Physical Geography Of Tamilnadu 10th Social Science Lesson 22 Questions in English
10th Social Science Lesson 22 Questions in English
22] Physical Geography Of Tamilnadu
1. On which basis the Indian states are organized as per the Reorganization Act, 1956?
a) Population c) Area
b) Linguistic d) Literacy
Explanation
As per the States Reorganization Act, 1956, state boundaries in India were reorganized on some linguistic basis.
2. What was the first Linguistic state of India?
a) Andhra Pradesh c) Gujarat
b) Tamil Nadu d) Karnataka
Explanation
Andhra Pradesh emerged as a first linguistic state on Nov. 1, 1956. In Oct. 1953, the government of India was forced to create the first linguist state known as Andhra Pradesh by separating the Telugu speaking areas from Madras state.
3. Who were the rulers of the Tamil country during its Sangam age?
a) Cheras c) Pandyas
b) Chozhas d) All the above
Explanation
During Sangam age, the Tamizham was ruled by three great emperors Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas and virtuous kings ruling small kingdoms like Adhiyaman and Pari.
4. Who were not the rulers of Tamil Country in ancient India?
a) Marathas c) Mughals
b) Vijayanagara Rulers d) Guptas
Explanation
During Sangam age, the Tamizham was ruled by three great emperors Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas – and virtuous kings ruling small kingdoms like Adhiyaman and Pari. For a short time, the Tamil country was ruled by Kalabras.After the Kalabras, the Tamil country came under the control of the Pallavas, Cholas, Pandyas, Marathas, Mughals and Vijayanagara empires in succession until the British took administrative control over the entire country, starting from Madras.
5. How many Presidencies were created by the British Company before Independence?
a) 5 c) 4
b) 3 d) 10
Explanation
During the British period India was divided into three presidencies namely Madras, Bombay and Calcutta.
6. Which of these were not included in the Madras Presidency?
a) Andhra Pradesh c) Orissa
b) Maharashtra d) Kerala
Explanation
Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka and Orissa (Odisha) constituted the Madras Presidency.
7. What was the main purpose of creating the Presidencies in India?
a) Military Purposes c) Political purposes
b) Communication purposes d) both a and c
Explanation
The British took administrative control over the entire country starting from Madras. During the British period India was divided into three presidencies namely Madras, Bombay and Calcutta for political and military purposes.
8. How many districts were there in Tamil Nadu after the bifurcation?
a) 10 c) 17
b) 13 d) 15
Explanation
After Indian independence following the linguistic division of states, Telugu-speaking areas were bifurcated from the Madras state. After bifurcation there were only 13 districts in Madras state.
9. Name the Chief Minister who changed Madras state as Tamil Nadu?
a) C.N. Annadurai c) Omantur Ramaswamy
b) Kamarajar d) M.G. Ramachandiran
Explanation
The Madras state was renamed as Tamil Nadu by C.N. Annadurai, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, on January 14, 1969.
10. State the Latitude coordination of Tamil Nadu?
a) 76°18’E to 80°20’E c) 10°4’S to 15°35’S
b) 8°4’N to 13°35’N d) 56°18’E to 78°20’E
Explanation
The landmass of Tamil Nadu extends from 8°4’N to 13°35’N latitudes and from 76°18’E to 80°20’E longitudes.
11. Match the boundaries of the state Tamil Nadu
A. North i) Cape Comorin
B. East ii) Aanamalai Hills
C. South iii) Point Calimere
D. West iv) Pulicat Lake
a) i, ii, iv, iii c) ii, iv, iii, i
b) iv, iii, i, ii d) i, iv, ii, iii
Explanation
The eastern and western Extremities of Tamil Nadu are defined by the Point Calimere and the hills of Anaimalai respectively. The northern extremity of the state is marked by Pulicat lake and the southernmost point is Cape Comorin.
12. How many percentage of India area is covered by Tamil Nadu?
a) 5% c) 4%
b) 7% d) 8%
Explanation
Tamil Nadu covers an area of 1, 30,058 sq.km and is the 11th largest state in India. It covers 4% of the area of India.
13. What is the length of the coast line of Tamil Nadu?
a) 1200 km c) 987 km
b) 1076 km d) 745 km
Explanation
The Tamil Nadu state has 1,076 km long coastline, the second-longest in India after Gujarat.
14. Which of these separates Sri Lanka and Tamil Nadu?
a) Gulf of Mannar c) Kerala
b) Indian Ocean d) Bay of Bengal
Explanation
Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait separate Tamil Nadu from the Island of Sri Lanka which lies to the southeast of India.
15. Which Indian state has the lengthiest Coastal line?
a) Tamil Nadu c) Gujarat
b) Andhra Pradesh d) Orissa
Explanation
Gujarat forms the longest coastline of all Indian states the total length of coastline of Gujarat is 1214.7 Km.
16. How many districts are there in Tamil Nadu?
a) 35 c) 32
b) 37 d) 38
Explanation
The Indian state of Tamil Nadu has 38 districts after several splits of the original 13 districts at the formation of the state on 1 November 1956. The states are further divided into taluks and smaller administrative units. On 24 March 2020, Mayiladuthurai district was announced for the bifurcation from the erstwhile Nagapattinam district comprising Mayiladuthurai, Sirkazhi, Tarangambadi and Kuttalam taluks.
17. State the number of Lok Sabha constituencies in Tamil Nadu?
a) 234 c) 34
b) 39 d) 125
Explanation
There are totally 39 Lok sabha constituencies in Tamil Nadu state and One Lok sabha constituency from Pondicherry. The average voters for each of the constituency is around 1.51 million in Tamil Nadu and 0.9 million in Pondicherry.
18. How many physical divisions are available in Tamil Nadu?
a) 7 c) 4
b) 3 d) 5
Explanation
Tamil Nadu has many unique land features which include high eroded mountains, shallow deep valleys and plains. The topography of the state slopes towards east. Based on the major differences in relief Tamil Nadu is divided into the physical divisions of Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Plateaus, Coastal and Inland plains.
19. In which of these regions Tamil Nadu is located?
a) Deccan Plateau c) Coastal Plains
b) Western Ghats d) Eastern Ghats
Explanation
Tamil Nadu is located on the Peninsular Plateau known as Deccan Plateau. It is also a part of the ancient Gondwana land that broke away 135 million years ago during Cretaceous Period.
20. Which is the South extension of Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu?
a) Anaimalai hills c) Marunthuvazh Malai
b) Cardamom hills d) Agasthiyar Hills
Explanation
The Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu extends from the Niligris in the north to Marunthuvazh Malai at Swamithope in Kanyakumari district in the south.
21. Which of these is not a pass region of Western Ghats?
a) Palghat c) Andipatti
b) Achankoil d) Aralvaimozhi
Explanation
The Western Ghats is a continuous range, it has some passes. The passes are Palghat, Shencottah, Aralvaimozhi and Achankoil.
22. The Niligris is located in the _______ part of Tamil Nadu with ____ peaks.
a) North East, 10 c) South East, 25
b) South West, 20 d) North West, 24
Explanation
The Niligris hills are located in the Northwestern part of Tamil Nadu. It consists of 24 peaks with more than 2,000 meters height.
23. Which is the second highest peak of Western Ghats?
a) Doddabetta c) Anaimalai
b) Mukkuruthi d) Palani
Explanation
Doddabetta is the highest peak with 2,637 meters of the Niligris hills followed by Mukkuruthi of 2,554 meters.
