Natural Disasters – Public Awareness For Disaster Risk Reduction 11th Geography Lesson 6 Questions in English

11th Geography Lesson 6 Questions in English

6] Natural Disasters – Public Awareness For Disaster Risk Reduction

1. Which of the followings are reasons for rising of natural disasters

1. Population growth

2. Unplanned urbanization

3. Environmental degradation,

4. Scarce resources

5. Climate change

6. Disease epidemics

7. Poverty

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

B) 2, 3, 5, 6, 7

C) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6

D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Explanation

On an average, 232 million people are affected by different types of disasters every year. In recent years disaster risks have been on the rise due to factors such as population growth, unplanned urbanization, environmental degradation, conflicts and competition for scarce resources, climate change, disease epidemics, poverty and pressure from development within high-risk zones. Hence, disaster risk reduction is the need of hour.

2. How many counties signed the Hyogo Framework for Action

A) 148

B) 156

C) 168

D) 192

Explanation

Recognizing the importance of Disaster Risk Reduction in 2005, 168 governments and all leading development and humanitarian actors signed the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)

3. 168 governments signed the Hyogo Framework for Action committing themselves to a period of

A) 20

B) 10

C) 15

D) 25

Explanation

Recognizing the importance of Disaster Risk Reduction in 2005, 168 governments and all leading development and humanitarian actors signed the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), committing themselves to a ten-year multi-stakeholder and multi-sector plan to invest in disaster risk reduction as a means to building disaster-resilient societies.

4. Find out the correct statement about reducing the risk during disasters

1. Public awareness campaigns can be started modestly and tailored to meet the needs of specific populations and target groups

2. These approaches can be integrated into almost all existing initiatives, whenever and wherever they take place

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

These approaches can be integrated into almost all existing initiatives, whenever and wherever they take place. They can build on and support existing volunteer mobilization and peer-to-peer communications. To support this, it requires strong and unified disaster reduction messages and clear and targeted information, education and communication materials.

5. Which of the following are key approaches to public awareness for disaster risk reduction?

a) Campaigns

b) Participatory learning

c) Informal education

d) Formal school based interventions

A) a, b, c

B) b, c, d

C) a, c, d

D) a, b, c, d

Explanation

There are four key approaches to public awareness for disaster risk reduction: Campaigns, participatory learning, informal education, and formal school based interventions.

6. Find out the correct statements

1. The focus of formal school-based interventions cover two areas

2. School disaster management and disaster risk reduction in school curricula

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

The focus of formal school-based interventions cover two areas: school disaster management and disaster risk reduction in school curricula. These are considered to be formal because accountability and responsibility for school safety and curricula belong exclusively to education authorities, so they require support for long-term planning and capacity building.

7. Find out the incorrect statement

1. The primary goals of school disaster management are to ensure the safety of students and staff.

2. Sustained school disaster management requires the familiar participatory and ongoing identification of hazards and risks

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

The primary goals of school disaster management are to ensure the safety of students and staff. Sustained school disaster management requires the familiar participatory and ongoing process of identification of hazards and risks, mitigation and reduction of risks, and developing response capacity.

8. Every school has to setup which of the following school disaster committees?

1. Coordination Committees

2. Awareness generation Team

3. Search Rescue and Evacuation Team

4. Site safety Team

5. First Aid Team

A) 2, 3, 4, 5

B) 1, 2, 3, 4

C) 1, 3, 5, 4

D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Explanation

A school disaster management plan, developed at the school level, should be the living document that expresses the awareness of public for disaster risk reduction. Every school has to setup the following school disaster committees: 1. Coordination Committees, 2. Awareness generation Team, 3. Search Rescue and Evacuation Team, 4. Site safety Team, 5. First Aid Team, 6. Warning and Information Team, 7. Bus safety Team, 8. Water / Food Arrangement Team. All the teams should participate in the mock drill.

9. Find out the correct statements

1. An earthquake is sudden, rapid shaking of the ground

2. An earthquake is caused by the shifting of rocks beneath the earth’s surface.

3. Earthquakes strike suddenly with warning and can occur at any time.

4. The impacts of the earthquakes include deaths, injuries and damage of property

A) 1, 2, 3

B) 1, 2, 4

C) 2, 3, 4

D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation

An earthquake is sudden, rapid shaking of the ground caused by the shifting of rocks beneath the earth’s surface. Earthquakes strike suddenly without warning and can occur at any time. The impacts of the earthquakes include deaths, injuries and damage of property

10. Find out the correct statement

1. Mock drills form a vital part of the school disaster management process, and provide an intensive learning experience.

