Population Geography 12th Geography Lesson 1 Questions in English

12th Geography Lesson 1 Questions in English

1] Population Geography

1. Who among the following said that he thinks the human species will have to populate a new planet within 100 years if it is to survive, that BBC confirmed?

1. Albert Einstein
2. Nickola Tesla
3. Newton
4. Stephen Hawking

Explanation

‘Professor Stephen Hawking thinks the human species will have to populate a new planet within 100 years if it is to survive,’ the BBC confirmed. ‘With climate change, overdue asteroid strikes, epidemics and population growth, our own planet is increasingly precarious,’ the news outlet continued.

2. Which among the following is the statistical study of human population?

1. Stratigraphy
2. Polarography
3. Demography
4. Serigraphy

Explanation

Demography is the statistical study of human population. It includes the study of size, structure and distribution of population as well as changes in time and location in response to birth, migration, aging and death. ‘Population explosion’ is one of the greatest challenges that we are facing today.

3. Which among the following is not the factor that influence the distribution of Population?

1. Soil
2. Adequate Water Supply
3. Relief
4. Global Warming

Explanation

Population is spread unevenly across the continents. A large number of factors influence the distribution and growth of population over the earth’s surface. They are 1. Relief, 2. Accessibility, 3. Adequate Water Supply, 4. Soil and 5. Economic and Political factors.

4. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Rugged mountains pose various obstacles such as unsuitable conditions for the construction of rail-roads and highways, unfavourable conditions for agricultural crops because of short growing season, lack of cultivable land and snowy winters do not encourage large settlement areas. Hence, the mountainous areas support a few people.
2. Areas with well-developed transport infrastructure and links through road, rail, shipping, canals and air are likely to be less densely populated than areas which are poorly connected with transport network. In earlier times, in the absence of water transport, all islands remained virtually inhabited. One of the reasons why mountains are inhabited by people is lack of accessibility.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

Areas with well-developed transport infrastructure and links through road, rail, shipping, canals and air are likely to be more densely populated than areas which are poorly connected with transport network. In earlier times, in the absence of water transport, all islands remained virtually uninhabited. One of the reasons why mountains are not inhabited by people is lack of accessibility.

5. Which among the following is not the fertile lowlands?

1. Ganges
2. Neelam
3. Brahmaputra
4. All the above

Explanation

A large concentration of population is found in the fertile lowlands such as the Ganges and Brahmaputra in India, Hwang-Ho in China and plains of North-Western Europe and the USA. This is mainly due to flat level land which is fertile, favourable conditions for agriculture, long growing seasons and suitable condition for the settlement.

6. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Population distribution is affected very much by the presence or absence of water in any region. Water supply is essential for human survival and development. Areas which have sufficient water tend to have denser population than areas which are dry or suffer from regular drought.
2. Well-watered regions of the Great Northern plains of India are densely populated whereas drought prone areas of Sahara are sparsely populated. Dense population is found in the Ganges valley of India, in Indus valley of Pakistan and Hwang-Ho valley of China. On the other hand, desert soil of Sahara region is sparsely populated.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

7. Which soil throughout the world have encouraged dense settlement of population because they support agricultural activities?

1. Black soil
2. Alluvial soil
3. Laterite soil
4. Red soil

Explanation

Fertile alluvial soils of river valleys throughout the world have encouraged dense settlement of population because they support agricultural activities. The high density of population in parts of East and South-East Asia is dependent mainly on fertile soil.

8. Ten most populous countries of the world together make up nearly what percentage of the world’s population?

1. 60%
2. 70%
3. 75%
4. 80%

Explanation

Ten most populous countries of the world together make up nearly 60% of the world’s population. The population distribution refers to the way the people are spread over the earth’s surface. The population distribution is uneven worldwide. The analysis of the pattern of population distribution and density is fundamental to the study of demographic characteristics of any area.

9. Which among the following term used to find Density of population?

1. Total area of the country \ Total population
2. Average population \ Total area of the country
3. Total population \ Total area of the country
4. Total population \ Average population

Explanation

The number of persons living per unit of land areas gives a better picture. This is expressed in the form of density of population per sq.km of land area. Density of population = Total population \ Total area of the country. Compared with simple arithmetic density, physiological or nutritional density is a more refined method of calculating man-land ratios.