24. In which of these hills the state animal Tahr is found?
a) Nilgri hills c) Agasthiyar Hills
b) Anaimalai d) Varusanadu
Explanation
The Nilgri Hills has more than 2,700 species of flowering plants and the state animal Niligris Tahr is found in this hill.
25. Assertion (A): The Anaimalai is located in the border of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
Reasoning(R): Anaimalai is located to the south of Palghat Gap.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Anaimalai is located in the border of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. It is located to the south of Palghat Gap.
26. What are the main reason for the deforestation of the Grasslands and Shrub lands of the Nilgri Hills?
a) Tea Plantations c) Cattle Grazing
b) Tourism d) Both a and c
Explanation
Much of the Nilgiris natural Montana grasslands and shrub lands have been disturbed or destroyed by extensive tea plantations and cattle grazing.
27. Name the Hill station in the Anaimalai Hills?
a) Ooty c) Valparai
b) Kodaikanal d) Coonoor
Explanation
Anaimalai Tiger Reserve, Aliyar Reserved Forest, Valparai hill station, Kadamparai hydroelectric Power Plant is located on the Anaimalai hills.
28. In which year the Kadamparai Hydroelectric power plant was established?
a) 1978 c) 1994
b) 1956 d) 1987
Explanation
Kadamparai Hydroelectric Power Plant is erected in the Kadampari River near the Malayandipattinam town of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu. The power project is commissioned in 1987 with an approved and installed capacity of 400 MW.
29. Identify the Incorrect match
A. Nilgri Hills i) Doddabetta
B. Anaimalai ii) Aliyar Reserved Forest
C. Palani Hills iii) Yela Malai
D. Javadhu Hills iv) Bluish Grey Granites
a) iv only c) i only
b) ii only d) iii only
Explanation
Doddabetta is the highest peak of the Niligris hills. Aliyar Reserved Forest is located on the Anaimalai hills. Cardamom Hills are also known as Yela Mala hills located in the southwestern part of Tamil Nadu. Many parts of the Javadhu range are covered with bluish grey granites.
30. What is the highest peak in Palani Hills?
a) Vembadi Shola c) Pachamalai
b) Kodaikanal d) Vandaravu
Explanation
Vandaravu of 2,533 meters is the highest peak in the Palani hills. Vembadi Shola of 2,505 meters is its second highest peak.
31. Assertion (A): Palani Hills are the Eastward extension of the Western Ghats.
Reasoning(R): These Hills are located in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Palani hills are the eastward extension of the Western Ghats. Except its western part, these hills are located in Dindigul district.
32. Choose the Incorrect statements.
i) Ooty and Coonoor are the major hill stations on the Niligris Hills.
ii) Aliyar and Thirumurthy dams are located at the foothills of Anaimalai.
iii) Kodaikanal lies in the west central portion of the Palani Hills range.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) None of the above
Explanation
Ooty and Coonoor are the major hill stations located on the Nilgri hills. Aliyar and Thirumurthy dams are located at the foothills of the Anaimalai range. The hill station of Kodaikanal lies in the south central portion of the range of Palani Hills.
33. In which part of Tamil Nadu Cardamom Hills is situated?
a) South western c) South eastern
b) North western d) North eastern
Explanation
Cardamom Hills are also known as Yela Mala hills located in the southwestern part of Tamil Nadu.
34. What are the crops cultivated in the Cardamom hills region?
a) Cardamom c) Coffee
b) Pepper d) All the above
Explanation
Cardamom Hills acquires its name from the cardamom spice which is commonly grown here. Pepper and coffee are the other crops cultivated over the hills.
35. Assertion (A): Cardamom Hills is also known as Yela Malai.
Reasoning(R): Cardamom is the only grown spice in these hills which is the reason for its name.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is True but R is False.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Cardamom Hills acquires its name from the cardamom spice which is commonly grown here. Pepper and coffee are the other crops cultivated over the hills.
36. Match the meeting points of Cardamom hills with other hills.
A. North West i) Varusanadu
B. South East ii) Palani
C. North East iii) Anaimalai
a) i, ii, iii c) iii, ii, i
b) ii, i, iii d) iii, i, ii
Explanation
The Cardamom hills meet the Anaimalai hills in the northwest, the Palani hills in the northeast and Varusanadu and Andipatti hills in the southeast.
37. Name the waterfalls in the Andipatti hills region?
a) Suruli c) Pykara
b) Silver Cascade d) Thirumurthy
Explanation
Another eastward extension of Western Ghats is Varusanadu and Andipatti hills. Megamalai (the highway mountain), Kalugumalai, Kurangani hill station, and Suruli and Kumbakarai waterfalls are found on these hills.
38. Which of this river originate from the Andipatti hills region?
a) Palaru c) Vellaru
b) Thamirabarani d) Vaigai
Explanation
Vaigai River and its tributaries originate in the region of Varusanadu and Andipatti Hills.
39. Name the Wildlife sanctuary located in the Virudhunagar district of Tamil Nadu?
a) Aliyar Reserved Forest
c) Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wild Life Sanctuary
b) Anaimalai Tiger Reserve
d) Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve
Explanation
Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wild life Sanctuary is located in the southern slope of the Varusanadu and Andipatti hills in Virudhunagar district.
40. In which district of Tamil Nadu major part of Pothigai hills is located?
a) Virudhunagar c) Madurai
b) Tirunelveli d) Sivagangai
Explanation
Pothigai Hills and Its major part lie in Tirunelveli district with its southern slope in the Kanyakumari district.
41. What are the other names of Pothigai Hills?
a) Shiva Jothi Parvath c) Southern Kailash
b) Agasthiyar Hills d) All the above
Explanation
Pothigai hills are called with different names such as the Shiva Jothi Parvath, Agasthiyar hills and Southern Kailash.
42. Which Hills is a part of the Southern range of Western Ghats?
a) Pothigai Hills c) Servarayan Hills
b) Mahendragiri Hills d) Kalvarayan Hills
Explanation
The continuous range of Mahendragiri Hills is situated along the border of Kanyakumari and Tirunelveli districts and is a part of the southern range of the Western Ghats.
43. Choose the Correct statements
i) Kalugumalai is located in the Mahendragiri Hills range.
ii) Pothigai Hills feature richest bio diversity in the Western Ghats.
iii) ISRO Propulsion test facility is situated on the Kalvarayan Hills.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
Pothigai hills feature richest biodiversity in the Western Ghats. This area is known for its rich evergreen forest, waterfalls and ancient temples. ISRO Propulsion Complex, a test facility for Indian Space Research Organization’s launch vehicles and satellite propulsion systems, is situated on the lower slopes of the Mahendragiri Mountain. Megamalai (the highway mountain), Kalugumalai are found on these Varusanadu and Andipatti hills.
44. Assertion (A): The Eastern Ghats is a discontinuous and irregular range.
Reasoning(R): It is dissected at many places by the rivers which drain into the Bay of Bengal.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Eastern Ghats is a discontinuous and irregular one. It is dissected at many places by the rivers, which drain into the Bay of Bengal. Its height ranges from 1,100 to 1,600 meters.
45. Which of these Hills separate Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts?
a) Kalvarayan Hills c) Javadhu Hills
b) Servarayan Hills d) Pothigai Hills
Explanation
The Javadhu hills are the extension of the Eastern Ghats which spread across parts of Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts and separates these two districts.
