The Mughal Empire 11th History Lesson 9 Questions in English

11th History Lesson 9 Questions in English

9] The Mughal Empire

1. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. The Mughals, descended from the Mongol Chengiz Khan and the Turk Timur, founded an empire in India
2. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in second battle of Panipat
3. Babur was the founder of the Mughal empire which was established in 1526
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The Mughals, descended from the Mongol Chengiz Khan and the Turk Timur, founded an empire in India which lasted for more than three centuries. But we remember them not as rulers of foreign origin, but as an indigenous, Indian dynasty. Babur was the founder of the Mughal empire which was established in 1526 after Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat.

2. After which Mughal emperor the empire started to decline?

1. Shah Alam
2. Shah Jahan
3. Aurangzeb
4. Humayun

Explanation

Six major rulers of this dynasty, Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb, known as the “Great Mughals”, left their mark on Indian history. The empire declined after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. The empire formally ended a century and a half later, when power passed to the British crown after the great revolt of 1857.

3. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. At the height of its power the Mughal empire stretched from Afghanistan to Bengal and from Kashmir down to the Tamil region in the south
2. Mughal rule created a uniform, centralized administration over the entire country
3. Mughals left behind a heritage of great architecture, literature and art which has enriched India
4. 1, 2
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

At the height of its power the Mughal empire stretched from Afghanistan to Bengal and from Kashmir down to the Tamil region in the south. Mughal rule created a uniform, centralized administration over the entire country. The Mughals, especially Akbar, created a polity integrating Hindus and Muslims into a unified nation, forging a composite national identity. In addition, the Mughals left behind a heritage of great architecture, literature and art which has enriched India.

4. Which of the following fought for political supremacy in Central India?

1. Uzbeks
2. Safavids
3. Ottomans
4. 1, 2
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The race for political supremacy in Central Asia amongst the Uzbeks (Turkic ethnic group), the Safavids (the members of the dynasty that ruled Iran patronising Shia Islam) and the Ottomans (Turkish people practicing Sunni Islam) forced Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, the ruler of Samarkand, to seek his career prospects elsewhere.

5. At what age Babur inherited the throne of Samarkand?

1. 14
2. 11
3. 12
4. 21

Explanation

Babur, a boy of eleven, inherited the throne of Samarkand (now a city in Uzbekistan) from his father. As there were enemies all round him, he lost his throne but soon reclaimed it.

6. Which of the following statement is correct about Babur?

1. Because of Safavids and Uzbeks he turned his eye towards India for building an empire
2. Between 1519 and 1524 when he invaded Bhera, Sialkot and Lahore, he showed his definite intention to conquer Hindustan
3. As a Timurid, Babur had an eye on the Punjab, part of which had been Timur’s possession
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

As there were enemies all round Babur, he lost his throne but soon reclaimed it. But soon he realized that, with the powerful Safavid dynasty in Iran and the Uzbeks in Central Asia, he should rather turn to the southeast towards India to build an empire of his own. As a Timurid, Babur had an eye on the Punjab, part of which had been Timur’s possession. Between 1519 and 1524 when he invaded Bhera, Sialkot and Lahore, he showed his definite intention to conquer Hindustan, where the political scene also favoured his adventure.

7. Who among the following invited Babur to conquer India?

1. Daulat Khan Lodi
2. Raja Ratan Singh
3. Rana Sangha
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The time for invading India was also ripe as there was discontent among the Afghans and the Rajputs, as Sultan Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi dynasty was trying to expand his territory. Babur received an embassy from Daulat Khan Lodi, a principal opponent of Ibrahim Lodi, and Rana Sangha, ruler of Mewar and the chief of Rajput Confederacy, with a plea to invade India.

8. Where did Babur defeated Daulat Khan Lodi?

1. Peshawar
2. Lahore
3. Punjab
4. Kabul

Explanation

When Babur marched to India, he first defeated the forces of Daulat Khan Lodi at Lahore as he had gone back on his promise to help Babur.

9. Which of the following was main reason for the victory of Babur in 1^st Battle of Panipat?

1. His army strength
2. Artillery wing
3. Horse commands
4. Less Soldiers in Lodi Army

Explanation

Babur then turned towards the Lodi governed Punjab. After several invasions, he defeated the formidable forces of Ibrahim Lodi with a numerically inferior army at Panipat. Babur won this battle with the help of strategic positioning of his forces and the effective use of artillery. Babur’s victory provided hopes for him to settle in India permanently. Babur had conquered Delhi and Agra, but he still had to suppress the Rajput and the Afghans.

10. Who were the first to invent Gun powder?

1. Europeans
2. Mughals
3. Chinese
4. Russians

Explanation

Artillery is an army unit that uses large cannon-like weapons, transportable and usually operated by more than one person. Gun powder was first invented by the Chinese and found its way to Europe in the 13th century A.D. (CE). It was used in guns and cannons from the mid fourteenth century onwards. In India we have no instances of artillery being used in war before Babur.

