Rocks And Soils 8th Social Science Lesson 5 Questions in English
8th Social Science Lesson 5 Questions in English
5. Rocks And Soils
1. Which of the following is not realms of earth?
a) Biosphere
b) Atmosphere
c) Photosphere
d) Lithosphere
Explanation
The four realms of the earth, namely lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.
2. Which is the upper most and significant layer of the earth?
a) Lithosphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Hydrosphere
Explanation
Lithosphere is the upper most and significant layer of the earth.
3. What is the meaning of word ‘’LITHOSPHERE’’
a) The sphere of earth
b) The sphere of mountain
c) The sphere of sand
d) The sphere of rock
Explanation
Lithosphere is composed of solid rocks and unconsolidated materials. The literal meaning of lithosphere is “The sphere of rock”.
4. Which of the following statement is correct
1) The rocks are the solid mineral materials forming a part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets.
2) The earth’s crust is composed of water(hydrosphere)
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
The rocks are the solid mineral materials forming a part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets. The earth’s crust (Lithosphere) is composed of rocks.
5. How many basic minerals commonly found all over the earth?
a) 18
b) 12
c) 20
d) 16
Explanation
An estimation reveals that there are 2,000 different types of minerals found on the earth surface out of Which only 12 are the basic minerals commonly found all over the earth.
6. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
1) Rock is an important natural resource and is found in solid state. It may be hard or soft in nature
2) Minerals are chemical substances Which exist in nature. They may occur either in the form of elements or compounds.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
Rock is an important natural resource and is found in solid state. It may be hard or soft in nature. Minerals are chemical substances Which exist in nature. They may occur either in the form of elements or compounds.
7. Which of the following is not the classification of Rocks on the basis of mode of formation?
a) Igneous rock
b) Sedimentary rock
c) Mesomorphic rock
d) Metamorphic rock
Explanation
According to the mode of formation the rocks are classified into three types as follows. 1. Igneous Rocks 2. Sedimentary Rocks and 3. Metamorphic Rocks.
8. Which rock is formed by the solidification of molten magma?
a) Metamorphic rock
b) Sedimentary rock
c) Igneous rock
d) Mesomorphic rock
Explanation
The igneous rocks are formed by the solidification of molten magma.
9. Which of the following is not the characteristics of Igneous rock
a) These rocks are soft in nature
b) These are impermeable
c) They do not contain fossils
d) They are associated with the volcanic activities.
Explanation
characteristics of Igneous rock are
1.These rocks are hard in nature 2. These are impermeable 3. They do not contain fossils 4. They are associated with the volcanic activities 5. These rocks are useful for construction works.
10. Igneous rock are also called as the ______
a) Solid rock
b) Clay rock
c) Parent rock
d) Crystal rock
Explanation
The igneous rocks are also called as the ‘Primary Rocks’ or ‘Parent Rocks’ as all other rocks are formed from these rocks.
11. The two types of Igneous rock are extrusive igneous rock and ______
a) Exclusive Igneous Rocks
b) Intrusive Igneous Rocks
c) Inclusive Igneous Rocks
d) Entrusive Igneous Rocks
Explanation
Igneous Rocks are of two types. They are: 1. Extrusive Igneous Rocks 2. Intrusive Igneous Rocks.
12. A fiery red molten magma comes out from the interior of the earth on its surface is called ______
a) Lava
b) Ore
c) Volcano
d) Basalt
Explanation
Lava is actually a fiery red molten magma comes out from the interior of the earth on its surface.
13. Which of the following statement is correct
1) After reaching the earth surface the molten materials get solidified and form rocks.
2) Rocks formed in such a way on the crust are called Intrusive igneous rocks.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
After reaching the earth surface the molten materials get solidified and form rocks. Rocks formed in such a way on the crust are called Extrusive igneous rocks.