10. Which is the ratio between total population and total cropped area?

1. Nutritional density
2. Green density
3. Co-operative density
4. Rural density

Explanation

Physiological or Nutritional density is the ratio between total population and total cropped area.

11. What is the percentage of total arable land in the world?

1. 42.4.%
2. 38.2%
3. 13.3%
4. 8.4%

Explanation

The total arable land in the world is 13.3% and the nutritional density of the world is 325 per sq.km of land. The total percentage of arable land is 48.83 in India and its nutritional density is 753 per sq.km of land.

12. Which among the following country has the highest nutritional density of population of 440,998 per sq.km of land the world?

1. Indonesia
2. Singapore
3. Japan
4. South Korea

Explanation

Singapore has the highest nutritional density of population of 440,998 per sq.km of land the world.

13. The areas of density of population can be divided into how many times?

1. Two
2. Three
3. Four
4. Six

Explanation

The areas of density of population can be divided into three as follows: 1. High density areas of population,2. Moderate density areas of population and 3. Low density areas of population.

14. Which among the following Areas is not the High-density areas of population?

1. Central and North-Western Europe.
2. Southern Asia, comprising India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
3. North-Eastern part of the United States of America
4. Western blocks of Russia

Explanation

There are four major areas of high density of population with more than 100 persons per sq.km. Areas include: a. Eastern Asia, including china, Japan and Republic of Korea. b. Southern Asia, comprising India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. c. North-Eastern part of the United States of America. d. Central and North-Western Europe.

15. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Fertile plains with favourable climate and highly industrialised and urbanised areas are generally densely populated. Eastern Asia and South Asia have high density of population due to the concentration of manufacturing industries.
2. The plains and river valleys of India and China are densely populated. In the last two groups i.e. North Eastern United States of America and North – Western Europe which are densely populated due to favourable environmental conditions such as favourable climate, fertile soil and large areas of plains which encourage the growth of agriculture.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

Fertile plains with favourable climate and highly industrialised and urbanised areas are generally densely populated. Eastern Asia and South Asia have high density of population due to favourable environmental conditions such as favourable climate, fertile soil and large areas of plains which encourage the growth of agriculture. The plains and river valleys of India and China are densely populated. In the last two groups i.e. North Eastern United States of America and North – Western Europe which are densely populated due to the concentration of manufacturing industries.

16. What was the population per sq.km for Moderate density areas of population?

1. Between 10 and 90 persons
2. Between 10 and 80 persons
3. Between 10 and 70 persons
4. Between 20 and 90 persons

Explanation

The areas of moderate density of population have between 10 and 80 persons per sq.km.

17. Which among the following is not the areas of moderate density of population?

1. Amazon forest region of South America and Congo forest region of Africa
2. Central part of the United States of America
3. Deccan Plateau of India
4. Southern portion of the Plateau of Mexico

Explanation

The areas of moderate density of population include Central part of the United States of America, Tropical Western Africa, Western blocks of Russia, Eastern Europe, Deccan Plateau of India, Central China, Southern portion of the Plateau of Mexico, North-Eastern Brazil and Central Chile, The above areas are characterised by the well-developed agricultural activities, favourable climate, fertile soils, fishing, etc.

18. Which among the following is not the areas of low-density areas of population?

1. Amazon forest region of South America and Congo forest region of Africa
2. Arctic area of Canada, Greenland and the Polar regions
3. Southern portion of the Plateau of Mexico
4. Sahara, Kalahari, Arabia, Great desert of Australia

Explanation

About half the area of the world has population less than 10 persons per sq.km. Certain vast areas remain completely uninhabited. The main areas are A) Amazon forest region of South America and Congo forest region of Africa. B) Arctic area of Canada, Greenland and the Polar regions. C) Great deserts of the world i.e. Sahara, Kalahari, Arabia, Great desert of Australia, Atacama Desert of South America, desert regions of Western United States and Thar Desert of India. D) High mountainous regions in all continents. E) Antarctica.

19. Which among the following is one of the most sparsely populated countries of the world with an average density of population of 2 persons per sq.km?

1. Indonesia
2. Australia
3. Japan
4. Argentina

Explanation

Australia with an average density of population of 2 persons per sq.km is one of the most sparsely populated countries of the world. However, inhabitants of these areas have high standard of living.