2. They should be followed by reflection and assessment by all members of the school community

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Mock drills form a vital part of the school disaster management process, and provide an intensive learning experience. They should be followed by reflection and assessment by all members of the school community. Lessons learned are incorporated into the school disaster management plan, and goals set for improvement next time. Depending on hazards faced, there are several major types of drills that can be practiced.

11. Gorkha earthquake happened in?

A) Myanmar

B) Japan

C) Gujarat

D) Nepal

Explanation

The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing 21 people making April 25, 2015 the deadliest day on Nepal’s history. The earthquake triggered another huge avalanche in the Langtang Valley, where 250 people were reported missing

12. Nepal – Bihar earthquake happened in the year?

A) 1943

B) 1923

C) 1934

D) 1938

Explanation

The April 2015 Nepal Earthquake (also known as the Gorkha Earthquake) killed nearly 9,000 people and injured nearly 22,000. It occurred on 25 April, with a magnitude of 8.1 Richter scale. Its epicentre was east of Gorkha District at Barpak. It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake

13. Which of the followings are rules of actions during an earthquake

1. Stay calm, do not panic.

2. If you are in a building, sit down on the floor under a table or any other furniture and firmly hold on to it until the earthquake has stopped.

3. If there is no table nearby, cover your face and head with your hands and sit on the floor in a corner of the room.

4. Keep away from glass windows, glass doors and things that can fall down

A) 1, 3, 4

B) 2, 3, 4

C) 1, 2, 3

D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation

Do not try to leave the building quickly; during earthquakes people mostly die because they try to run out of the building and become trapped under ruins if the building is destroyed. Do not go to the staircase, a balcony or an elevator. If you are in the street, keep away from buildings; try to get into an open space and avoid power transmission lines. If you are at home, turn off electrical equipment and gas quickly. If you are in chemistry class or a laboratory where chemicals are stored, try to leave the room because chemicals may cause injuries these all are some other rules to be followed during an earthquake

14. Which of the following rules to be followed after earthquake

1. Check if there is fire; in case of a mild one try to extinguish it.

2. Be cautious about the possibility of gas leakage and damage caused to electrical wiring.

3. Be careful while opening wardrobe doors to take necessary item

4. Use only lanterns; do not use an oil lamp or a candle.

5. Listen to the radio to receive information about the earthquake

A) 1, 2, 3

B) 2, 3, 4, 5

C) 1, 3, 4, 5

D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Explanation

Some other rules to be followed after an earthquake are: First check if you have any injuries, and then check the condition of the surrounding people. If you cannot do this, wait for the rescue team. After the earthquake when you leave the shelter, do not return for 2-3 hours because the quakes may repeat (an aftershock).

15. Which of the following causes landslide

1. Rainfall

2. Snowmelt

3. Stream erosion

4. Flood

5. Earthquakes

A) 2, 3, 4

B) 1, 2, 3, 4

C) 2, 3, 4, 5

D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Explanation

Landslides can be caused by rainfall, snowmelt, stream erosion, and flood, earthquakes, volcanic activity, disturbance by human activities, or any combination of these factors.

16. Find out the correct statement

1. A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of water down a slope.

2. Landslides are caused by the direct influence rain

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock debris down a slope. Landslides are caused by the direct influence of gravity. Landslides cause property damage, injury and death and adversely affect a variety of resources. For example, water supplies, fisheries, sewage disposal systems, forests, dams and roadways can be affected.

17. Which of the following to be observed during landslide

1. Be alert especially when driving. Embankments along roadsides are particularly susceptible to landslides.

2. Disconnect the power supply in the areas of landslide.

3. Listen for any unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris, such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together.

A) 1, 2

B) 2, 3

C) 1, 3, 2

D) 1, 3

Explanation

Other rule- If you are near a river, be alert for any sudden increase or decrease in water flow and for a change from clear to muddy water. Such changes may indicate landslide activity upstream, so be prepared to move quickly.

18. Which of the following should be done after landslide?

1. Direct rescuers to their locations.

2. Listen to local radio or television for the latest emergency information

3. Watch for flooding, which may occur after a landslide or debris flow.

A) 2, 3

B) 1, 2, 3

C) 1, 3

D) 1, 2

Explanation

Other rules – 1. Stay away from the slide area. There may be danger of additional slides. 2. Check for injured and trapped persons near the slide, without entering the direct slide area.