11. Match the following

1. Battle of Khanwa 1. 1528
2. Battle of Chanderi 2. 1527
3. Battle of Ghagra 3. 1529
4. 1, 3, 2
5. 3, 1, 2
6. 2, 1, 3
7. 3, 2, 1

Explanation

The following are the Battles fought by Babur in India:

1. 1^st Battle of Panipat – 1526
2. Battle of Khanwa – 1527
3. Battle of Chanderi – 1528
4. Battle of Ghagra – 1529

12. Who among the following fought against Babur in Battle of Khanwa?

1. Rana Sanga
2. Hasan Khan Mewati
3. Mahmud Lodi
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Babur selected Khanwa, near Agra, as a favourable site for this inevitable encounter. The ferocious march of Rana Sanga with a formidable force strengthened by Afghan Muslims, Mahmud Lodi, brother of Ibrahim Lodi, and Hasan Khan Mewati, ruler of Mewat, confronted the forces of Babur

13. Which of the following fort were captured by Babur after Battle of Khanwa?

1. Gwalior
2. Agra
3. Dholpur
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Babur decided to take on Rana Sanga of Chittor, who as ruler of Mewar, had a strong influence over Rajasthan and Malwa. Battle of Khanwa’s victory was followed by the capture of forts at Gwalior and Dholpur which further strengthened Babur’s position.

14. Between whom the Battle of Chanderi?

1. Babur and Medini Rai
2. Babur and Rana Sanga
3. Humayun and Sher Shah Sur
4. Babur and Sher Shah Sur

Explanation

The next significant battle that ensured Babur’s supremacy over the Malwa region was fought against Medini Rai at Chanderi. Following this victory Babur turned towards the growing rebellious activities of Afghans.

15. Which was the last battle of Babur against Afghans?

1. Battle of Panipat
2. Battle of Chanderi
3. Battle of Ghagra
4. Battle of Chausa

Explanation

Battle of Ghagra was the last battle Babar fought against the Afghans. Sultan Ibrahim Lodi’s brother Mahmud Lodi and Sultan Nusrat Shah, son-in-law of Ibrahim Lodi, conspired against Babur.

16. Ghagra is the tributary of which river?

1. Indus
2. Ganga
3. Brahmaputra
4. Tsang Po

Explanation

In the battle that ensued along the banks of Ghagra, a tributary of Ganges, Babur defeated the Afghans. But he died on his way from Agra to Lahore in 1530.

17. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Babur, the founder of Mughal Empire, was a scholar of Persian and Arabic.
2. According to Babur’s view “The chief excellence of Hindustan is that it is a large country and has abundance of gold and silver”
3. Tuziuk-i-Baburi is autobiography of Babur
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Babur, the founder of Mughal Empire, was a scholar of Persian and Arabic. Babur’s memoirs Tuziuk-i-Baburi (Baburnama) is considered a world classic. Babur found nothing admirable either in the Afghans who ruled India for some time or in the majority of the people they governed. But his description of India is delightful. What Hindustan possessed, in Babur’s view, is described as follows: ‘The chief excellence of Hindustan is that it is a large country and has abundance of gold and silver. Another convenience of Hindustan is that the workmen of every profession and trade are innumerable and without end.’

18. Who among the following ruler from Gujarat possessed a great threat to Humayun?

1. Raja Ratan Singh
2. Krishna Devaraya
3. Bahadur Shah
4. Abdul Zafar

Explanation

Humayun was faced with the problems of a weak financial system and the predatory Afghans. Bahadur Shah, the ruler of Gujarat, also posed a great threat.

19. Which Brother of Humayun extended his authority over Punjab?

1. Kamran
2. Askari
3. Hindal
4. Bahadur Shah

Explanation

Humayun’s brother Kamran who was in-charge of Kabul and Kandahar extended his authority up to Punjab. Humayun remembering the promise he had made to his father on the eve of his death that he would treat his brothers kindly, agreed to Kamran’s suzerainty over Punjab to avoid a civil war.

20. In which year Humayun besieged the fort of Chunar?

1. 1530
2. 1532
3. 1529
4. 1535

Explanation

The growth of Afghan power in the regions around Bihar and Uttar Pradesh under the leadership of Sher Khan (later Sher Shah) made Humayun to initiate action. Defeating the Afghans at Daurah in 1532 Humayun besieged the powerful fort of Chunar.

21. For much time Humayun sieged the fort of Chunar?

1. Four months
2. One year
3. Five months
4. Nine months

Explanation

After a period of four months, Humayun, believing the word of Sher Shah that he would be loyal to the Mughals, withdrew the siege. This turned out to be a great mistake.

22. Which of the following city was built by Humayun?

1. Agra
2. Lahore
3. Dinpanah
4. Daultahabad

Explanation

Humayun spent the succeeding years of his life in constructing a new city in Delhi, Dinpanah, while his enemies were strengthening themselves.

23. After capturing Gujarat and Malwa Humayun left it under_____

1. Askari
2. Hindal
3. Kamran
4. Bahadur Shah

Explanation

Humayun spent the succeeding years of his life in constructing a new city in Delhi, Dinpanah, while his enemies were strengthening themselves. Realising the ensuing danger from Bahadur Shah who had annexed Rajasthan and instigated and provided refuge to all anti-Mughal elements, Humayan marched against him. He captured Gujarat and Malwa and left them under the control of his brother Askari.