46. Which of these are the major hills of the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu?
a) Kollimalai c) Pachaimalai
b) Kalrayan d) All the above
Explanation
Javadhu, Servarayan, the Kalrayan, Kollimalai and Pachaimalai are the major hills of the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu and are located in northern districts of the Tamil Nadu.
47. Which is the highest peak in the Javadhu Hills?
a) Melpattu c) Vembadisolai
b) Kottaimtalai d) Pasagura
Explanation
Many peaks with the height of 1,100–1,150 meters are located in the Javadhu Hills range. Melpattu is its highest peak.
48. When did the Vainu Bappu Observatory begin to operate?
a) 1976 c) 1956
b) 1956 d) 1967
Explanation
The Vainu Bappu Observatory (VBO) Kavalur which began operations in 1967 is located on these Javadhu hills.
49. What does the word Karalar denotes?
a) Kingdom c) Region
b) Tribes d) Animal
Explanation
The name ‘Kalvarayan’ comes from the word ‘Karalar’, the ancient name of the present tribes. It is another major range of hills in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu.
50. Choose the correct statements regarding the Kalrayan Hills?
i) Kalrayan Hills are the major range of hills in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu.
ii) These Hills region separates the River basins of Cauvery and Palar.
iii) These Hills have three sections.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
Kalrayan Hills are another major range of hills in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu. This range along with the Pachaimalai, Aralvaimalai, Javadhu and Servarayan hills separates the river basins of Cauvery and Palar. The height of this hill ranges from 600 to 1,220 meters. These hills have two sections.
51. In which city Servrayan hills are located?
a) Coimbatore c) Namakkal
b) Salem d) Erode
Explanation
Servarayan Hills is a mountain range located near the Salem city with the height ranging from 1,200 to 1,620 meters.
52. What is the Height of the highest peak in the southern part of Eastern Ghats?
a) 1620 meters c) 1733 meters
b) 1800 meters d) 1633 meters
Explanation
The highest peak in the southern part of the Eastern Ghats is located in this Servarayan Hills. The peak is Solaikaradu and its height is 1,620 meters.
53. Choose the correct statements regarding the Servrayan Hills.
i) The name Servrayan comes from the group of local tribes.
ii) Solaikaradu is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats.
iii) Servarayan Temple is located in the Salem city.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
The name of the range comes from a local deity Servarayan. The highest peak in the southern part of the Eastern Ghats is located in this range. The peak is Solaikaradu and its height is 1620 meters. Servarayan temple is its highest point 1623 meters.
54. What is the other name of Yercaud?
a) Poor Man’s Ooty c) Queen of Mountain’s
b) Southern Kashmir d) All the above
Explanation
The hill station Yercaud is known as poor man’s Ooty is located in the range of Servrayan.
55. In which of these districts Kolli Hills is located?
a) Salem c) Namakkal
b) Krishnagiri d) Dharapuram
Explanation
Kolli Hills is a small mountain range located in Namakkal district. It covers an area of about 2,800 sq.km. It rises up to 1300 meters. This is a mountain range that runs almost parallel to the east coast of South India.
56. Name the famous Pilgrim center in the Kolli hills range?
a) Arpaleeswarar Temple c) Southern Kailash
b) Servrayan Temple d) Agasthiyar Temple
Explanation
Arpaleeswarar temple located on this Kolli range is an important pilgrim center.
57. Which of these Hills has a largest evergreen forest in its range?
a) Pachamalai c) Solaikaradu
b) Kolli Hills d) Kazhugu Malai
Explanation
Kolli Hills has the largest cover of evergreen or shola forest when compared to other parts of the Eastern Ghats. Several coffee plantations, fruits, flowers and silver oak estates are found in this region.
58. In which of these districts Pachamalai is spread?
a) Perambalur c) Tiruchirappalli
b) Salem d) All the above
Explanation
Pachaimalai is the lowest hill range spreads over the districts of Perambalur, Tiruchirappalli and Salem.
59. Name the popular seasonal fruit cultivated in Pachai Malai?
a) Mango c) Plums
b) Jackfruit d) Apple
Explanation
Jackfruit is a popular seasonal agricultural product of the Pachai Malai hills.
60. Name the Land structure found in between the Eastern and Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu?
a) Plateaus c) Valleys
b) Coastal Plains d) Plains
Explanation
Plateaus of Tamil Nadu are located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.
61. Choose the Incorrect statements regarding the Plateaus of Tamil Nadu.
i) The Plateaus of Tamil Nadu form an Elliptical shape.
ii) The Plateau is broader in south and narrow in the North.
iii) The Highest range of these is in between 500 to 1000 meters.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
The Plateaus of Tamil Nadu are roughly triangular in shape and covers an area about 60,000 sq.km. Its height increases from east to west. Its height ranges between 150 and 600 meters. This plateau is broader in the north and very narrow in the south.
62. Which of this Plateau is situated in the North Western part of Tamil Nadu?
a) Deccan Plateau c) Madurai Plateau
b) Mysore Plateau d) Coimbatore Plateau
Explanation
The Plateau’s of Tamil Nadu has many subdivisions. Bharamahal plateau is a part of the Mysore plateau situated in the northwestern part of Tamil Nadu. Its height ranges from 350 to 710 meters.
63. Coimbatore Plateau lies between the ______ and ______ districts of Tamil Nadu.
a) Coimbatore, Namakkal c) Nilgiris, Salem
b) Nilgiris, Dharmapuri d) Krishnagiri, Namakkal
Explanation
Coimbatore plateau lies between the Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts. Its height varies from 150 to 450 meters. This region includes Salem, Coimbatore and Erode districts.
64. Which river separates the Coimbatore Plateau from Mysore?
a) Siruvaani c) Noyyal
b) Moyar d) Bhavani
Explanation
The Moyar River separates the Coimbatore plateau from the Mysore Plateau.
65. Which of these rivers originate from the Western Ghats?
a) Amaravathi c) Bhavani
b) Noyyal d) All the above
Explanation
Rivers like Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravathi which originate from Western Ghats form valleys in the Coimbatore Plateau region.
66. In which of these Plateaus the river Thamirabarani basins are located?
a) Madurai Plateau c) Mysore Plateau
b) Coimbatore Plateau d) Sigur Plateau
Explanation
Madurai plateau found in Madurai district extends up to the foothills of the Western Ghats. Vaigai and Thamirabarani basins are located in this zone.
67. How many types of Plains are classified in the region of Tamil Nadu?
a) 3 c) 5
b) 2 d) 4
Explanation
The plains of Tamil Nadu may be divided into two namely inland plains and coastal plains.
68. Find the rivers that drain the inland plains of Tamil Nadu?
a) Palar c) Thamirabarani
b) Ponnaiyar d) All the above
Explanation
Inland plains of Tamil Nadu are drained by the rivers Palar, Ponnaiyar, Cauvery and Thamirabarani.
69. Name the most important fertile plain of Tamil Nadu?
a) Palar Plains c) Noyyal Plains
b) Cauvery Plains d) Coastal Plains
Explanation
Cauvery plains are one of the most important fertile plains of Tamil Nadu. The plains of Cauvery are found in Salem, Erode, Karur, Tiruchirappalli, Pudukottai, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts.
70. Which of these districts is not situated in the Cauvery Plains?
a) Erode c) Nagapattinam
b) Thanjavur d) Villupuram
Explanation
The plains of Cauvery is found in Salem, Erode, Karur, Tiruchirappalli, Pudukottai, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts.