19. India has a coastline of about ____ km?

A) 7516

B) 7416

C) 7856

D) 7575

Explanation

The major natural disaster that affects the coastal regions of India is cyclone and as India has a coastline of about 7516 km

20. Find out the correct answer

A) India is exposed to nearly 20 percent of the world’s tropical cyclones

B) India is exposed to nearly 30 percent of the world’s tropical cyclones

C) India is exposed to nearly 10 percent of the world’s tropical cyclones

D) India is exposed to nearly 40 percent of the world’s tropical cyclones

Explanation

The major natural disaster that affects the coastal regions of India is cyclone and as India has a coastline of about 7516 km; it is exposed to nearly 10 percent of the world’s tropical cyclones

21. Find out the correct statement

1. About 71 percent of flood prone areas are in twenty states.

2. The islands of Andaman Nicobar and Lakshadweep are not prone to cyclones.

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

About 71 percent of flood prone areas are in ten states. The islands of Andaman Nicobar and Lakshadweep are also prone to cyclones.

22. Which of the following states are prone to flood?

1. Gujarat

2. Maharashtra

3. Goa

4. Karnataka

5. Kerala

6. Tamil Nadu

7. Assam

8. Mizoram

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8

B) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

C) 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1

D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Explanation

About 71 percent of flood prone areas are in ten states (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal)

23. Tamil Nadu has how many coastal districts?

A) 13

B) 14

C) 15

D) 12

Explanation

All the 14 coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu are affected by cyclonic storms which occur during May – June and in October-November months. These Districts are: Tiruvallur, Chennai, Kancheepuram, Chengalpattu, Villupuram, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Thanjavur, Pudukkottai, Ramanathapuram, Tuticorin, Tirunelveli and Kanniyakumari.

24. On an average, about _____ tropical cyclones form in the Bay of Bengal?

A) 6 or 7

B) 5 or 6

C) 7 or 8

D) 2 or 4

Explanation

On an average, about five or six tropical cyclones form in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea and hit the coast every year. Out of these, two or three are severe.

25. The ratio of occurrence of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea is

A) 3:1

B) 5:2

C) 4:1

D) 2:1

Explanation

When a cyclone approaches to the coast, a risk of serious loss or damage occurs from severe winds, heavy rainfall, storm surges and river floods. The effect of a storm surge is most pronounced in wide and shallow bays exposed to cyclones such as in the northern part of Bay of Bengal. Most cyclones occur in the Bay of Bengal followed by those in the Arabian Sea and the ratio is approximately 4:1.

26. During the cyclonic of cyclonic storms, wind speed is between

A) 55 km/h and 197 km/h

B) 65 km/h and 117 km/h

C) 75 km/h and 117 km/h

D) 85 km/h and 217 km/h

27. Which of the followings are rules of action before cyclone?

1. Go to high-lying places from low-lying areas

2. Keep in ready all the first-aid kit and material available with you.

3. Keep in stock foodstuffs, material, fuel, drinking water and life-saving drugs needed for the next week.

4. It is also important to take cattle and other pets to safer places

A) 2, 3, 4

B) 1, 2, 3

C) 1, 2, 3, 4

D) 1, 3, 4

Explanation

Other rules – Those residing in old buildings should temporarily relocate to safer buildings; Jewels and documents should be kept in safe custody. Battery-operated radio, plastic torchlight, lamp, kerosene, match-box should be kept safely for future use

28. Which of the followings are rules of action during a cyclone?

1. If you are in a building during a strong gust, it is necessary to close and fasten windows and doors. It is better to stay in the rooms.

2. Turn off all electrical devices.

3. Protect yourself with your hands or a scarf. Protect the eyes, nose and mouth from dust

A) 2, 3

B) 1, 2

C) 1, 2, 3

D) 1, 3

Explanation

Other rules – If you are in a wildlife area, try to find a place protected from the wind. If there is no such place nearby, lie down on the ground. If you are in a car it is better to stay there and close the windows. Do not park the car under unstable objects that can break down and fall on the car.