24. When Askari headed towards Agra from Gujarat and Malwa, Humayun stationed at____

1. Agra
2. Rajasthan
3. Lahore
4. Mandu

Explanation

Unable to put down the rebellions of the Gujarati people, Askari decided to proceed to Agra. This alarmed Humayun stationed at Mandu, for he was afraid that Askari would take Agra for himself. Hence, abandoning Gujarat and Malwa Humayun pursued his brother. Both the brothers reconciled after a meeting at Rajasthan.

25. On reaching which place Humayun received the information about rebellion of his

brother Hindal?

1. Gauda
2. Agra
3. Bengal
4. Chunar

Explanation

After capturing Chunar Humayun marched to Bengal to confront Sher Khan. When Humayun reached Gaur or Gauda he received information on the rebellion of Hindal, his younger brother. Humayun proceeded to Agra to quell the rebellion. Sher Khan who had been quiet all this time started attacking the army of Humayun. When Humayun reached Chausa with great difficulty there was a full-fledged battle.

26. Which of the following statement about Battle of Chausa is correct?

1. This Battle was won by Humayun
2. This Battle was fought during 1539
3. Sher Shah fled to Bengal
4. 1, 2
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 2, 3
7. None

Explanation

Battle of Chausa (1539) was won by Sher Khan due to his superior political and military skills. Humayun suffered a defeat in which 7000 Mughal nobles and soldiers were killed and Humayun himself had to flee for his life by swimming across the Ganga.

27. Who among the following fought in the battle of Kanauj?

1. Humayun
2. Askari
3. Sher Khan
4. Hindal
5. 1, 2, 3
6. 1, 3, 4
7. 2, 3, 4
8. 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation

Humayun who had arrived at Agra assembled his army with the support of his brothers Askari and Hindal to counter Sher Khan. The final encounter took place at Kanauj.

28. In which year Battle of Kanauj took place?

1. 1539
2. 1540
3. 1528
4. 1529

Explanation

Battle of Kanauj (1540) was won by Sher Khan and Humayun’s army was completely routed, and he became a prince without a kingdom.

29. What was the early name of Sher khan?

1. Farid
2. Mohammed Dizosa
3. Khan Shahib
4. Jaheerudin

Explanation

From the time Humayun abandoned the throne in the Battle of Kanauj to his regaining of power in 1555 Delhi was ruled by Sher Shah of the Sur Dynasty. Born in the family of a Jagirdar and named as Farid, he received the title of Sher Khan after killing a tiger (sher in Hindi). When he ascended the throne, he was called Sher Shah.

30. Which of the following rulers fell to Sher Shah without fight?

1. Delhi
2. Malwa
3. Mewar
4. 1, 2
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Humayun’s military capability and diplomacy made him victorious over Humayun and many other Rajput rulers. Malwa fell without a fight. Rana Uday Singh of Mewar surrendered without resistance.

31. On which venture Sher Shah died?

1. Mewar
2. Malwa
3. Agra
4. Kalinjar

Explanation

Sher Shah’s next venture to capture Kalinjar failed as a gunshot caused his death in 1545. Sher Shah was succeeded by his second son Islam Shah who ruled till 1553. His death at a young age led to a state of confusion about succession. Humayun used this opportunity to regain Delhi and Agra from the Sur rulers.

32. Who was made Governor of Bengal when Sher Shah was pursuing Humayun?

1. Chengis Khan
2. Khizr Khan
3. Sultan Mahmud
4. Shah Alam

Explanation

When Sher Shah was pursuing Humayun, he had left Khizr Khan as the Governor of Bengal. Khizr Khan married the daughter of the former ruler of Bengal, Sultan Mahmud, and started behaving like a king. On his return Sher Shah ordered him to be put in chains.

33. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Sher Shah made his government highly centralised
2. The welfare of the peasants was a prime concern.
3. Sher Shah took great care that the movements of the army did not damage crops.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Sher Shah made his government highly centralised. The local administrative structure of the Delhi Sultanate was followed with certain changes. The village headmen who were made responsible for the goods stolen within the area under their control became vigilant. The welfare of the peasants was a prime concern. When the peasant is ruined, Sher Shah believed, the king is ruined. Sher Shah took great care that the movements of the army did not damage crops.

34. The term Zamindari refers to_______

1. Landowner
2. Kings Land
3. Peasants land
4. Taxable land

Explanation

The term ‘Zamindari’ refers to another land tenure system. The word zamindar means landowner in Persian.

35. During whose time Jagirdari land tenure system developed?

1. Mughals
2. Sur Dynasty
3. Delhi Sultanate
4. Mauryan Dynasty

Explanation

Jagirdari is a land tenure system developed during the Delhi Sultanate. Under the system the collection of the revenue of an estate and the power of governing it were bestowed upon an official of the state.