71. What is the other name of the Coastal Plain of Tamil Nadu?
a) Coromandel plain c) East Coast Plains
b) Cholamandalam Plains d) Both a and b
Explanation
Coastal plains of Tamil Nadu are also called Coromandel or Cholamandalam (land of Cholas) plain which extends from Chennai to Kanyakumari.
72. In which of these Ocean the rivers of Coastal plains in Tamil Nadu are drained?
a) Bay of Bengal c) Both a and b
b) Indian Ocean d) neither a nor b
Explanation
The Coastal plains are formed by the rivers that flow towards east drain in the Bay of Bengal. It is more than 80 kilometers wide at some places.
73. In which of these districts of Tamil Nadu Teri is found?
a) Tirunelveli c) Kanyakumari
b) Nagercoil d) Ramanathapuram
Explanation
The sand dunes formed along the coast of Ramanathapuram and Thoothukudi districts are called Teri.
74. Where the Coral rocks are found in the East Coastal plains of Tamil Nadu?
a) Palk Strait c) Gulf of Mannar
b) Bay of Bengal d) Tirunelveli District
Explanation
Coral rocks are found at the head of Gulf of Mannar in the east coastal plain
75. Name the beach in Chennai.
a) Elliot beach c) Puri Beach
b) Varkala Beach d) Silver Beach
Explanation
Marina and Elliot beaches of Chennai and Kovalam, Silver beaches of Kanyakumari are some of the famous beaches in Tamil Nadu.
76. Assertion (A): The Tamil Nadu Rivers are the lifeline of the state.
Reasoning(R): Cauvery, Vaigai and Thamirabarani are some of the important rivers in Tamil Nadu.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Rivers of Tamil Nadu are its lifeline. Though it has many rivers, the rivers of Cauvery, Palar, Ponnaiyar, Vaigai and Thamirabarani are the notable ones.
77. In which direction most of the rivers of Tamil Nadu flow and drain?
a) East c) North East
b) West d) South West
Explanation
Most of the rivers of Tamil Nadu originate from Western Ghats and flow towards east and drain into the Bay of Bengal.
78. Name the Perennial river of Tamil Nadu?
a) Vaigai c) Palar
b) Thamirabarani d) Cauvery
Explanation
All the rivers of Tamil Nadu are non-perennial except Thamirabarani. It is perennial as it is fed by both the southwest and northeast monsoons.
79. Where does the river Cauvery originate?
a) Tala Cauvery c) Coorg
b) Brahmagiri Hills d) All the above
Explanation
The river Cauvery originates at Talacauvery in the Brahmagiri hills of Kodagu (Coorg) district of Karnataka in the Western Ghats.
80. Which of these states share the boundary with Tamil Nadu by the river Cauvery?
a) Kerala c) Karnataka
b) Maharashtra d) Telangana
Explanation
The river Cauvery serves as the boundary between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu for a distance of 64 km.
81. In which of these districts the Hogenakkal waterfalls is situated?
a) Hosur c) Salem
b) Dharmapuri d) Krishnagiri
Explanation
The river Cauvery forms Hogenakkal waterfalls in Dharmapuri district.
82. Which of these dams is called as Stanley Reservoir?
a) Sathanur Dam c) Mettur Dam
b) Kallanai d) Bhavani Sagar Dam
Explanation
Mettur Dam also called as the Stanley Reservoir is located across the Cauvery river in Salem district.
83. State the tributary rivers of the river Cauvery?
a) Palar c) Bhavani
b) Ponni d) Siruvaani
Explanation
A tributary of the river Cauvery called Bhavani joins Cauvery on the right bank about 45 km from the Mettur Reservoir. Thereafter it takes easterly course to enter into the plains of Tamil Nadu.
84. Which of these rivers meet the river Cauvery at Thirumukkudal?
a) Noyyal c) Bhavani
b) Amaravathi d) All the above
Explanation
The two tributaries of the river Cauvery, Noyyal and Amaravathi confluence the river on the right bank at Thirumukkudal 10 km from Karur. The river is wider in this region where it is called as ‘Agandra Cauvery’.
85. In which of these districts the river Cauvery is separated into two major parts?
a) Karur c) Tiruchirappalli
b) Salem d) Thanjavur
Explanation
In Tiruchirappalli district the river branches into two parts. The northern branch is called Coleroon or Kollidam and the southern branch remains Cauvery.
86. Name the meeting place of the two main branches of river Cauvery?
a) Kollidam c) Tiruchirappalli
b) Srirangam d) Karur
Explanation
After flowing for about 16 km in the Cauvery delta the two branches join again to form the ‘Srirangam Island’.
87. Choose the Incorrect statements regarding Cauvery.
i) The Kallanai was built across the river Cauvery.
ii) The Network of distributaries of Cauvery is called as the ‘Garden of Rivers’.
iii) The distributaries of Cauvery merge in the Indian Ocean.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
The Grand Anaicut also called as Kallanai was built across the river Cauvery. After Kallanai the river breaks into a large number of distributaries and forms a network all over the delta. The network of distributaries within the delta of Cauvery in the coast is called as the ‘Garden of Southern India’. It merges into Bay of Bengal to the south of Cuddalore.
88. Which state is the origin of the Palar River?
a) Kerala c) Karnataka
b) Andhra Pradesh d) Telangana
Explanation
The Palar River rises beyond Talagavara village in the Kolar district of Karnataka.
89. What percentage of Palar River flows in Tamil Nadu?
a) 75% c) 72%
b) 63% d) 57%
Explanation
The Palar drains an area of 17,871 sq.km out of which nearly 57% lies in Tamil Nadu and the rest in the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
90. What are the major tributaries of the river Palar?
a) Ponnai c) Kiliyar
b) Malattar d) All the above
Explanation
Ponnai, Goundinya Nadhi, Malattar, Cheyyar and Kiliyar are the major tributaries of the Palar. Its total length is 348 km, out of which 222 km of its course falls in Tamil Nadu.
91. In which place the river Palar enter into Bay of Bengal?
a) Koovam c) Adyar
b) Kuvattur d) Kovalam
Explanation
The river Palar flows through the districts of Vellore and Kancheepuram before entering into Bay of Bengal near Kuvattur.
92. From which of these hills the river Ponnaiyar originates?
a) Nandi Durga Hills c) Niligris
b) Kolli Hills d) Ginjee Hills
Explanation
Then Pennaiyar or Then Ponnaiyar originates from the eastern slope of Nandi Durga hills in eastern Karnataka. It drains an area of 16,019 sq.km, of which nearly 77% lies in Tamil Nadu.
93. Find the district in which the river Palar does not flow through?
a) Krishnagiri c) Nagapattinam
b) Vellore d) Cuddalore
Explanation
The river Palar flows for a distance of 247 km in the southeasterly direction in the districts of Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Cuddalore and Villupuram.
94. Name the tributaries of the river Palar?
a) Chinnar c) Pambar
b) Markandanadhi d) All the above
Explanation
Chinnar, Markandanadhi, Vaniar and Pambar are the tributaries of the river Palar.
95. In which of these places the river Palar joins the Bay of Bengal?
a) Cuddalore c) Karaikal
b) Pondicherry d) Both a and b
Explanation
Palar branches into two as Gadilam and the Ponnaiyar near Tirukoilur Anaicut. Gadilam joins the Bay of Bengal near Cuddalore and Ponnaiyar near the Union Territory of Pondicherry.