29. Which of the following should be observed after a cyclone

1. Turn off electricity, gas and water and unplug all electric appliances.

2. Beware of snakes and other animals immediately after the cyclone.

3. Do not go for sightseeing

4. Stay away from damaged power lines, falling trees and flood water.

A) 2, 3, 4

B) 1, 2, 3

C) 1, 3, 4

D) 1, 2, 3, 4

30. Flood results in the outbreak of serious epidemics. They are?

1. Fever

2. Malaria

3. Typhoid

4. Cholera

A) 1, 2

B) 2, 3

C) 2, 4

D) 4, 1

Explanation

Flood destructions have always brought miseries to numerous people, especially in rural areas. Flood results in the outbreak of serious epidemics, specially malaria and cholera. Simultaneously, scarcity of water also arises. It has a drastic effect on agricultural produce. Sometimes, water remains standing over large areas for long span of time hampering the Rabi crop

31. Find out the correct statement

1. India is one of the most flood prone countries in the world

2. The average rainfall in India is 3,150 mm with significant variation across the country

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

India is one of the most flood prone countries in the world. The principal reasons for flood lie in the very nature of natural ecological systems in this country, namely, the monsoon, the highly silted river systems and the steep highly erodible mountains, particularly those of the Himalayan ranges. The average rainfall in India is 1,150 mm with significant variation across the country

32. The annual rainfall along the western coast and the Western Ghats and over most of the Brahmaputra valley amounts to more than?

A) 3500 mm

B) 2500 mm

C) 1500 mm

D) 4500 mm

Explanation

The annual rainfall along the western coast and the Western Ghats, Khasi hills and over most of the Brahmaputra valley amounts to more than 2,500 mm.

33. Find out the correct statement

1. Roughly one fifth of the India’s geographical area, is prone to floods.

2. The National Flood Control Program was launched in the country in 1952.

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Twenty-three of the states (29) and union territories (6) in the country are subject to floods and 40 million hectares of land, roughly one eighth of the country’s geographical area, is prone to floods. The National Flood Control Program was launched in the country in 1954.

34. Find out the incorrect answer

1. Cyclone vardha is a temperate cyclone

2. Cyclone vardha hitted Chennai on 2015

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Tropical Cyclone Vardha hit Chennai on 12 December, 2016. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) reports that at least 10 people have died in Tamil Nadu. Maximum sustained wind speeds of over 130 km/h were recorded, and the storm has caused severe damage to parts of the city of Chennai. Over 4,000 trees have been uprooted, power lines downed and buildings damaged.

35. Which of the following should be done before flood?

1. Keep your mobile charged

2. Listen to radio or watch television for the latest weather bulletin and flood warnings.

3. Keep strong ropes, a lantern, battery operated torches, extra batteries ready.

4. Keep umbrellas and bamboo sticks with you for protection from snakes.

A) 1, 2, 3

B) 2, 3, 4

C) 1, 2, 4

D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation

Other rules – Keep furniture and electrical appliances on beds and tables. Put sandbags in the toilet bowl and cover all drain holes to prevent sewage back flow.

36. Find out the correct statement

1. Drought is a period of time during which a part of the land has shortage of rain, causing severe damage to the soil, crops, animals, and people.

2. It sometimes causes even death

3. During drought high temperature is experienced

A) 2, 3

B) 1, 3

C) 1, 2, 3

D) 1, 2

Explanation

Drought is a period of time (months or years) during which a part of the land has shortage of rain, causing severe damage to the soil, crops, animals, and people. It sometimes causes even death. During drought high temperature is experienced. Such conditions may affect our health. The primary cause of drought is deficiency of rainfall and in particular, the timing, distribution and intensity

37. In India around ____ percent of the country is prone to drought?

A) 45 %

B) 89 %

C) 68 %

D) 23 %

Explanation

In India around 68 percent of the country is prone to drought. Of the entire area 35 percent receives rain falls between 750 mm and 1,125 mm which is considered drought prone.

38. Chronically drought prone zone receive rainfall less than

A) 610 mm

B) 450 mm

C) 750 mm

D) 650 mm

Explanation

While 33 percent areas in India receive rainfalls less than 750 mm is considered to be chronically drought prone.

39. Consider the following statements, find the correct answer

1. Rainwater harvesting should be followed.

2. Sewage water should be recycled and used for domestic purpose.

3. Building canals or redirecting rivers for irrigation.

4. Utilize water economically.

A) During drought

B) After drought

C) Before drought

D) During cyclone

40. Consider the following statements, find out the correct answer associated with it

1. Wear cotton clothing and a hat.

2. In case of overheating, immediately move to a shady area.

3. Consume adequate amounts of water stay.

A) Flood

B) Lightening

C) Drought

D) Earthquake

Explanation

1. Wear cotton clothing and a hat. 2. In case of overheating, immediately move to a shady area. 3. Consume adequate amounts of water stay are the rules should be followed during drought.