36. During whose time zamindars were drawn from the class of nobles?

1. Delhi Sultanates
2. Mughals
3. Marathas
4. English

Explanation

In Mughal times the zamindars were drawn from the class of nobles. Akbar granted land to the nobles as well as to the descendants of old ruling families and allowed them to enjoy it hereditarily. Zamindars collected revenue from the tenants and cultivators and remitted a fixed amount to the state.

37. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. In order to encourage trade, Sher Shah simplified trade imposts, collecting taxes only at the point of entry and the point of sale
2. His currency system continued through the entire Mughal period and became the basis of the coinage under the British
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

Sher Shah showed the same concern as that of peasants while dealing with traders. In order to encourage trade, he simplified trade imposts, collecting taxes only at the point of entry and the point of sale. The standardization of the metal content of gold, silver and copper coins also facilitated trade. His currency system continued through the entire Mughal period and became the basis of the coinage under the British.

38. Who built a road connecting Gujarat’s seaports with Agra and Jodhpur??

1. Akbar
2. Humayun
3. Sher Shah
4. Islam Shah

Explanation

For enhancement of trade and commerce Sher Shah maintained a robust highway system by repairing old roads and laying down new roads. Apart from repairing the Grand Trunk road from the Indus in the west to Sonargaon in Bengal, he also built a road connecting Gujarat’s seaports with Agra and Jodhpur. A road was laid connecting Lahore with Multan.

39. What does the term Sarais mean?

1. Rest House
2. Trade Post
3. Trade House
4. Sea Post

Explanation

The highways were endowed with a large network of sarais, rest houses, where the traders were provided with food and accommodation, ensuring brisk commerce. Some of the sarais constructed by Sher Shah still survive. These sarais also ensured the growth of towns in their vicinity.

40. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Sher Shah was an orthodox and devout Sunni
2. He is said to have dispensed justice without bias, punishing the oppressors even if they were nobles or his relatives.
3. He gave stipends from the treasury to destitute people.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Sher Shah practiced charity on a large scale. He gave stipends from the treasury to destitute people. Sher Shah was an orthodox and devout Sunni. He is said to have dispensed justice without bias, punishing the oppressors even if they were nobles or his relatives. Through stern punishments to rebellious zamindars and nobles and to thieves and robbers he ensured effective maintenance of law and order in the empire.

41. Who among the following followed the fiscal administration of Sher Shah?

1. Shivaji
2. Akbar
3. Todar Mal
4. 1, 2
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The fiscal administration for which Akbar and Todar Mal have been so highly praised was largely based on the methods of Sher Shah.

42. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

1. Sher Shah started building a new walled city in Delhi, which later came to be known as Purana Qila
2. Akbar Built mausoleum for Sher Shah in Sasaram
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

During his short rule, Sher Shah did not have much time for building new cities and palaces. He started building a new walled city in Delhi, which later came to be known as Purana Qila (Old Fort). He built his own mausoleum in Sasaram.

43. Where does Humayun took asylum after his defeat in Battle of Kanauj?

1. Persia
2. Lahore
3. Gujarat
4. Kabul

Explanation

After Sher Shah’s death in 1545 his weak successors ruled for ten years. Humayun, who had fled after his defeat at Kanauj, had taken asylum in Persia.

44. How did Humayun died?

1. While playing Horse Polo in Delhi
2. Slipped from stairs of the Library in Lahore
3. Slipped from stairs of the Library in Delhi
4. While playing Horse Polo in Lahore

Explanation

Humayun then went to Afghanistan with Persian troops. He succeeded in capturing Kandahar and Kabul. But his brother Kamran did not allow him to hold them in peace. The struggle between the brothers intensified, and yet in the end Kamran had to seek a compromise with Humayun. Meanwhile the Sur empire had fragmented, and so Humayun’s invasion became easy. The Afghan forces in Punjab, on the approach of Mughals, began to flee. Humayun became the Emperor once again. He died very soon after regaining Delhi when he slipped down the stairs of the library in the fort at Delhi.

45. Who among the following Stated these words?

“Humayun stumbled out of his life, as he has stumbled through it.”

1. George Yule
2. George Poole
3. Lane Poole
4. Lane Yule

Explanation

Lane Poole had stated about Humayun in colourful words as, “Humayun stumbled out of his life, as he has stumbled through it.”

46. What was the early name of Akbar?

1. Asaruddin
2. Jalaluddin
3. Askari
4. Kamran

Explanation

During Humayun’s wanderings in the Rajputana desert, his wife gave birth to a son, Jalaluddin, known as Akbar, in 1542.

47. At what age Akbar Crowned as king?

1. 17
2. 14
3. 12
4. 10

Explanation

Akbar was crowned at the age of fourteen. At the time of Akbar’s ascension, the Afghans and Rajputs were still powerful and posed a great challenge. Yet he had a guardian and protector in Bairam Khan.

48. Under whom does Hemu worked as general?

1. Bairam Khan
2. Adil Shah
3. Sher Shah
4. Humayun

Explanation

Hemu, the Hindu general of the displaced Afghan king Adil Shah, successor of Sher Shah, induced the king to permit him to lead the Afghan army against the Mughals.