20. Which among the following is not the reasons for low density of population?

1. Bad and unfavourable environment conditions for human settlement.
2. Government policy
3. Lack of transport and communication
4. Abundance of economic activities

Explanation

The reasons for low density of population are: a. Bad and unfavourable environment conditions for human settlement. b. Lack of economic activities. c. Lack of transport and communication. d. Government policy.

21. Which among the following statement is correct

1. In the first century (C.E) it was below 300 million. The expanding world trade during the sixteenth and seventeenth century, set the stage for rapid population growth. Around 1750, at the dawn of Industrial Revolution, the world population was 550 million. World population exploded in the eighteenth century after the Industrial Revolution.
2. Technological advancement achieved so far improvement of birth rate and provided a stage for accelerated population growth. The current world population of 7.6 billion is expected to reach 9.6 billion in 2030, 10.7 billion in 2050 and 15.1 billion in 2100, according to a new World Bank report being launched.
3. With roughly 83 million people being added to the world’s population every year, the upward trend in population size is expected to continue, even assuming that fertility levels will continue to decline. The current world population, according to UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Feb, 2019, is 7,685,036,620.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Technological advancement achieved so far helped in the reduction of birth rate and provided a stage for accelerated population growth. The current world population of 7.6 billion is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.7 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100, according to a new United Nations report being launched.

22. Around which year the population of India is expected to surpass that of China?

1. 2024
2. 2030
3. 2036
4. 2042

Explanation

China (with 1.4 billion inhabitants) and India (1.3 billion inhabitants) remain the two most populous countries, comprising 19% and 18% of the total global population respectively. In roughly seven years, or around 2024, the population of India is expected to surpass that of China.

23. The population of which country, currently the world’s 7th largest, is projected to surpass that of the United States and become the third largest country in the world shortly before 2050?

1. Canada
2. Nigeria
3. Sudan
4. Mexico

Explanation

Among the ten largest countries worldwide, Nigeria is growing the most rapidly. Consequently, the population of Nigeria, currently the world’s 7th largest, is projected to surpass that of the United States and become the third largest country in the world shortly before 2050.

24. Which among the following country it is expected that half of the world’s population growth will be concentrated in just nine countries from 2017 to 2050?

1. Canada
2. Mexico
3. Singapore
4. United States of America

Explanation

From 2017 to 2050, it is expected that half of the world’s population growth will be concentrated in just nine countries: India, Nigeria, Congo, Pakistan, Ethiopia, the United Republic of Tanzania, the United States of America, Uganda and Indonesia (ordered by their expected contribution to total growth).

25. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The group of 47 least developed countries (LDCs) continues to have a relatively high level of fertility, which stood at 4.3 births per woman in 2010-2015. As a result, the population of these countries has been growing rapidly, at around 2.4 % per year.
2. Although this rate of increase is expected to slow significantly over the coming decades, the combined population of the LDCs, roughly one billion in 2017, is projected to increase by 33 % between 2017 and 2030, world population will reach 9.7 billion in 2050.
3. Similarly, Europe continues to experience high rates of population growth. Between 2017 and 2050, the populations of 26 Europe countries are projected to expand to at least double their current size.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Similarly, Africa continues to experience high rates of population growth. Between 2017 and 2050, the populations of 26 African countries are projected to expand to at least double their current size.

26. Which among the following statement is incorrect

1. The concentration of global population growth in the poorest countries presents a considerable challenge to governments in implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which seeks to end poverty and hunger, expand and update health and education systems, achieve gender equality and women’s empowerment, reduce inequality and ensure that no one is left behind.
2. Population in the world is currently (2019) growing at a rate of around 1.09% per year (down from 1.12% in 2017 and 1.14% in 2016). It is estimated to reach 1% by 2023, less than 0.5% by 2052, and 0.25% in 2076. In 2100, it should be only 0.09% or an addition of only 10 million people to a total population of 11.2 billion. World population will, therefore, continue to grow in the 21st century.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

27. Which among the following statement is incorrect

1. Doubling time is the amount of time it takes for a given quantity of population to double in size at a constant growth rate. We can find the doubling time for a population undergoing exponential growth by using the Rule of 80. It is because the population of a country becomes double in 80 years if the growth rate is 5%.
2. Thus, we divide 80 by the growth rate and we get the doubling time of population growth rate. For example, if the growth rate is 2.08, divide 80 by 2.08 and we get 38.46 years as the doubling time of population.
3. World population has doubled in 40 years from 1959 (3 billion) to 1999 (6 billion). It is now estimated that it will take another nearly 40 years to increase by another 50% to become 9 billion by 2037. The latest world population projections indicate that world population will reach 10 billion persons in the year 2055 and 11 billion in the year 2088.
4. Only 3
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 1 and 3
7. Both 2 and 3

Explanation

Doubling time is the amount of time it takes for a given quantity of population to double in size at a constant growth rate. We can find the doubling time for a population undergoing exponential growth by using the Rule of 70. It is because the population of a country becomes double in 70 years if the growth rate is 1%.