96. Assertion (A): The Palar river sources cause sudden Long floods.
Reasoning(R): The Palar River is extensively dammed for Tamil Nadu irrigation.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Palar river sources have heavy rain which causes the river’s source cause sudden but short-lived floods. The river is extensively dammed for irrigation especially in Tamil Nadu.
97. Name the reservoirs of the Palar River?
a) Krishnagiri c) Stanley
b) Sathanur d) Both a and b
Explanation
There are reservoirs at Krishnagiri and Sathanur across the Palar River. The Ponnaiyar is considered sacred by Hindus and festivals are held during the Tamil month of Thai (January–February).
98. Choose the correct statements regarding the river Vaigai
i) Vaigai originates from the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu
ii) It partly flows in the Karnataka state too.
iii) It flows through the Tirunelveli district also.
iv) The Surplus water of the Vaigai River discharged into Palk Strait.
a) i, ii only c) iv only
b) iii, iv only d) i, iii, iv only
Explanation
Vaigai River rises from the eastern slopes of the Varusanadu hills of Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu and lies entirely in the state of Tamil Nadu. It flows through the districts of Madurai, Sivagangai and Ramanathapuram. Its length is 258 km. It discharges its water into the Ramnad Big Tank and some other small tanks. The surplus water from the tanks is finally discharged into Palk Strait near Ramanathapuram.
99. Assertion (A): The Name of Thamirabarani River derives from the metal Copper.
Reasoning(R): The color of the river is due to the red soil suspension.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Thamirabarani name is interpreted as Thamiram (copper) and Varuni (streams of river). The water of this river gives a copper like appearance due to the presence of dissolved suspended red soil.
100. State the origin of the river Thamirabarani?
a) Papanasam c) Western Ghats
b) Pothigai Hills d) All the above
Explanation
Thamirabarani originates from a peak in Pothigai hills on the Western Ghats above Papanasam in the Ambasamudram Taluk. The origin of the river is associated with Sage Agasthiyar.
101. Name the main tributaries of the river Thamirabarani?
a) Karaiyar c) Pachaiyar
b) Gadananathi d) All the above
Explanation
Karaiyar, Servalar, Manimuthar, Gadananathi, Pachaiyar, Chittar and Ramanathi are the main tributaries of Thamirabarani.
102. Match the Waterfalls with their respective Districts.
A. Salem i) Kaalikesam
B. Kanyakumari ii) Kiliyur
C. Virudhunagar iii) Thirumurthy
D. Tiruppur iv) Ayyanar
a) ii, i, iv, iii c) ii, iii, i, iv
b) i, iii, iv, ii d) i, iv, ii, iii
Explanation
103. State the position of Tamil Nadu global
a) Lies to the North of Tropic of Cancer.
b) South of Tropic of Cancer
c) Between Equator and Tropic of Cancer
d) North to the Tropic of Cancer
Explanation
The Tropic of Cancer divides India roughly into two equal parts and the state Tamil Nadu lies to the south of Tropic of Cancer, which is near the Equator.
104. Assertion (A): The temperature of Tamil Nadu is relatively high in the summer.
Reasoning(R): The East costal region of Tamil Nadu has the tropical climate.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Tamil Nadu region receives vertical sunrays from the equator the temperature of the state is relatively high throughout the year. Though the state falls within the hot climatic zone, the east coast of Tamil Nadu enjoys tropical maritime climate.
105. What is the Annual rainfall of Tamil Nadu?
a) 1200 mm c) 958 mm
b) 8500 mm d) 1857 mm
Explanation
The annual temperature of Tamil Nadu ranges from 18o to 43o and the annual rain fall is 958.5 mm.
106. Choose the correct statements regarding the Climate conditions of Tamil Nadu.
i) The Western region of Tamil Nadu has the mountainous climate.
ii) Low altitude and the distance from the sea make the central part of the state with high temperature.
iii) The migrating sun rays are the cause for various seasons in Tamil Nadu.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
The east coast experiences tropical maritime climate the western region of the state enjoys the mountainous climate. Low altitude and distance from the sea are the reasons for high temperature and dry conditions in the central part of Tamil Nadu. The migration of vertical sun’s rays leads to the formation of different seasons in Tamil Nadu.
107. State the conditions of winter climate in Tamil Nadu.
i) It occurs during the February and March of the year.
ii) The Vertical Sun rays fall between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Equator.
iii) The average winter temperature of Tamil Nadu ranges from 10 C to 20C
iv) The Winter season is very moist compared to other seasons.
a) i, ii only c) ii only
b) ii, iv only d) ii, iii, iv only
Explanation
During January and February the vertical rays of the sun fall between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Equator. Hence Tamil Nadu and India on the whole receive slanting rays from the sun. Winter temperature in Tamil Nadu varies from 15°C to 25°C.This season is practically dry.
108. What is the average temperature of summer season in Tamil Nadu?
a) 25°C to 30°C c) 28 °C to 35°C
b) 20° C to 35°C d) 30°C to 40°C
Explanation
Summer Season occurs due to the apparent migration of the sun towards north during March, April and May results in the reception of vertical sun’s rays by South India. Generally the temperature varies from 30°C to more than 40°C.
109. In which of these months South West monsoon hits Tamil Nadu?
a) March to May c) April to August
b) April to June d) February to May
Explanation
The intense heating of the landmass of the north by the sun during March to May creates a well-developed low pressure in North India which draws wind from the Indian Ocean. This results in the formation of southwest monsoon.
110. Assertion (A): Tamil Nadu receives only a meager rainfall from the South West Monsoon.
Reasoning(R): Tamil Nadu is located in the rain shadow region in these seasons.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
During the South West Monsoon season Tamil Nadu is located in the rain shadow region for the wind which blows from the Arabian Sea. As a result, Tamil Nadu receives only a meager rainfall from this monsoon. Rainfall during this season decreases from west to east.
111. Which part of Tamil Nadu gets an inadequate rainfall in South West Monsoon?
a) East c) North East
b) South East d) North
Explanation
The rainfall is scanty in the eastern part of the state in South West Monsoon. Coimbatore plateau receives an average of 50 cm rainfall. However, the southern districts like Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli and The Nilgiris record 50–100 cm rainfall during this period.
112. State the origin of the winds of the North East monsoon?
a) South East India c) Gulf Winds
b) Central Asia d) Western India
Explanation
The northeast monsoon season commences from the month of October and lasts till mid-December. The high pressure created over Central Asia and northern part of India becomes the source for the northeast monsoon winds.
113. By which force the North east monsoon wind is deflected?
a) Coriolis Force c) Fictitious Force
b) Beaufort Force d) Pseudo Force
Explanation
The apparent migration of the sun from Tropic of Cancer to the Tropic of Capricorn causes a change in receiving temperature and air pressure during this season. It makes the wind to blow towards Bay of Bengal from North India. After reaching Bay of Bengal, the wind gets deflected by Coriolis force and takes the northeast direction. Hence it is known as northeast monsoon.
114. Which is termed as a retreating monsoon?
a) South West Monsoon c) South East Monsoon
b) North West Monsoon d) North East Monsoon
Explanation
The northeast monsoon is a part of returning of southwest monsoon wind, it is also called as the retreating monsoon.