49. Which was the first place to be captured by Hemu before 2^nd Battle of Panipat?

1. Delhi
2. Agra
3. Gwalior
4. Lahore

Explanation

Encouraged by the king, Hemu first took Gwalior, expelling the Mughal governor. Then he marched on Agra and captured it without any resistance. Hemu’s generosity helped him to overcome potential enemies when he took Delhi.

50. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. In November 1556 Akbar marched towards Delhi to meet the forces of Hemu in the Second Battle of Panipat.
2. An arrow struck the eye of Hemu when the battle was likely to end in his favour
3. Akbar won the 2^nd Battle of Panipat
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

In November 1556 Akbar marched towards Delhi to meet the forces of Hemu in the Second Battle of Panipat. An arrow struck the eye of Hemu when the battle was likely to end in his favour. The leaderless Afghan army became demoralised and the Mughal forces emerged victorious. Hemu was captured and executed. This victory made Akbar the sovereign of Agra and Delhi and re-establish the Mughal empire.

51. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. The first four years of Akbar’s rule saw the expansion of the Mughal empire
2. Bairam Khan began to behave haughtily towards his fellow nobles.
3. Bairam Khan was killed by Akbar
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

As a conqueror Akbar triumphed all over North India. The first four years of Akbar’s rule saw the expansion of the Mughal empire from Kabul to Jaunpur, including Gwalior and Ajmer, under his regent Bairam Khan. Soon Bairam Khan began to behave haughtily towards his fellow nobles. Akbar, enraged by his behaviour issued a farman dismissing Bairam Khan. This led to Bairam Khan’s revolt which was ably dealt with by Akbar. Bairam Khan, finally agreeing to submit himself to Akbar, proceeded to Mecca. But on his way he was murdered by an Afghan.

52. Who among the following was given the title Khan-e-Khanan?

1. Akbar
2. Babur
3. Abdur Rahim
4. Humayun

Explanation

The family of Bairam khan was brought to Delhi and his son Abdur Rahim became one of the luminaries of Akbar’s court with the title Khan-e-Khanan.

53. When does Akbar conquered Malwa?

1. 1562
2. 1583
3. 1564
4. 1573

Explanation

Akbar laid the foundation for a great empire through his vast conquests. Malwa was conquered in 1562 from Baz Bahadur who was made a mansabdar in Akbar’s court.

54. From whom does Akbar annexed Gondwana region?

1. Abdur Rahim
2. Baz Bahadur
3. Rani Durgavati
4. Rana Udai Singh

Explanation

The Gondwana region of central India was annexed after a fierce battle with Rani Durgavati and her son Vir Narayan in 1564.

55. How many months does Akbar sieged Chittor?

1. 4 months
2. 3 months
3. 6 months
4. 9 months

Explanation

The ruler of Mewar, Rana Udai Singh, put up a great fight before losing Chittor, which was conquered by Akbar after a siege of six months. Rana Udai Singh retreated to the hills. Yet his generals Jaimal and Patta carried on their fight. Finally, the generals, along with 30,000 Rajputs were killed. Out of admiration for the gallant Jaimal and Patta, Akbar honoured them by erecting statues to their memory outside the chief gate of Agra fort. The capture of Chittor was followed by the surrender of Rajput states like Ranthambhor, Kalinjar, Bikaner, Jodhpur and Jaisalmer.

56. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. After subordinating the regions of central India, Akbar turned his attention to Gujarat
2. Akbar conquered Gujarat from Muzaffar Shah in 1573.
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

After subordinating the regions of central India, Akbar turned his attention to Gujarat, a wealthy province renowned for its maritime commerce. Akbar conquered Gujarat from Muzaffar Shah in 1573. Gujarat became a launch pad for the annexation of Deccan.

57. When was Bengal annexed by Akbar?

1. 1573
2. 1576
3. 1577
4. 1580

Explanation

After defeating Daud Khan, the Afghan ruler of Bihar and Bengal, both the provinces were annexed to the Mughal empire in 1576.

58. Who among the following helped Akbar in defeating Mirza Hakim?

1. Raja Man Singh
2. Raja Todar Mal
3. Bhagwan Das
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Akbar alone with the help of Raja Man Singh and Bhagwan Das defeated Mirza Hakim of Kabul (Afghanistan).

59. Match the following places with year Akbar conquered it:

1. Kashmir 1. 1591
2. Sindh 2. 1596
3. Berar 3. 1586
4. 1, 3, 2
5. 3, 1, 2
6. 3, 2, 1
7. 2, 1, 3

Explanation

Akbar defeated Mirza Hakim of Kabul with the help of Raja Man Singh and Bhagwan Das. His conquest of Kashmir (1586) and Sindh (1591) consolidated the empire in the northwest. After achieving the political integration of North India Akbar turned his attention to the Deccan. Akbar’s forces had occupied Khandesh region in 1591. In 1596 Berar was acquired from Chand Bibi.

60. When did Akbar died?

1. 1604
2. 1599
3. 1605
4. 1610

Explanation

By 1600 parts of Ahmed Nagar had fallen into the hands of Mughal forces. Akbar fell sick in September 1604 and died on 27 October 1605.