Thus, we divide 70 by the growth rate and we get the doubling time of population growth rate. For example, if the growth rate is 2.08, divide 70 by 2.08 and we get 33.6 years as the doubling time of population.

28. According to whom, the 6 billion figures were reached on October 12, 1999 (celebrated as the Day of 6 Billion)?

1. World Bank
2. IMF
3. UNICEF
4. United Nation

Explanation

According to the United Nations, the 6 billion figures was reached on October 12, 1999 (celebrated as the Day of 6 Billion). World population reached 7 Billion on October 31, 2011. The current world population is 7.7 billion as of Feb 2019 according to the most recent United Nations estimates. The United Nations projects world population to reach 8 billion in 2023 and 10 billion in the year 2056.

29. Which among the following country is not the Developed countries?

1. Japan
2. Canada
3. Brazil
4. New Zealand

Explanation

Developed countries like US, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and countries of western Europe have a low growth rate of population in these countries is due to low birth rates and low death rates. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate in these countries is the lowest.

30. Which among the following country is not the developing countries?

1. South Sudan
2. Pakistan
3. Brazil
4. Indonesia

Explanation

This category includes the developing countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan, Brazil, Bolivia, Mongolia, Indonesia and many other Africa and South American countries, where the growth rate of nearly 2 % is also included among these countries though the growth rate here has started declining. These are the Areas of Moderate Growth Rate.

31. Which among the following country does not come under area of high growth rate?

1. Mexico
2. Iran
3. Mongolia
4. Libya

Explanation

Countries like Mexico, Iran, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, Kenya and Kuwait make this category. In fact, most of the African countries with a growth rate of 3% fall in this category.

32. A situation where the number of people that can be supported is the same as the available resources is known as _____

1. Over population
2. Under-Population
3. Optimum Population
4. Down Population

Explanation

i) Over population: situation whereby the population is considered too large for the available resources. ii) Under – population: a situation where the population is less than the available resources of a country. iii) Optimum – population: a situation where the number of people that can be supported is the same as the available resources.

33. As of 2014, the global sex ratio at birth is estimated at how many boys to 100 girls?

1. 101
2. 107
3. 110
4. 112

Explanation

The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. As of 2014, the global sex ratio at birth is estimated at 107 boys to 100 girls (1000 boys per 934 girls).

34. Which among the following state has the highest sex ratio in India?

1. Kerala
2. Delhi
3. Tamil Nadu
4. Andhra Pradesh

Explanation

Kerala has the highest sex ratio in the country with 1084 females for 1000 males followed by Puducherry with 1037 females for 1000 males and Tamil Nadu with 996 females for 1000 males.

35. The sex ratio of India is how many females for every 1000 males according to 2011?

1. 983
2. 963
3. 933
4. 921

Explanation

The sex ratio of India is 933 females for every 1000 males according to 2011.

36. Which country holds the number one spot among countries with the highest male to female ratio in the world in 2018?

1. Egypt
2. Iran
3. Saudi Arabia
4. Qatar

Explanation

With an astounding ratio of 315 males to 100 females, Qatar holds the number one spot among countries with the highest male to female ratio in the world in 2018.

37. Which is a term for people whose gender identity matches the sex that they were assigned at birth?

1. Transgender
2. Cisgender
3. Queer
4. All the above

Explanation

Cisgender (often abbreviated to simply CIS) is a term for people whose gender identity matches the sex that they were assigned at birth. It is the opposite of the term transgender.

38. Which among the following are graphical representations of the age and sex of a population?

1. Population line
2. Population square
3. Population pyramid
4. Population circle

Explanation

Population pyramids are graphical representations of the age and sex of a population. For this reason, population pyramids are also referred to as age-sex pyramids. We refer to these graphs as pyramids because they are usually shaped like triangles and population pyramids also take other shapes. Population pyramids usually have males on the left side and females on the right. There is also a vertical line in the middle of the graph that separates the males from the females.