115. State the features of Northeast Monsoon.
i) This Monsoon is the main rain source of Tamil Nadu.
ii) It accounts for about 70% of rainfall in Tamil Nadu.
iii) The Coastal districts of Tamil Nadu get nearly 80% of its annual rainfall.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
North East Monsoon is the main rainy season for Tamil Nadu accounting for its 48% of annual rainfall. Coastal districts of the state get nearly 60% of their annual rainfall and the interior districts get about 40–50% of the annual rainfall during this season.
116. Assertion (A): Tropical cyclones are common during the North East Monsoon.
Reasoning(R): These Cyclones originates from the Bay of Bengal.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Tropical cyclones are common during this North East Monsoon season. Cyclone originating from the Bay of Bengal brings heavy rainfall to the east coastal regions of Tamil Nadu. More than 50% of the state’s rainfall is received from tropical cyclones during this period and east coastal region receives 100 to 200 cm of rainfall.
117. What is the wettest place in Tamil Nadu?
a) Rajamalai c) Chinnakallar
b) Parambikulam d) Naduvattam
Explanation
Chinnakallar near Valparai is the 3rd wettest place in India and the wettest place in Tamil Nadu.
118. State the correct statements regarding Soil.
i) Soil is the hard material formed by the erosion of rocks.
ii) Soil provides essential minerals and nutrients for the growth of vegetation.
iii) Soil is one of the renewable resources in the world.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) all the above
Explanation
Soil is the loose material mainly formed by the weathering and erosion of rocks. It forms an important element of agriculture. It provides essential minerals and nutrients for the growth of vegetation. Soil is one of the important non-renewable resources in the world.
119. State the factors which determine the nature of the soil.
a) Climate c) Vegetative Cover
b) Parent Rocks d) All the above
Explanation
The soil of a place depends on the factors like climate, parent rocks and vegetative cover of the respective places.
120. How many types of soil are available in Tamil Nadu?
a) 3 c) 2
b) 4 d) 5
Explanation
The soils in Tamil Nadu are broadly classified into five types according to their characteristics. They are alluvial, black, red, laterite and saline soils.
121. Alluvial soils are
i) Formed by the transformation process.
ii) It is not naturally fertile.
iii) It is porous and loamy.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
Alluvial soils are formed by the deposition of silt by the rivers. Alluvial soils are generally fertile. It is porous and loamy.
122. Assertion (A): Alluvial soils are rich in minerals like potassium, Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid.
Reasoning(R): Nitrogen and Humus is not present in the alluvial soil.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Alluvial soils are rich in minerals such as lime, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen and phosphoric acid. It is deficient in nitrogen and humus.
123. Which of these crops can be cultivated in the alluvial soil?
a) Paddy c) Turmeric
b) Sugarcane d) All the above
Explanation
Paddy, sugarcane, banana and turmeric are cultivated in the alluvial soil. It is found in the river valley regions and the coastal plains of Tamil Nadu.
124. Which of these districts are rich in alluvial soil?
a) Virudhunagar c) Pudukottai
b) Cuddalore d) Karur
Explanation
Generally the alluvial type of soil is found in the districts of Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Villupuram, Cuddalore, Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari. It is also found to a small extent along the river valleys in few interior districts.
125. What are the other names of Black Soil?
a) Regur soil c) Lava soil
b) Black Cotton soil d) both a and b
Explanation
Black soils are formed by the weathering of igneous rocks. It is also known as regur soil. As cotton grows well in this soil, it is also called as black cotton soil.
126. What are the inadequate minerals in the Black soil?
a) Phosphoric Acid c) Organic Matters
b) Nitrogen d) All the above
Explanation
Black soil is fine textured and clayey in nature. It is poor in phosphoric acid, nitrogen and organic matter.
127. What are the crops cultivated in the Black soil?
a) Sorghum c) Fodder crops
b) Cumbu d) All the above
Explanation
This Black soil is developed over the Deccan lava granite region under semiarid conditions. Cotton, sorghum, Cumbu and fodder crops are the major crops cultivated in the black soil regions of Tamil Nadu.
128. Name the districts where the black soil is inadequately present?
a) Tirunelveli c) Thanjavur
b) Madurai d) Coimbatore
Explanation
Black soils are found extensively in the districts of Coimbatore, Madurai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi.
129. Choose the correct statements regarding Red soil.
i) It covers about 1/3rd of the total area of Tamil Nadu.
ii) The features of the red soil are not affected by any factors.
iii) Red soil is porous, friable and non-retentive of moisture.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
Red soils cover over two-thirds of the total area of Tamil Nadu. They are found particularly in the central districts of the state. This soil is sandy and loamy in texture. However, the characteristic features of the red soil vary according to its formation and climatic condition under which the soil was formed. Red soil is porous, friable and non-retentive of moisture.
130. What are the main crops cultivated in the Red soil?
a) Tobacco c) Vegetables
b) Ragi d) all the above
Explanation
Paddy, ragi, tobacco and vegetables are the chief crops grown in Red soil. Almost all types of crops can be grown in this soil with the application of manure and irrigation facilities.
131. Match
A. Sivagangai i) Black Soil
B. Thoothukudi ii) Saline soil
C. Nilgiris iii) Red soil
D. Vedaranyam iv) Laterite Soil
a) i, iii, iv, ii c) iii, i, ii, iv
b) iii, i, iv, ii d) iii, iv, ii, i
Explanation
Red soil is dominantly found in Sivagangai and Ramanathapuram districts. Black soils are found extensively in the districts of Coimbatore, Madurai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi. Laterite soils are found in some parts of Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur and Thanjavur districts and some patches over the mountainous region in the Nilgiris. Vedaranyam has a pocket of saline soil.
132. Name the formation process of Laterite Soil?
a) Intense Leaching c) Rich content of red oxides
b) Deposition of river silt d) Weathering of Igneous rocks
Explanation
Laterite Soil is formed by the process of intense leaching. Laterite soils are found in some parts of Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur and Thanjavur districts and some patches over the mountainous region in the Nilgiris.
133. Which of this soil are suitable for Tea and coffee plantations?
a) Black Soil c) Laterite Soil
b) Red Soil d) Alluvial Soil
Explanation
Crops grown in this Laterite soil are paddy, ginger, pepper and plantains. It is also suitable for the cultivation of tea and coffee plants.
134. Which of this soil is not suitable for cultivation?
a) Oxide Soil c) Black soil
b) Alluvial Soil d) Saline soil
Explanation
Saline soils in Tamil Nadu are confined to the Coromandel Coast. Vedaranyam has a pocket of saline soil. The tsunami deposition made the coastal areas unsuitable for cultivation to a considerable extent.
135. What are the causes of soil erosion?
a) Deforestation c) Heavy rain
b) Overgrazing d) All the above
Explanation
Soil is a non-renewable resource. It is very difficult to replace the soil once it gets degraded. Deforestation, overgrazing, urbanization and heavy rain are responsible for soil erosion in Tamil Nadu.
136. Assertion (A): About 12% of the Tamil Nadu total area is desertified or degraded.
Reasoning(R): Theni is one of the most affected districts under desertification.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Desertification is one of the major problems of Tamil Nadu. According to the desertification atlas prepared by the ISRO about 12% of the total geographical area is under desertification and land degradation. Theni, the Nilgiris and Kanyakumari are the worst affected districts.
137. What are the factors that affect the distribution of Natural vegetation?
a) Landforms c) Nature of the soil
b) Temperature d) All the above
Explanation
Natural vegetation refers to the forest cover. Landforms, nature of soil, temperature and rainfall are the major factors that control the distribution of natural vegetation.