14. The molten magma sometimes cools down deep inside the earth’s crust and becomes solid. The rocks formed this way is called ______
a) Extrusive Igneous rock
b) Intrusive igneous rock
c) Sedimentary rock
d) Metamorphic rock
Explanation
The molten magma sometimes cools down deep inside the earth’s crust and becomes solid. The rocks formed this way is called ‘Intrusive Igneous Rocks’
15. Which of the following statement is correct
1) Extrusive igneous rocks are fine grained and glassy in nature due to rapid solidification
2) Basalt found in the north western part of peninsular India is the example for this type of rock.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
Extrusive igneous rocks are fine grained and glassy in nature due to rapid solidification. Basalt found in the north western part of peninsular India is the example for this type of rock.
16. Two types of Intrusive Igneous rocks are of plutonic rocks and ______
a) Solidation rock
b) Crystalline rock
c) Polaroid rock
d) Hypabysal rock
Explanation
Intrusive Igneous rocks are of two types. The deep seated rocks are called ‘Plutonic rocks’ and the ones formed at shallow depths are called ‘Hypabysal rocks’.
17. Which of the following is not plutonic rock
a) Dolerite
b) Granite
c) Diorite
d) Gabbro
Explanation
Granite, Diorite and Gabbro are the examples of plutonic rocks and Dolerite is an example of hypabysal rocks.
18. Which of the following statement is incorrect
1) The sedimentary rocks are formed by the sediments derived and deposited by various agents
2) Due to low temperature and pressure, the undisturbed sediments of long period cemented to form sedimentary rocks
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
The sedimentary rocks are formed by the sediments derived and deposited by various agents. Due to high temperature and pressure, the undisturbed sediments of long period cemented to form sedimentary rocks.
19. Sedimentary rocks consist consists of many strata, it is also known_____
a) Polaroid rock
b) Stratified rock
c) Sedi rocks
d) Strangulate rock
Explanation
Sedimentary rocks consist of many layers Which were formed by the sediments deposited at different periods. As it consists of many strata, it is also known as ‘Stratified rocks’.
20. Which of the following rock is called Crystalline rocks?
a) Sedimentary rock
b) Metamorphic rock
c) Intrusive Igneous Rocks
d) Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Explanation
Since the intrusive Igneous rocks consist of large crystals, they are also called as ‘Crystalline rocks’.
21. Which of the following is not the Characteristics of Sedimentary rocks
a) They have many layers.
b) They are crystalline rocks.
c) They contain fossils.
d) They are soft and get eroded easily
Explanation
Characteristics of Sedimentary rocks 1. They have many layers. 2. They are non-crystalline rocks. 3. They contain fossils. 4. They are soft and get eroded easily.
22. Which rocks are formed as a result of the decomposition of dead plants and animals?
a) Organic sedimentary rock
b) Chemical sedimentary rock
c) Fuel sedimentary rock
d) Green sedimentary rock
Explanation
Organic Sedimentary Rocks are formed as a result of the decomposition of dead plants and animals. It contains fossils.
23. Which rocks are formed from the disintegration of igneous and metamorphic rocks?
a) Chemical sedimentary rocks
b) Fuel sedimentary rocks
c) Mechanical sedimentary rock
d) Organic sedimentary rock
Explanation
Mechanical Sedimentary Rocks are formed from the disintegration of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
24. Which rocks are formed by precipitating of minerals from water?
a) Chemical sedimentary rock
b) Organic sedimentary rock
c) Mechanical sedimentary rock
d) Fuel sedimentary rock
Explanation
Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed by precipitating of minerals from water. It is formed usually through evaporation of chemical rich solutions.
25. Which of the following is not organic sedimentary rock
a) Chalk
b) Limestone
c) Talc
d) Rock salt
Explanation
Chalk, Talc, Dolomite and Limestone rocks are organic sedimentary rock.
26. Which of the following statement is correct
1) The natural agents erode and transport mechanical sedimentary rocks and deposit them at some places
2) After a long period of time, they cemented to form rocks.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
The natural agents erode and transport mechanical sedimentary rocks and deposit them at some places. After a long period of time, they cemented to form rocks.
27. If the change in the rocks is mainly caused by high temperature, then the rock is called
a) Dynamic metamorphism
b) Thermal metamorphism
c) Current metamorphism
d) Heat metamorphism
Explanation
If the change in the rocks is mainly caused by high temperature, the process is called as thermal metamorphism.