39. Which is a former Soviet Union country and experienced a great decline in male population during World War two?

1. Latvia
2. Austria
3. Cyprus
4. Poland

Explanation

Latvia is a former Soviet Union country and experienced a great decline in male population during World War two. By 2015, there were 84.8 males for every 100 females. The proportion of the female was 54.10% of the total population. Women enjoy a longer life expectancy living 11 years more than men.

40. According to which organization there are still 750 million illiterate adults, twothirds of whom are women?

1. World Bank
2. United Nations
3. UNESCO
4. IMF

Explanation

Total number of literate persons in a given age group, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group. Literacy rates continue to rise from one generation to the next. Yet according to new data from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, there are still 750 million illiterate adults, two thirds of whom are women. These numbers are a stark reminder of the work ahead to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 and 5 and the Education 2030 targets.

41. Which state in India has the least literature rate?

1. Uttar Pradesh
2. Bihar
3. Kerala
4. Madhya Pradesh

Explanation

India’s literacy rate is at 74.04%. Bihar is the least literate state in India, with a literacy of 63.82%.

42. Which state has the highest literature rate in India according to 2011 census?

1. Tamil Nadu
2. Kerala
3. West Bengal
4. Karnataka

Explanation

Kerala has achieved a literacy rate of 93.91% according to 2011. Several other social indicators of the two states (Kerala and Bihar) are correlated with these rates, such as life expectancy at birth (71.61 for males and 75 for females in Kerala, 65.66 for males and 64.79 for females in Bihar), infant mortality per 1,000 live births (10 in Kerala, 61 in Bihar), birth rate per 1,000 people (16.9 in Kerala, 30.9 in Bihar) and death rate per 1,000 people (6.4 in Kerala, 7.9 in Bihar).

43. Which among the following is not the Six Indian states account for about 70% of all illiterates in India?

1. Uttar Pradesh
2. Rajasthan
3. Andhra Pradesh
4. Maharashtra

Explanation

Six Indian states account for about 70% of all illiterates in India: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. Slightly less than half of all Indian illiterates (48.12%) are in the six Hindi speaking states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.

44. How many types of Age-Sex pyramid are there?

1. Two
2. Three
3. Six
4. Five

Explanation

There are three types of Age – Sex pyramids: expansive, constrictive, and stationary.

45. In which Age-Sex pyramid there is lower percentage of younger people?

1. Expansive Age-Sex pyramid
2. Constrictive Age-Sex pyramid
3. Stationary Age-Sex pyramid
4. Piking Age-Sex pyramid

Explanation

Constrictive Age – Sex pyramids are named so because they are constricted at the bottom. There is a lower percentage of younger people. Constrictive Age – Sex pyramids show declining birth rates, since each succeeding age group is getting smaller and smaller.

46. Which Age – Sex pyramids depict populations that have a larger percentage of people in younger age groups?

1. Expansive Age-Sex pyramid
2. Constrictive Age-Sex pyramid
3. Stationary Age-Sex pyramid
4. Piking Age-Sex pyramid

Explanation

Expansive Age – Sex pyramids depict populations that have a larger percentage of people in younger age groups. Populations with this shape usually have high fertility rates with lower life expectancies. Many third world countries have expansive Age – Sex pyramids.

47. Which among the following country is example of Constrictive Age – Sex pyramids?

1. Kenya
2. Austria
3. United States of America
4. Afghanistan

Explanation

The United States has a constrictive Age – Sex pyramid.

48. Which among the following country comes under Stationary Age – Sex pyramids?

1. Kenya
2. Austria
3. Afghanistan
4. Bangladesh

Explanation

Stationary Age – Sex pyramids are those that show a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. There is not a decrease or increase in population; it is stable. Austria has a stationary Age – Sex pyramid.

Expansive Age – Sex pyramids are such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Kenya, and some countries of Latin America. such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Kenya, and some countries of Latin America.

49. The movement out of an area to other regions is called _______

1. Immigration
2. In-migration
3. Emigration
4. All the above

Explanation

Migration is an important control of population growth after fertility and mortality. Migration of people into an area from outside is called immigration or in-migration while movement out of an area to other regions is called emigration or out-migration.