138. What is the minimum area under the forest cover as per the 1988 National Forest Policy?
a) 1/3rd of the total area c) 1/2 of total area
b) 1/5th of the total area d) 1/6th of total area
Explanation
As per the National Forest Policy, 1988, a minimum of one-third of the total geographical area must be under forest cover. The total forest cover of Tamil Nadu is far lower than this.
139. Tamil Nadu has ____% of its total forest area which is the ____% of total India’s forest cover.
a) 25.27%, 4.91% c) 20.21%, 2.99%
b) 37.2%, 3.22% d) 34.2%, 1.78%
Explanation
According to the Tamil Nadu State of Forest Report – 2017 assessment, the area under forest in the state is 26,281 sq.km which constitutes 20.21% of the total area. Tamil Nadu constitutes 2.99% of India’s forest cover.
140. Which has the longest hill range in Tamil Nadu?
a) Eastern Ghats c) Anaimalai Hills
b) Western Ghats d) Niligris
Explanation
The Western Ghats the longest hill range in the state is one of the 25 global hotspots of bio-diversity and one of the three mega centers of endemism in India.
141. State the Incorrect statements regarding the Tropical Evergreen forest.
i) This type of forest is found in meager rainfall areas.
ii) These forest are found in the upper slopes of Western Ghats.
iii) Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari and Coimbatore districts have these types of forest.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
The Tropical evergreen forest is found in the regions that receive heavy rainfall. It is a dense, multilayered forest. It is found in the upper slopes of Western Ghats of Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari, the Nilgiris and Coimbatore districts.
142. What is the major cultivation in the Tropical forest?
a) Jackfruit c) Jamun
b) Cinnamon d) All the above
Explanation
The major tree species of Tropical evergreen forest are cinnamon, Malabar ironwood, panasa, java plum/Jamun, jack, kindal, ayani and crape myrtle.
143. Assertion (A): The Montane Temperate forests are the sheltered valley Sholas.
Reasoning(R): These Shola trees are short and evergreen found in Nilgiris and Anaimalai.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Montane Temperate Forest is found in sheltered valleys of Anaimalai, Nilgiris and Palani hills over a 1000 meters altitude. They are known as ‘Sholas’. The trees in this forest are evergreen and usually short. Nilgiri champa, Wight’s litsea and rose apple are the common trees found in this forest.
144. Which of these trees are not found in the Tropical Deciduous forests?
a) Kadamba c) Axle wood
b) Bamboo d) Rose apple
Explanation
Tropical Deciduous Forest type of forest lies in the margin of semi-evergreen and evergreen forests. The trees in this forest shed their leaves during the dry season. The trees reach up to a height of 30 meters. Some trees of this forest are silk cotton, kapok, Kadamba, dog teak, woman’s tounge, axle wood and siris. Bamboos are also common in this type of forests.
145. In which of these regions Mangrove forest can be found?
a) River deltas c) Coastal areas
b) Tails of Islands d) All the above
Explanation
Mangrove Forest is found in the coastal areas, river deltas, tails of islands and over sea faces where accretion is in progress. The vegetation is typically evergreen, moderate in height and has leathery leaves.
146. In which of these places the Mangrove forests are found in Tamil Nadu?
a) Chidambaram c) Vedaranyam
b) Thoothukudi d) All the above
Explanation
Mangrove forests are found in Pichavaram, Vedaranyam, Muthupet, Chatram and Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu to a considerable extent.
147. Assertion (A): Tropical thorn forests are found in low rain fall areas.
Reasoning(R): These types of forests are found in Dharmapuri, Ramanathapuram and Virudhunagar.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Tropical Thorn Forest Thorn forest in Tamil Nadu is found where there is a little rainfall. These forests are found from plains up to 400 meters altitude. This type of forest is found in the districts of Dharmapuri, Ramanathapuram, Virudhunagar and some parts of interior districts.
148. Which of these Tamil Nadu district is least prominent in Forest area?
a) Dharmapuri c) Dindigul
b) Nilgiris d) Vellore
Explanation
149. Assertion (A): Several Wildlife sanctuaries and National Parks have been set up to protect the
animal life in the state of Tamil Nadu.
Reasoning(R): The hills of the state provide an ideal condition for a variety of animals and
plants life.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Animals and birds live in forests constitute the wild life. Tamil Nadu has a variety of wild animals, birds and reptiles. Hills are an ideal refuge for elephants, bison, tigers, deer and monkeys. Several Wildlife sanctuaries and National Parks have been set up to protect the animal life in the state. The hills of the state provide an ideal condition for a variety of animals and plants life.
150. Which was the first established Wild Life Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu?
a) Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary c) Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary
b) Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary d) Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary
Explanation
Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary in the Nilgiris districts was established in the year 1940 is known to be the first wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu.
151. In which of these districts the Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary is situated?
a) Thoothukudi c) Kanyakumari
b) Virudhunagar d) Tirunelveli
Explanation
The Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary is situated in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu which was established in the year 2013.
152. Match the Wild life Sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu with their districts.
A. Nagapattinam i) Cauvery North Wildlife Sanctuary
B. Coimbatore ii) Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary
C. Dharmapuri iii) Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary
D. Theni iv) Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary
a) ii, iv, i, iii c) iii, iv, ii, i
b) i, iii, iv, ii d) ii, iii, i, iv
Explanation
153. Which was the recently established Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu?
a) Cauvery North Wildlife Sanctuary c) Nellai Wildlife Sanctuary
b) Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary d) Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary
Explanation
Nellai Wildlife Sanctuary was established in the year 2015 in Tirunelveli district.
154. In which of these districts Oussudu Lake Birds Sanctuary is situated?
a) Villupuram c) Tiruvallur
b) Tiruvarur d) Kancheepuram
Explanation
The Oussudu Lake Birds Sanctuary is situated in the Villupuram district which was established in the year 2015.
155. Which of these Birds Sanctuaries are found in Ramanathapuram district?
a) Kanjirankulam Birds Sanctuary c) Sakkarakottai Tank Birds Sanctuary
b) Chitrangudi Birds Sanctuary d) All the above
156. Match the Bird Sanctuaries with their districts.
A. Karaivetti Birds Sanctuary i) Ramanathapuram
B. Theerthangal Bird Sanctuary ii) Tiruvarur
C. Vaduvoor Birds Sanctuary iii) Erode
D. Vellode Birds Sanctuary iv) Ariyalur
a) ii, i, iii, iv c) iv, ii, iii, i
b) iv, i, ii, iii d) ii, iii, iv, i
Explanation
157. How many Biosphere reserves are found in Tamil Nadu?
a) 5 c) 4
b) 3 d) 10
Explanation
158. Assertion (A): Disaster Risk Reduction concept was developed by India.
Reasoning(R): UNDRR analyses and reduces the causal factors of disasters.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
According to United Nations office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Disaster Risk Reduction( UNDRR) is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and reduce the causal factors of disasters. This includes reducing exposure to hazards, lessening the vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and environment, and improving preparedness and early warning for adverse events.
159. What is the most common trigger for the Landslides?
a) Water c) Deforestation
b) High Temperature d) All the above
Explanation
A collapse of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff is called landslide. Water is the most common trigger of a landslide. Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu is identified as one of the most vulnerable districts in the country and landslides pose a major threat in this area.