61. Who among the following abolished Jizya?

1. Babur
2. Akbar
3. Humayun
4. Aurangzeb

Explanation

Akbar took earnest efforts to win the goodwill of the Hindus. He abolished the jizya (poll tax) on non-Muslims and the tax on Hindu pilgrims. The practice of sati by Hindu widows was also abolished. The practice of making slaves of war prisoners was also discontinued.

62. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Akbar married Rajput princesses
2. Even before Akbar, many Muslim kings had married Rajput princesses
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

Akbar’s conciliatory Rajput policy included matrimonial alliances with Rajput princely families, and according Rajput nobles high positions in the Mughal court. A tolerant religious policy ensured the cultural and emotional integration of the people. Even before Akbar, many Muslim kings had married Rajput princesses. But Akbar with his broadminded nature was instrumental in these matrimonial alliances becoming a synthesising force between two different cultures as he maintained close relations with the families.

63. Which of the following state princesses married Akbar?

1. Amber
2. Bikaner
3. Jaisalmer
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Akbar had married Harkha Bhai (also referred to as Jodha in popular accounts), the daughter of Raja Bhar Mal (also known as Bihari Mal) of Amber. He also married the Rajput princesses of Bikaner and Jaisalmer.

64. Who was the Son born to Akbar and Harkha Bhai?

1. Malik Ambar
2. Prince Salim
3. Aurangzeb
4. Askari

Explanation

Prince Salim who was born of Harkha Bhai married the daughter of Raja Bhagwan Das. Raja Man Singh, son of Bhagwan Das, became the trusted general of Akbar. Even the Rajputs who chose not to have any matrimonial alliances were bestowed great honours in Akbar’s court.

65. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Mewar and Marwar were the two Rajput kingdoms that defied the Mughal Empire.
2. Birbal was a favourite companion of Akbar
3. After the death of Rana Udai Singh, Rana Pratap Singh refused to acknowledge Akbar’s suzerainty and continued to fight the Mughals
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Raja Todar Mal, an expert in revenue affairs, rose to the position of Diwan. Birbal was a favourite companion of Akbar. Mewar and Marwar were the two Rajput kingdoms that defied the Mughal Empire. After the death of Rana Udai Singh, his son Rana Pratap Singh refused to acknowledge Akbar’s suzerainty and continued to fight the Mughals till his death in 1597.

66. When did Battle of Haldighati took place?

1. 1597
2. 1576
3. 1556
4. 1579

Explanation

The Battle of Haldighati in 1576 was the last pitched battle between the Mughal forces and Rana Pratap Singh.

67. Who among the following was made the ruler of Jodhpur by Akbar?

1. Raja Bhar Mal
2. Udai Singh
3. Chandra Sen
4. Maldeo Rathore

Explanation

In Marwar (Jodhpur), the ruler Chandra Sen, son of Maldeo Rathore, resisted the Mughals till his death in 1581, though his brothers fought on the side of the Mughals. Udai Singh, the brother of Chandra Sen was made the ruler of Jodhpur by Akbar.

68. What was the Initial and Final capital of Akbar?

1. Agra and Delhi
2. Delhi and Agra
3. Agra and Fatehpur Sikri
4. Lahore and Delhi

Explanation

Akbar’s capital was at Agra in the beginning. Later he built a new city at Fatehpur Sikri. Though a deserted city now, it still stands with its beautiful mosque and great Buland Darwaza and many other buildings.

69. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Mansabdar rank was divided into Zat and Sawar
2. Zat determined the number of soldiers each Mansabdar received ranging from 10 to 10,000.
3. Sawar determined the number of horses under a Mansabdar.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Mansabdar rank was divided into Zat and Sawar. The former determined the number of soldiers each Mansabdar received ranging from 10 to 10,000. The latter determined the number of horses under a Mansabdar. Each officer could rise from the lowest to the highest ranks. Promotions and demotions were made through additions or reductions of Mansabs.

70. Who among the following introduced Mansabdari system?

1. Babur
2. Akbar
3. Jahangir
4. Shah Jahan

Explanation

Akbar provided a systematic and centralised system of administration which contributed to the success of the empire. He introduced the Mansabdari system. The nobles, civil and military officials combined into one single service with each officer receiving the title of Mansabdar.

71. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. The salary of a Mansabdar was fixed in cash but was paid by assigning him a jagir
2. The rank of Mansabdar was not hereditary and immediately after the death of a Mansabdar, the jagir was resumed by the state
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

The Mansabdari system diversified the ethnic base of his nobility. During Akbar’s early years the nobles were drawn exclusively from Central Asians or Persians. But after the introduction of the Mansabdari system, the nobility encompassed Rajputs and Shaikhzadas (Indian Muslims). The salary of a Mansabdar was fixed in cash but was paid by assigning him a jagir (an estate from which he could collect money in lieu of his salary), which was subjected to regular transfers. The rank of Mansabdar was not hereditary and immediately after the death of a Mansabdar, the jagir was resumed by the state.