41. Find out the incorrect statement

1. Lightning is an atmospheric electrostatic discharge (spark) accompanied by thunder,

2. Lightning generates 10-50 ampere current

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Lightning is an atmospheric electrostatic discharge (spark) accompanied by thunder, which typically occurs during thunderstorms, and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or dust storms. Lightning generates 10-20 ampere current and it is therefore fatal. It is especially dangerous for people in an open area.

42. Find out the correct statement about lightening

1. Lightning strikes often have fatal consequences.

2. On an average, 2000 people die from lightning in the world every year.

3. Lightning mostly strikes tall things, such as trees that break down and catch fire

4. It may strike power transmission lines

A) 1, 2, 3

B) 2, 3, 4, 1

C) 1, 2, 4

D) 1, 3, 4

Explanation

Lightning strikes often have fatal consequences. On an average, 2000 people die from lightning in the world every year. Lightning mostly strikes tall things, such as trees that break down and catch fire or it may strike power transmission lines and antennas fastened on roofs and buildings which causing fire

43. The air temperature, when lightning occurs, is as hot as____?

A) 8982.2 °C

B) 7982.2 °C

C) 9982.2 °C

D) 6982.2 °C

Explanation

Thunder is the sound caused by lightning. A charged, superheated lightning bolt creates a “resonating tube” as it travels. The air in the tube rapidly expands and contracts causing vibrations that we hear as the rumble of thunder.

44. You can hear thunder from about _____ km of its starting point?

A) 20

B) 10

C) 16

D) 18

Explanation

Lightning strikes can explode a tree. Imagine 15 million volts of electricity hitting a tree branch. The heat travels through the tree, vaporizing its sap and creating steam that causes the trunk to explode.

45. Find out the correct statement

1. Lightning bolts travel at the speed of up to 60,000 km / second.

2. The average length of a single lightning bolt is 3-8 km

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Lightning bolts travel at the speed of up to 80,000 km / second. The average length of a single lightning bolt is 3-4km

46. Find out the correct statement

1. Lightning flashes more than 5 million times a day worldwide

2. Lightning flashes 40 times a second worldwide.

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Lightning flashes more than 3 million times a day or 40 times a second worldwide.

47. Find out the correct statement

1. Lightning strikes can explode a tree.

2. An average lightning bolt can release enough energy to operate a 100-watt light bulb for more than three months

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

An average lightning bolt can release enough energy to operate a 100-watt light bulb for more than three months straight (about 250 kilowatt-hours of energy).

48. Sound speed travels on average about 1km every ___ seconds

A) 7

B) 5

C) 3

D) 6

Explanation

It is good if you can estimate the distance to the front line of a thunderstorm. In order to do this you must check the time interval from the moment you see the lightning until you hear thunder. Lightning always precedes thunder. We know that the sound speed travels on average about 1km every 3 seconds. Reduction of the time interval between the sight of lightning and the resulting thunder means that the danger is approaching and protective measures must be taken.

49. Which of the following should be observed during lightning?

1. It is necessary to turn off the telephone, TV set, and other electrical equipment because lightning may strike electrical cables and pass through wiring.

2. Do not take a shower because both water and metal conduct electricity.

3. Do not light the fireplace because the heat coming from the chimney may attract lightning

A) 1, 2

B) 2, 3

C) 1, 3

D) 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Other rules – It is better to stay away from electric wires, lightning rods, water pipes, antennas and windows. It is dangerous to stand or lie down on the ground, because this increases the exposure area.

50. It is better to stay ___ meters away from tree during lightning

A) 50-60

B) 30-40

C) 10-20

D) 90-100

Explanation

If you are in an open area during a thunderstorm, do not stand under a tall tree. Lighting is most damaging for tall trees. It is better to stay 30-40 meters away from them. Avoid trees that are standing separately.

51. Which of the following does not strike by lightning?

A) Trees

B) Tall buildings

C) Bushes

D) None of the above

52. Find out the correct rules to be followed during lightning

1. Must stand under an umbrella.

2. Start run during the occurrence of lightning

3. It is necessary to get rid of metal items such as a bicycle, coins

A) 1, 2

B) 2, 3

C) 3 only

D) 1, 2, 3

Explanation

It is necessary to get rid of metal items such as a bicycle, coins etc. Do not stand under an umbrella. Do not run during the occurrence of lightning; move slowly towards a shelter because the air flow may attract lightning

53. The ability of a society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, adapt to and recover from the effects of a disaster is known as

A) Mitigation

B) Preparedness

C) Resilience

D) Prevention

Explanation

Mitigation: The lessening of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. Preparedness: The capacity developed by organizations, to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recovers from the impacts of disaster events. Prevention: The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.