28. When Igneous and sedimentary rocks subject to high temperature and pressure, the original rocks get altered to form a new kind of rock called______
a) Chemical rocks
b) Clay rock
c) Metamorphic rock
d) Polaroid rock
Explanation
When Igneous and sedimentary rocks subject to high temperature and pressure, the original rocks get altered to form a new kind of rock called metamorphic rocks.
29. Which of the following is chemical sedimentary rock.
a) Rock salt
a) Dolomite
b) Clay
c) sandstone
Explanation
Rock Salt is an example of chemical sedimentary rock. Sandstone, Shale and Clay are the examples of Mechanical Sedimentary rocks.
30. `Which Rock is called as evaporates?
a) Organic sedimentary rock
b) Mechanical sedimentary rock
c) Dynamic metamorphic rock
d) Chemical sedimentary rock
Explanation
Chemical Sedimentary rocks are formed by precipitating of minerals from water. It is formed usually through evaporation of chemical rich solutions. These rocks are also called as evaporates
31. In Dynamic metamorphism, the change in the rock is mainly due to _____
a) Temperature
b) Humidity
c) Core
d) Pressure
Explanation
If the change in the rock is mainly caused by high pressure, the process is called as Dynamic Metamorphism
32. Which of the following statement is incorrect
1) Granite into gneiss caused by dynamic metamorphism
2) Sandstone into quartz caused by dynamic metamorphism.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
Granite into gneiss caused by dynamic metamorphism. Sandstone into quartz caused by thermal metamorphism.
33. Which rock is formed first on the earth?
a) Igneous rocks
b) Sedimentary rocks
c) Metamorphic rocks
d) Chemical rocks
Explanation
Igneous rocks are the primary rocks formed first on the earth.
34. The process of rocks of the earth crust keeps on changing from one form to another form under various natural forces and agents is called _____
a) Mountain formation
b) Sand cycle
c) Rock cycle
d) Mountain cycle
Explanation
The rocks of the earth crust keeps on changing from one form to another form under various natural forces and agents. The endless process is referred as Rock Cycle.
35. Which is the following statement is Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks
1) Metamorphic rocks are mostly non-crystalline in nature.
2) They consist of alternate bands of only dark minerals.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks 1. Metamorphic rocks are mostly crystalline in nature. 2. They consist of alternate bands of light and dark minerals.
36. Which of the following statement is correct
1) Basalt into slate caused by thermal metamorphism
2) Shale into slate caused by thermal metamorphism
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
Basalt into slate caused by thermal metamorphism. Shale into slate caused by thermal metamorphism.
37. The metamorphic rocks are also get disintegrated and deposited to form Which rocks?
a) Thermal Metamorphic rock
b) Dynamic Metamorphic rock
c) Sedimentary Rocks
d) Igneous rock
Explanation
The metamorphic rocks are also get disintegrated and deposited to form sedimentary rocks.
38. Which is the following statement is incorrect
1) Rocks are highly valuable and important to almost all aspects of our economy.
2) The minerals and metals in rocks have been found essential to human civilization.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
Rocks are highly valuable and important to almost all aspects of our economy. The minerals and metals in rocks have been found essential to human civilization.
39. What is the mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids and organisms that together support life?
a) Salt
b) Soil
c) Plant
d) Rock
Explanation
Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids and organisms that together support life.
40. Soil is also known as _______
a) Parent of the rock
b) Parent of the earth
c) Skin of the rock
d) Skin of the earth
Explanation
Soil minerals form the basis of soil. It forms on the surface of the earth. It is known as the ‘skin of the earth.
41. Which is the parent material of soil, from Which it formed?
a) Rock
b) Gravity
c) Temperature
d) Mountain
Explanation
Soils are produced from rocks (parent material) through the processes of weathering and natural erosion. Water, wind, temperature change, gravity, chemical interaction, living organisms and pressure differences all help break down parent material.
42. Soil contain what percentage of mineral particles in it?
a) 38%
b) 25%
c) 45%
d) 12%
Explanation
The basic components of soil are mineral, organic matter, water and air. It consists of about 45% mineral, 5% organic matter, 25% of water and 25% air.