160. Choose the correct statements regarding the Flood in the year 2015.
i) The 2015 flood in Tamil Nadu was caused by the Vardha Cyclone.
ii) This flood was due to the heavy rainfall of the Northeast monsoon.
iii) This flood affected the Coromandel coasts of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
Flood is a common one in the coastal districts of Tamil Nadu during northeast monsoon. The recent flood occurred in the state was in 2015. The 2015 South Indian floods resulted from heavy rainfall generated by the annual northeast monsoon in November–December 2015. They affected the Coromandel Coast region of the South Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
161. How many zones are classified in Tamil Nadu based on the Cyclone hit?
a) 3 c) 2
b) 5 d) 4
Explanation
Based on the cyclone hit areas, the state of Tamil Nadu can be divided into five zones namely very high, high, medium, low and very low cyclone prone zones.
162. Which of these districts does not come under the Very high cyclone prone zone?
a) Pondicherry c) Tiruvallur
b) Cuddalore d) Villupuram
Explanation
The Southern part of Chennai, eastern part of Kancheepuram, eastern part of Villupuram, northeastern part of Cuddalore and Union Territory of Pondicherry fall under the very high cyclone prone zone.
163. Choose the correct statements regarding drought conditions of Tamil Nadu.
i) Tamil Nadu is rich in water resources.
ii) Drought is a seasonal one in Tamil Nadu.
a) i only c) Both i and ii
b) ii only d) None of the above
Explanation
Tamil Nadu is water deficit state. It is almost a regular one and not a seasonal one. It depends mostly on northeast monsoon for its rain. Its failure ends in disastrous.
164. Assertion (A): The Total demand of water demand in Tamil Nadu is 1894TMC.
Reasoning(R): The Water resources in the state are 1587TMC in drought conditions.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is True but R is False.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
The total assessed water resources in Tamil Nadu amount to 1,587 TMC (Thousand million cubic feet) while the state government’s demand estimate is 1,894 TMC. Demand exceeds supply by 19.3%, this happens when rainfall is “normal”.
165. How many blocks of ground water are classified as safe by the Government of Tamil Nadu?
a) 300 c) 145
b) 234 d) 462
Explanation
The Tamil Nadu government classifies groundwater blocks into different categories. Only 145 of 385 such blocks are classified safe. The others are in various stages of depletion.
166. How many stages of ground water depletions are classified in Tamil Nadu?
a) 2 c) 4
b) 3 d) 5
Explanation
The ground water depletion is classified as over-exploited, critical and semi-critical.
167. What percentage of saline water blocks is available in Tamil Nadu?
a) 5% c) 2%
b) 1% d) 3%
Explanation
In Tamil Nadu about 2% of the ground water blocks are already saline. About 64% of the total area of the state is drought prone.
168. Which of these districts does not fall under the drought prone zone?
a) Villupuram c) Ramanathapuram
b) Madurai d) Kanyakumari
Explanation
Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Kanyakumari, Madurai, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Tirunelveli, and Tiruchirappalli are the districts which are more droughts prone.
169. What are the techniques for reducing the water deficit?
a) Rain water harvesting c) Water Alternative
b) Constructing Dams d) Using separate water sources
Explanation
To manage the water deficit rain water harvesting and water conservation methods have to be implemented strictly.
170. Which of these districts are the worst affected desertification areas in Tamil Nadu?
a) Theni c) Niligris
b) Virudhunagar d) All the above
Explanation
According to the desertification atlas prepared by the ISRO, about 12 percent of the total geographical area is under desertification and land degradation. Theni, Virudhunagar, the Niligris and Kanyakumari are the worst affected districts.
171. What are the methods followed for water conservation?
a) Changing the crop pattern
b) Renovating Traditional water sources
c) Use of geothermal water
d) All the above
Explanation
Some methods of water conservation are Protection of water from pollution;
- Redistribution of water; rational use of groundwater; population control
- Renovation of traditional water sources; use of modern irrigation methods
- Increasing forest cover
- Changing crop pattern
- Flood management and use of geothermal water
172. State the correct statements regarding the Forest fire incidents in Tamil Nadu
i) Tamil Nadu is a Sub-tropical state.
ii) The high summer temperature causes forest fire regularly.
a) i only c) Both i and ii
b) ii only d) None of the above
Explanation
Tamil Nadu is a tropical state. The high temperature during summer leads to occasional forest fire in deciduous and thorn forests.
173. Which type of forests is affected with the forest fire?
a) Deciduous forest c) Mangrove forest
b) Tropical forest d) Montane Temperate forest
Explanation
The high temperature during summer in Tamil Nadu leads to occasional forest fire in deciduous and thorn forests.
174. Which of these districts was affected by a severe Forest fire recently?
a) Niligris c) Virudhunagar
b) Theni d) Dharmapuri
Explanation
The recent fire accident in the state took place in 2018. The tragedy happened on March 11 when 37 people from Chennai and Erode regions were returning after a trekking trip to the Kurangani hills in Theni district. In the aftermath of the Kurangani forest fire, Tamil Nadu government has banned trekking in the state for two months every year (February15 to April 15).
175. What was the Richter scale measure of the earthquake caused by the Tsunami in the year 2004?
a) 5.9 c) 6.5
b) 3.7 d) 8.9
Explanation
In the 2004 Tsunami the killer waves were triggered by an earthquake measuring 8.9 on the Richter scale that had an epicenter near the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. Waves rose up to 6-10 meters and the impact was felt up to the East African coast affecting Somalia, Tanzania and Kenya.
176. Assertion (A): Tsunami is a common and regularly occurring disaster in India.
Reasoning(R): All most all the countries around the Bay of Bengal were affected by the 2004 Tsunami.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Though Tsunami is not a common one in India, its incident in 2004 alerted India and the state of Tamil Nadu on this aspect. Almost all the countries situated around the Bay of Bengal were affected by the tsunami waves in the morning hours of 26 December 2004.
177. What are the risk measures to be taken at the time of Tsunami?
a) Do not travel at risk areas.
b) Try to reach nearest High ground or Upper story of a Building.
c) Never try to watch the Tsunami waves.
d) All the above
Explanation
There are some measures to be taken at the time of Tsunami to reduce the casualties.
- Take your get away kit, don’t travel areas at risk
- Move immediately nearest high ground
- If you can’t escape tsunami, go to an upper stores of the building or climb onto a roof or tree or grab a floating objects
- Never go to the shore to watch tsunami
- Listen to local radio stations as emergency management
178. Which of these districts were not affected by the Tremors and Tidal waves?
a) Nagapattinam c) Kanyakumari
b) Cuddalore d) Thanjavur
Explanation
Tremors and Tidal waves hit South India and Large Scale devastation was reported. Over a thousand people have been killed in tidal waves in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Tamil Nadu was the “worst affected” state of India in this incident. Casualties reported were very high in Nagapattinam (700), Kanyakumari (250) and Cuddalore (200) districts.
179. In which of these years Tsunami was reported earlier in India?
a) 1883 c) 1988
b) 1941 d) 1945
Explanation
Earlier, the tsunami was reported in India in 1881 and 1941.
180. Assertion (A): The High risk zones of Earth quakes are situated in Northern and central parts of India.
Reasoning(R): Tamil Nadu is under the low risk zone of earthquakes.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is True but R is False.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
India is a vast country which experiences many earthquakes at different periods. Generally high risk zones of the country are located in the north and central parts. The state of Tamil Nadu is located in the moderately low risk zone.