50. Which among the following statement is correct?

1. The purpose of making this Age – Sex pyramid is to find out the comparison between the number of men and women, the number of workers, and the structure of the population in a country quickly.
2. Immigration leads to a decrease growth rate of population; emigration increase the growth rate of population in the source region. Migration means the movement of people from one place to the other.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

Immigration leads to an increased growth rate of population; emigration lowers the growth rate of population in the source region. Migration means the movement of people from one place to the other.

51. Which among the following country has the largest number of emigrants in the world?

1. USA
2. India
3. Mexico
4. China

Explanation

Mexico’s emigration problem is a unique one, with more than 98% of all Mexican migrants living in the U.S.A, the country with which Mexico shares a border that runs 3110 km in length. The Mexican emigration rate increased substantially since the 1960s and, with more than 11% of Mexicans living abroad, Mexico is the country with the largest number of emigrants in the world.

52. According to estimates from the UN 2015 report, which mong the following country was not mentioned as countries with large number of immigrants in 2013?

1. United States
2. Germany
3. Russia
4. Japan

Explanation

According to estimates from the UN 2015 report, in 2013, the United States, Germany and Russia had the largest number of immigrants of any country.

53. Which among the following country has the lowest immigrants in 2013 according to estimates from the UN 2015 report?

1. Moldova
2. Tuvalu
3. Latvia
4. Georgia

Explanation

Tuvalu and Tokelau had the lowest immigrant in 2013 according to estimates from the UN 2015 report.

54. How many types of migrations are there?

1. Two
2. Three
3. Five
4. Six

Explanation

There are six types of migrations are there. They are 1. Net migration, 2. International migration, 3. Internal migration, 4. Local Migration, 5. Voluntary migration and 6. Involuntary migration.

55. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Net Migration is the difference between immigration (in-migration) and emigration (out-migration). Positive value of net migration is that more people coming in and population growth, for example, 44% of North America and 88% of Europe. Negative value of migration is more people going out and population decline.
2. Internal Migration occurs within a country. It is crossing of population within domestic jurisdictional boundaries. It is the movement of people between states or provinces. There is little government control over internal migration.
3. Emigration is an indicator of economic and or social failures of a society. It is a crossing of a national boundary. It is easier to control and monitor. There are laws to control or inhibit these movements. Between 2 million and 3 million people emigrate each year. Between 1965 and 2000, 175 million people have migrated: it accounts for 3% of the global population.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

56. Americans change residence every how many years?

1. 5 to 7 years
2. 5 to 10 years
3. 8 to 10 years
4. 4 to 8 years

Explanation

Local migration is the migration of the people within state or district. No state boundaries are crossed in the local migration. It happens for several reasons such as buying a new house in the same town or city, difficult to research since they are usually missed in census data. It is based on change of income or lifestyle. Americans change residence every 5 to 7 years.

57. Which among the following statement is incorrect

1. Voluntary migration is where the migrant makes the decision to move. Most migration is voluntary. Involuntary migration is a forced migration in which the migrant has no role in the decision-making process. It includes mostly slavery.
2. It is estimated that about 11 million African slaves were brought to the England between 1519 and 1867. In 1860, there were close to 4 million slaves in the United Kingdom. People involve in the involuntary migration are refugees due to military conscription, children of migrants, people in the situations of divorce or separation.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

It is estimated that about 11 million African slaves were brought to the Americas between 1519 and 1867. In 1860, there were close to 4 million slaves in the United States. People involve in the involuntary migration are refugees due to military conscription, children of migrants, people in the situations of divorce or separation.

58. Which among the following is related to educationally specific selective migrations?

1. Economic Drain
2. Graduate Drain
3. Brain Drain
4. Fine Drain

Explanation

Brain drain is related to educationally specific selective migrations. Some countries are losing the most educated segment of their population. It can be both a benefit for the receiving country and a problem to the country of origin.

59. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Receiving country is getting highly qualified labour which is contributing to the economy right away. It promotes economic growth in strategic sectors: science and technology. It does not have to pay education and health costs, for example, 30% of Mexicans with a PhD are in the US.
2. Education and health costs are not paid back to the country of origin. It is losing potential leaders and talent: Between 15 and 40% of a graduating class in Canada will move to the US. It has long term impact on economic growth. It has the possibility of getting remittances. Many brains drain migrants have skills which they can’t use at home: The resources and technology may not be available there.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

60. We can divide factors causing migrations into how many groups?

1. Two
2. Three
3. Five
4. Six

Explanation

We can divide factors causing migrations into two groups of factors as push and pull Factors. Push and pull factors are those factors which either forcefully push people into migration or attract them. Push and Pull factors are usually considered as north and south poles on a magnet.