43. Which soils are found in the regions of river valleys, flood plains and coastal regions?
a) Red soil
b) Alluvial soil
c) Black soil
d) Dessert soil
Explanation
Alluvial soils are found in the regions of river valleys, flood plains and coastal regions. These are formed by the deposition of silt by the running water.
44. Which soil is clayey in nature, formed by weathering of igneous rocks?
a) Red soil
b) Dessert soil
c) Mountain soil
d) Black soil
Explanation
Black soils are formed by weathering of igneous rocks. Black soil is clayey in nature. It is retentive of moisture.
45. Which soils are formed by weathering of metamorphic rocks and crystalline rocks?
a) Red soil
b) Dessert soil
c) Alluvial soil
d) Black soil
Explanation
Red soils are formed by weathering of metamorphic rocks and crystalline rocks. The presence of iron oxide makes this soil brown to red in colour.
46. Which soil are the typical soils of tropical regions, found in the regions Which experienced alternate wet and dry condition?
a) Mountain soil
b) Dessert soil
c) Laterites soil
d) Alluvial soil
Explanation
Laterites soils These are the typical soils of tropical regions. These soils are found in the regions Which experienced alternate wet and dry condition.
47. Red soils are usually found in Which regions?
a) Tropical
b) Temperate
c) Semi-arid
d) Arctic
Explanation
Red soils are usually found in semi-arid regions. It is not a fertile soil.
48. laterites soil are suitable for cultivation of Which crop?
a) Millet
b) Tea
c) Paddy
d) Sugarcane
Explanation
Laterites soils are formed by the process of leaching, it is in fertile. It is suitable for plantation crops of tea and coffee.
49. Which region soil are thin and acidic in nature?
a) Dessert soil
b) Alluvial soil
c) Laterites soil
d) Mountain soil
Explanation
Mountain soils are found over the slopes of mountain. Soils in these regions are thin and acidic.
50. Which of the following is not the alluvial soil crop?
a) Wheat
b) Sugarcane
c) Cashew nut
d) Rice
Explanation
Alluvial soil is suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane, jute, rice, wheat and other food crops.
51. Which soil are porous and saline, infertile for agriculture?
a) Mountain soil
b) Dessert soil
c) Laterites soil
d) Black soil
Explanation
Dessert soils are porous and saline. Since it is infertile agriculture in these soils are not so successful.
52. Which of the following crop is suitable for black soil?
a) Cotton
b) Sugar cane
c) Millet
d) Coffee
Explanation
Black soil is clayey in nature. It is retentive of moisture. It is ideal for growing cotton.
53. Which of the following is not the type of soil erosion?
a) Sheet erosion
b) Plate erosion
c) Rill erosion
d) Gully erosion
Explanation
Sheet erosion, Rill erosion and Gully erosion are the major types of soil erosion.
54. Which of the following statement is correct
1) Soil erosion is the removal or destruction of the top layer of soil by natural forces and human activities
2) Soil erosion increases the fertility of soil Which in turn reduces the agricultural productivity.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
Soil erosion is the removal or destruction of the top layer of soil by natural forces and human activities. Soil erosion reduces the fertility of soil Which in turn reduces the agricultural productivity.
55. What are the major agents of soil erosion?
a) Temperature
b) Snow
c) Wind
d) Lava
Explanation
Running water and wind are the major agents of soil erosion.
56. What is the process of protecting the soil from erosion to maintain its fertility?
a) Soil protection
b) Soil convention
c) Soil contamination
d) Soil conservation
Explanation
Soil conservation is the process of protecting the soil from erosion to maintain its fertility.
57. Which of the following is not the practice of soil conservation?
a) Deforestation
b) construction of dams
c) Crop rotation
d) Strip farming
Explanation
The methods that are widely practiced for conserving soil are afforestation, controlled grazing, construction of dams, Crop rotation, Strip farming, contour ploughing, terrace farming, checking shifting cultivation, wind break etc.,
58. The time needed to form a soil depends on the Which factor?
a) Wind
b) Ocean
c) Climate
d) Lava
Explanation
The time needed to form a soil depends on the Climate.
