Evaporation/interception- inches (or) cm

• Infiltration- inches (or) cm/hour

• Runoff rate-Cubic feet per second

• Storage- cubic feet (or) acre feet

Warm air can hold more water vapor than the cool air.