61. Which among the following is not the push factor of migration?

1. Political fear
2. Pollution
3. Bullying
4. Security

Explanation

A push factor is forceful, and a factor which relates to the country from which a person migrates. Some push factors are Not enough jobs, few opportunities, desertification, famine/ drought, political fear/ persecution, poor medical care, loss of wealth, landlords, natural disasters, death threats, slavery, pollutions, poor housing, bullying and poor chances of finding courtship.

62. Which among the following is not the pull factor of migration?

1. Industry
2. Education
3. Religious freedom
4. Landlords

Explanation

A pull factor is something concerning the country to which a person migrates. It is generally a benefit that attracts people to a certain place. Some pull factors are job opportunities, better living conditions, political and or religious freedom, enjoyment, education, better medical care, security, family links, industry, better chances of finding courtship.

63. Which among the following statement is incorrect

1. Overpopulation is the state whereby the human population rises to an extent exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecological setting. In an overpopulated environment, the numbers of people might be more than the available essential materials for survival such as transport, water, shelter, food or social amenities.
2. This regularly contributes to environmental deterioration, worsening in the quality of life, or even the disintegration of the population. Due to immigration, the decline in mortality rates, medical breakthroughs, and stable birth rates, populations will always decrease and eventually gives rise to underpopulation.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

This regularly contributes to environmental deterioration, worsening in the quality of life, or even the disintegration of the population. Due to immigration, the decline in mortality rates, medical breakthroughs, and increased birth rates, populations will always increase and eventually gives rise to overpopulation.

64. Which among the following is not the impact of overpopulation?

1. Depletion of Natural Resources
2. Decreased Intensive Farming
3. Decrease of Fresh Water
4. Accelerated Habitat Loss

Explanation

Overpopulation thus contributes to some of the most compelling environmental problems which encompass: 1. Depletion of Natural Resources, 2. Accelerated Habitat Loss, 3. Amplified Climate Change and Global Warming, 4. Loss of Biodiversity, 5. Decrease of fresh water, 6. Lower Life Expectancy and Diminished Quality of Life, 7. Rise in Unemployment, Crime Rate, and Violence and 8. Increased Intensive Farming.

65. Which among the following statement is correct

1. As human population keeps on increasing, exhaustible natural resources such as arable land, coral reefs, fresh water, fossil fuels, and forests continue to drop sharply. This creates competitive demands on the vital life-sustaining resources and contributes to an incredible decline in the quality of life.
2. The more the number of people, the more the number of vehicles and industries would be. Furthermore, more population tends to increased use of energy sources such as coal and firewood which contributes to increased greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Because of the accumulation of human generated greenhouse gases and carbon footprint in the atmosphere, the planet has continued to witness amplified global warming and climate change. The effects of climate change and global warming are resulting in extreme hunger, drought, flooding, and loss of habitat.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

66. Rainforest originally covered how many percentages of earth’s surface?

1. 25%
2. 20%
3. 17%
4. 14%

Explanation

The increased loss of the ecosystems including wetlands, wildlife, rainforests, coral reefs, aquatic life forms, and grasslands are highly influenced by overpopulation. For example, rainforests originally covered 14% of the entire earth’s surface. Today, rainforest only cover about 6% of the earth’s surface and scientists’ project it may even become less in the next four decades judged by the current rate of vegetation removal, logging, and deforestation.

67. Due to environmental pollution, how many percentages of the ocean reefs have been lost because of acidification and global warming since 1980?

1. 40%
2. 30%
3. 25%
4. 21%

Explanation

Besides, due to environmental pollution, 30% of the ocean reefs have been lost because of acidification and global warming since 1980. Also, more than half of the original wetlands have been lost.

68. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Overpopulation has caused encroachment into frontier forests and destruction of natural ecosystems that has led to the mass extinction of species. The number of threatened species persists to multiply in number whereas some have completely gone extinct. This is because of human activities such as over exploitation of natural resources and destruction of natural systems which are necessary for the survival of different species.
2. As population has grown over the years, farming practices have declines to produce only shortage of food to feed larger numbers of people. However, intensive farming methods try to produce required amount to local ecosystems and the land, which may control problems in the future.
3. The unrelenting nature of overpopulation on the earth has destroyed most of the world’s fresh water systems. Most of the lakes, streams, rivers and ground water making up fresh water have been polluted. According to the global outlook of water resources, these activities influenced by overpopulation have only left less than 1% of the planet’s fresh water readily accessible for human utilization.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

As population has grown over the years, farming practices have evolved to produce enough food to feed larger numbers of people. However, intensive farming methods also cause damage to local ecosystems and the land, which may pose problems in the future.

69. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Overpopulation lowers the standards of living since it creates stress on the vital resources for survival and increases the difficulty of accessing the consistent supply of quality food, water, energy, health, security and shelter. Consequently, it makes the poor to become poorer, and they often opt for poor living conditions to survive.
2. Overpopulation gives rise to higher life expectancy. The situation is common in developing nations such as southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where most of the poor populations submit to enormous and rich diets.
3. In overpopulated nations, the available jobs are fewer than the overall job seeking population. This contributes to high levels of unemployment. In turn, lack of employment leads to elevated crime rates because of theft, drug cartels, and militia groups which are exploited as options for attaining basic resources.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Overpopulation gives rise to lower life expectancy. The situation is serious in developing nations such as southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where most of the poor populations submit to inadequate and poor diets.

70. Which among the following is Measures to control overpopulation?

1. Creating Awareness Campaigns
2. National Security issue
3. Changing Social Norms
4. All the above

Explanation

Some Measures to control overpopulation are 1. Creating Awareness Campaigns, 2. Promotion of Adopting child, 3. Aiming for Single-Child Families, 4. National Security issue, 5. Changing Social Norms and 6. Providing Tax Benefits or Concessions.

71. Presently which state has the highest literacy rate in India?

1. Uttar Pradesh
2. Tripura
3. Mizoran
4. Kerala

Explanation

Presently Tripura has the highest literacy rate in India, 94.65 percent. Tripura attained 87.75 percent literacy in the 2011 census, from the 12th position in the 2001 census to the 4th position in the 2011 census.

72. Which among the following country has the lowest literacy rate of 21.8% (2015)?

1. Nigeria
2. Albania
3. Burkina Faso
4. Burundi

Explanation

The Adult literacy index (ALI) is a statistical measure used to determine how many adults can read and write in a certain area or nation. Adult literacy is one of the factors in measuring the Human Development Index (HDI) of each nation, along with life expectancy, education, and standard of living. Burkina Faso has the lowest literacy rate of 21.8% (2015).

73. Number of live births per thousand people in a year is known as ____

1. Crude Birth rate
2. Fertility rate
3. Life Expectancy rate
4. Dependency rate

Explanation

Crude Birth rate (Natality Rate): Number of live births per thousand people in a year. Crude Death Rate (Mortality Rate): Number of deaths per thousand people in a year.

74. Which among the following country has the lowest fertility rate in the world?

1. USA
2. Singapore
3. Japan
4. France

Explanation

Singapore has the lowest fertility rate of 0.83.

75. Which country has the Highest fertility rate in the world?

1. Chad
2. Niger
3. Burundi
4. Albania

Explanation

Fertility Rate: is the number of live births expected per 1000 women in their life times in a specified geographic area and for a specific point in time, usually a calendar year. Niger has the highest fertility rate of 6.49.

76. Which age group was identified as the working-age population?

1. 15 – 64 years age
2. 18 – 60 years age
3. 18 – 16 years age
4. 15 – 60 years age

Explanation

Number of dependents in a population divided by the number of working age people. It’s a calculation which groups those aged under 15 with those over 65 years as the ‘dependants’ and classifying those aged 15-64 years as ‘the working-age population’.

77. Which country has the lowest life expectancy rate in the world as of 2015?

1. Burundi
2. Albania
3. Malta
4. Chad

Explanation

Country with the lowest life expectancy rate is Chad at 49.81 years as of 2015.

78. Which country has the highest life expectancy in the world as of 2015?

1. Liechtenstein
2. Monaco
3. Poland
4. Malta

Explanation

Life expectancy equals the average number of years a person born in a given country is expected to live. As of 2015, the country with the highest life expectancy is Monaco at 89.52 years.