72. What was the name of hall where Akbar discussed about spiritual issues?

1. Manasbandar Hall
2. Ibadat Khana
3. Deen Elahii
4. Idayadullaha

Explanation

Akbar had established an Ibadat Khana, a hall of worship in which initially Muslim clerics gathered to discuss spiritual issues. Later he invited Christians, Zoroastrians, Hindus, Jains and even atheists to discussions.

73. When did Akbar discontinued the debates in the Ibadat Khana?

1. 1572
2. 1582
3. 1576
4. 1600

Explanation

In 1582, he discontinued the debates in the Ibadat Khana as it led to bitterness among different religions. However, he did not give up his attempt to know the Truth.

74. Match the following

1. Meherji Rana 1. Hinduism
2. Monserrate 2. Zorastrianism
3. Hira Vijaya Suri 3. Christianity
4. Purushotam 4. Jainism
5. 4, 1, 2, 3
6. 3, 4, 2, 1
7. 2, 3, 4, 1
8. 2, 1, 4, 2

Explanation

Akbar discussed personally with the leading lights of different religions like Purushotam and Devi (Hinduism), Meherji Rana (Zorastrianism), the Portugese Aquaviva and Monserrate (Christianity) and Hira Vijaya Suri (Jainism) to ascertain the Truth.

75. What was the exact word used by Akbar and Badauni to illustrate Akbar’s philosophy?

1. Akbar Nama
2. Tauhid-i-Ilahi
3. Badauni-i-Ilahi
4. Jauhan-i-Ilahi

Explanation

The exact word used by Akbar and Badauni to illustrate the philosophy of Akbar is Tauhid-i-Ilahi namely Din Ilahi. Tauhid-i-Ilahi literally meant divine monotheism.

76. What does the term Murids mean?

1. Sufi Guru
2. Sufi disciples
3. Sufisim
4. None

Explanation

Akbar’s monotheism can be considered a sufistic order but not a new religion. He had become a Pir (Sufi Guru) who enrolled Murids (Sufi disciples) who would follow a set pattern of rules ascribed by the Guru. Thousands of disciples enrolled as his disciples.

77. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Akbar’s intention was to establish a state based on the concept of secular principles, equal toleration
2. He set up a big translation department for translating works in Sanskrit, Arabic, Greek, etc, into Persian
3. The Din Ilahi ceased to exist after Akbar.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Akbar’s intention was to establish a state based on the concept of secular principles, equal toleration, and respect to all sections irrespective of their religious beliefs. He set up a big translation department for translating works in Sanskrit, Arabic, Greek, etc, into Persian. The Ramayana, Mahabharata, the Atharva Veda, the Bible and the Quran were translated into Persian. The Din Ilahi ceased to exist after Akbar.

78. What was the early name of Jahangir?

1. Jalaluddin
2. Salim
3. Kamran
4. Wazim

Explanation

Akbar was succeeded by his son Salim with the title Nur-ud-din Jahangir. He was Akbar’s son by a Rajput wife.

79. Which Sikh Guru blessed eldest son of Jahangir?

1. Guru Govind Singh
2. Guru Ramdas
3. Guru Arjun Dev
4. Guru Dev

Explanation

Jahangir ascension was challenged by his eldest son Prince Khusrau who staged a revolt with the blessings of Sikh Guru Arjun Dev. Prince Khusrau was defeated, captured and blinded, while Guru Arjun Dev was executed.

80. When did Ahmed Nagar declared independence under Malik Ambar?

1. 1608
2. 1600
3. 1605
4. 1607

Explanation

Jahangir also tamed the rebel Afghan Usman Khan in Bengal. Mewar, which had defied Akbar under Rana Udai Singh and his son Rana Pratap Singh, was brought to terms by Jahangir after a military campaign led by his son Prince Khurram (later to become Emperor Shah Jahan) against Rana Amar Singh, the grandson of Rana Udai Singh. They concluded a treaty whereby Rana Amar Singh could rule his kingdom after accepting the suzerainty of Jahangir. In 1608 Ahmad Nagar in the Deccan had declared independence under Malik Ambar.

81. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Prince Khurram had conquered the fort of Kangra after a siege of 14 months
2. Kandahar, conquered by Babur from the Persians in 1595, was retaken by the Persian King Shah Abbas in 1622.
3. Jahangir wanted to recapture Kandahar but he could not because of Khurram’s rebellion
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Several attempts by prince Khurram to conquer Ahmad Nagar ended in failure. Prince Khurram had conquered the fort of Kangra after a siege of 14 months. Kandahar, conquered by Akbar from the Persians in 1595, was retaken by the Persian King Shah Abbas in 1622. Jahangir wanted to recapture it. But he could not achieve it due to the rebellion of Prince Khurram.

82. Which among the following Englishmen were witnessed by Jahangir?

1. William Hawkins
2. Thomas Munro
3. Sir Thomas Roe
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Jahangir’s reign witnessed the visit of two Englishmen – William Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe. While the former could not get the consent of the Emperor for establishing an English factory in India.