59. In Which area soil formation is so fast?
a) Temperate
b) Arctic
c) Sub-tropical
d) Wet tropical
Explanation
The environments Which is characterized by mild climate, takes 200400 years to form one cm of soil and in wet tropical area, soil formation is faster and takes up to 200 years.
60. What present in the soil that enhance and nourishes the crops and plants?
a) Water
b) Temperature
c) Minerals
d) air
Explanation
The minerals present in the soil enhance and nourishes the crops and plants.
61. Soil is used in the making of _____
a) Ceramic
b) Polymer
c) Plastic
d) Textile
Explanation
Soil is used in making of ceramics or pottery.
62. Which of the following statement is correct
1) soil acts as natural filter of water and purifies it.
2) Soil supports ecosystem and play an important role in ocean management.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Explanation
Soil acts as natural filter of water and purifies it. Soil supports ecosystem and play an important role in land management.
63. The word ‘Sedimentary’ has been derived from Latin word ______
a) Sedimate
b) Sedimantum
c) Sedimentum
d) Sedimoram
Explanation
The word ‘Sedimentary’ has been derived from Latin word ‘Sedimentum’ means settling down.
64. Which of the following is not the active volcano
a) Mt. Etna
b) Mt. Vesuvius
c) Mt. Stromboli
d) Mt. Fuji
Explanation
Some major Active Volcanoes: Mount Vesuvius, Mt. Stromboli and Mt. Etna in Italy and Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea in Hawaii Islands.
65. Which of following crop is suitable for red soil?
a) Millet
b) Cotton
c) Sugarcane
d) Wheat
Explanation
Red soil is not a fertile soil. It is suitable for millet cultivation.
66. Which of the following is not the layer of soil?
a) Humus
b) Elevated layer
c) Sub-soil
d) Contour layer
Explanation
Layers of soil are O-Horizon or Humus, A- Horizon or Top Soil, E- Horizon or Elevated layer, B- Horizon or Sub-soil, C- Horizon or Parent Rock, R- Horizon Parent Rock.
67. Which layer is dominated by organic material (leaves, needles, twigs, moss and lichens)?
a) Humus
b) Elevated layer
c) Sub-soil
d) Parent rock
Explanation
O-Horizon or Humus layer is dominated by organic material (leaves, needles, twigs, moss and lichens).
68. Which layer reflects the chemical or physical alteration of parent material. Thus iron, clay, aluminium and organic compounds are found accumulated in this horizon?
a) Humus
b) Elevated layer
c) Sub soil
d) Parent rock
Explanation
B- Horizon or Sub soil layer reflects the chemical or physical alteration of parent material. Thus iron, clay, aluminium and organic compounds are found accumulated in this horizon.
69. Which layer is significantly leached of clay, iron, and aluminium oxides, Which leaves a concentration of ore?
a) Humus
b) Top soil
c) Sub soil
d) Elevated layer
Explanation
E- Horizon or Elevated layer is significantly leached of clay, iron, and aluminium oxides, Which leaves a concentration of ore.
70. Which layer is composed of organic matter mixed with mineral matter?
a) Humus
b) Top soil
c) Sub soil
d) Elevated soil
Explanation
A- Horizon or Top Soil, composed of organic matter mixed with mineral matter.
71. How long it takes a soil to become well matured soil?
a) 2800 years
b) 2000 years
c) 2500 years
d) 3000 years
Explanation
The environments Which is characterized by mild climate, soil takes 200 to 400 years to form one cm of soil and in wet tropical area, soil formation is faster and takes up to 200 years. To become a well matured soil, it takes about 3000 years.
72. Which rocks are the important source of natural resources like coal, oil and natural gas?
a) Igneous rock
b) Sedimentary rock
c) Thermal metamorphic rock
d) Dynamic metamorphic rock
Explanation
Sedimentary rocks are the important source of natural resources like coal, oil and natural gas.
73. Oldest sedimentary rocks of the world has been identified in Which area?
a) United states of America
b) South Africa
c) China
d) Greenland
Explanation
Oldest sedimentary rocks of the world has been identified in Greenland and estimated as 3.9 billion years old.