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The Beginning of the Modern Age Book Back Questions 9th Social Science Lesson 8

9th Social Science Lesson 8

8] The Beginning of the Modern Age

Book Back Questions with Answer and Do You Know Box Content

Do You Know?

Humanism: The idea of humanism was a central feature of renaissance. It laid emphasis on human dignity and nature. In the medieval period, man was considered a mere agent of the God on earth to do his will. Renaissance humanism promoted the view that humans are endowed with attributes that are to be used to achieve greatness. It turned the gaze of the people from the other world to this world, from spiritual world to material world. The focus shifted from life after death to life in this world.

Inquisition: Inquisition was an institution of the Catholic Church to deal with heresies beliefs in opposition to the Catholic faith. Those found guilty and who recanted were awarded milder punishments and imprisonment, and those who refused to recant were burnt at the stake. The most infamous inquisition was the Spanish Inquisition.

St. Ignatius Loyola and Society of Jesus: St. Ignatius Loyola founded the Society of Jesus to propagate Christianity. Its main work was through education and service to the destitute. It started a number of educational institutions, orphanages and homes for the destitute. Soon their missionaries were present in all parts of the world to spread the Catholic religion.

One of the most important outcomes of the conquest of Americas by the European colonial powers was the movement of plants, animals, technology, culture and strange diseases between the Americas and Europe or between the New World and the Old World. This is known as Columbian Exchange.

India at the dawn of Modern Age in Europe: The Mughal rule had started, since 1526 A.D. (C.E.) . Vijayanagar state, founded in 1336, was a great power under Krishna deva Raya (1509-29 A.D. (C.E) ) . Portuguese established their empire in the East (India, Malacca, Ceylon) and controlled the sea with Goa as headquarters. In Tamil Nadu Madurai Nayak rule began dividing the Pandya kingdom into seventy-two Palayams. The arrival of Jesuit Missions and the work of St. Francis Xavier, as a member of Society of Jesus, led to conversion of fishing community to Christianity (Catholicism) in Thoothukudi region.

Choose the best answers:

1. Who among the following is known as the Father of Humanism?

(a) Leonardo da Vinci

(b) Fransico Petrarch

(c) Erasmus

(d) Thomas More

2. The School of Athens was painted by

(a) Raphael Sanzio

(b) Michelangelo

(c) Albrecht Durer

(d) Leonardo da Vinci

3. William Harvey discovered ______________

(a) Heliocentric theory

(b) Geocentric theory

(c) Gravitational force

(d) Circulation of blood

4. Who wrote the 95 theses?

(a) Martin Luther

(b) Zwingli

(c) John Calvin

(d) Thomas More

5. Who wrote the book Institutes of Christian Religion?

(a) Martin Luther

(b) Zwingli

(c) John Calvin

(d) Cervantes

6. Which sailor was the first to cross the Equator?

(a) Henry, the Navigator

(b) Lopo Gonzalves

(c) Bartholomew Diaz

(d) Christopher Columbus

7. ____________ named the sea as Pacific Ocean as it was very calm.

(a) Columbus

(b) Amerigo Vespucci

(c) Ferdinand Magellan

(d) Vasco-da-Gama

8. The continent of America was named after _______________

(a) Amerigo Vespucci

(b) Christopher Columbus

(c) Vasco da Gama

(d) Hernando Cortez

9. ______________ was the headquarters of the Portuguese possession in the East.

(a) Manila

(b) Bombay

(c) Pondicherry

(d) Goa

10. Which among the following plants were introduced from America to Europe?

(a) Sugarcane

(b) Sweet Potato

(c) Rice

(d) Wheat

Fill in the blanks:

1. In 1453 Constantinople was captured by _______________

2. ______________ was known as Prince among Humanists.

3. _____________ is famous for his paintings in the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

4. The reformation of the Catholic Church is known as ______________

5. The chief features of Commercial Revolution were ___________, ___________ and _____________

Consider the following the statements and tick the appropriate answer:

1. a. Martin Luther broke away from the Catholic Church because he was discriminated.

b. John Calvin’s government in Geneva was liberal and fun-filled.

c. King Henry VIII had deep theological differences with the Catholic Church.

d. Council of Trent reemphasized the importance of ceremonies and significance of the mass.

2. a. Discovery of new lands and sea routes shifted the economic centre from Italian city states to Spain and Portugal.

b. Horses were native to America.

c. During the beginning of the Modern Age, State did not interfere in economic activities.

d. The Portuguese collaborated with the Arabs in its trading activities in India.

Match the following:

1. Feudalism – Monopoly Trade

2. Humanism – Trial of Heretics

3. Inquisition – Movement of goods between America and Europe

4. Mercantilism – Hierarchical socio-economic structure

5. Columbian Exchange – Human dignity

Answers:

Choose the correct answers:

1. Francisco Petrarch 2. Raphael Sanzio 3. Circulation of blood 4. Martin Luther 5. John Calvin 6. Lopo Gonzalves 7. Ferdinand Magellan 8. Amerigo Vespucci 9. Goa 10. Sweet Potato

Fill in the blanks:

1. Ohoman Turks 2. Erasmus 3. Michelangelo 4. Counter Reformation

5. Emergence of banking, Joint stock companies and Growth of trade.

Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer:

1. Statement d is correct. 2. Statement a is correct

Match the following:

1. Hierarchical socio-economic structure 2. Human dignity 3. Trial of Heretics

4. Monopoly Trade 5. Movement of goods between America and Europe

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