83. Who among the following was sent as ambassador by King James I?

1. William Hawkins
2. Sir Thomas Roe
3. Thomas Munro
4. Vasco-da-Gama

Explanation

Sir Thomas Roe was sent as ambassador by King James I, succeeded in securing permission to establish a British factory at Surat.

84. What was the early name of Nur-Jahan?

1. Fatima Begum
2. Fathima Beevi
3. Mehrunnisa
4. Sanofer Nisha

Explanation

Jahangir was more interested in art and painting and gardens and flowers, than in government. Jahangir’s Persian wife Mehrunnisa, renamed as Nur-Jahan by Jahangir, became the real power behind the throne.

85. Who among the following rebelled against Nur Jahan?

1. Prince Khurram
2. Shahryar Khan
3. Mahabat Khan
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The political intrigues that prevailed because of Nur-Jahan, led Prince Khurram to rebel against his father but due to the efforts of Mahabat Khan, a loyal general of Jahangir, the rebellion could not be fruitful. Prince Khurram had to retreat to the Deccan. The intrigues of Nur-Jahan also made Mahabat Khan to rise in revolt which was effectively handled by Nur-Jahan. Mahabat Khan also retreated to Deccan to join Prince Khurram. Shahryar Khan was son-in-law of Nur Jahan.

86. When did Nur Jahan lost her Power to Khurram?

1. 1608
2. 1627
3. 1617
4. 1625

Explanation

Immediately after the death of Jahangir, Nur-Jahan wanted to crown her son-in-law Shahryar Khan but due to the efforts of Nur-Jahan’s brother and Prince Khurram’s father-in-law Asaf Khan, Prince Khurram succeeded as the next Mughal emperor with the title ShahJahan. Nur-Jahan, who ruled the empire for ten years, lost her power and influence after Jahangir’s death in 1627.

87. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Khanjahan aligned with Murtaza Nizam Shah II, the Sultan of Ahmed-Nagar, and conspired against Shah Jahan
2. When Shah Jahan ascended the throne in Agra his position was secure and unchallenged
3. The Afghan Pir Lodi was given the title Khanjahan
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

When Shah Jahan ascended the throne in Agra his position was secure and unchallenged. Yet the affairs of the empire needed attention. The Afghan Pir Lodi, with the title Khanjahan, who had been governor of the southern provinces of the empire was hostile. Despite Shah Jahan’s order transferring him from the government of the Deccan, he aligned with Murtaza Nizam Shah II, the Sultan of Ahmed-Nagar, and conspired against Shah Jahan.

88. Under who’s viceroyalty the four provinces of Deccan was conferred by Shah Jahan?

1. Khanjahan
2. Murtaza Nizam Shah II
3. Aurangzeb
4. Jahangir

Explanation

Shah Jahan left the Deccan after dividing it into four provinces: Ahmednagar with Daulatabad; Khandesh; Berar; and Telengana. The viceroyalty of the four provinces was conferred by Shah Jahan on his son Aurangzeb, then eighteen years of age.

89. Match the following

1. Golkonda 1. Barid Shahs
2. Bijapur 2. Imad Shahs
3. Berar 3. Adil Shahs
4. Bidar 4. Qutb Shahs
5. 3, 4, 1, 2
6. 4, 2, 3, 1
7. 4, 3, 2, 1
8. 3, 2, 1, 4

Explanation

After flourishing for over a hundred years the Bahmani kingdom, that covered much of Maharashtra and Andhra along with a portion of Karnataka, disintegrated and powerful nobles carved out new dominions at Golkonda (Qutb Shahs), Bijapur (Adil Shahs), Berar (Imad Shahs), Bidar (Barid Shahs) and Ahmad Nagar (Nizam Shahs), which go by the collective name of Deccan Sultanates or Southern Sultanates.

90. Under whose reign Deccan was brought under effective control of the Mughal empire?

1. Babur
2. Akbar
3. Jahangir
4. Shah Jahan

Explanation

The Deccan was brought under the effective control of the Mughal empire during the reign of Shah Jahan. Ahmad Nagar, which offered resistance to the Mughals, was annexed despite the efforts of Malik Ambar.

91. With Who’s support Shah Jahan subdued the Nizam Shahi rulers?

1. Aurangzeb
2. Khanjahan
3. Mahabat Khan
4. Azam Khan

Explanation

Shah Jahan, with the support of Mahabat Khan, subdued the Nizam Shahi rulers of Ahmad Nagar in 1636. When the Shi’ite Qutub Shahi ruler of Golkonda imprisoned his own minister Mir Jumla it was used as a pretext by Aurangzeb to invade Golkonda. A treaty made the Qutub Shahi ruler a vassal of the Mughal empire.

92. When did Shah Jahan annexed Kandahar?

1. 1628
2. 1638
3. 1630
4. 1629

Explanation

In 1638 Shah Jahan made use of the political intrigues in the Persian empire and annexed Kandahar, conquered by Akbar and lost by Jahangir.

93. Which of the following were Portuguese settlements?

1. Goa
2. Hubli
3. Santhome
4. Hugli
5. 1, 3, 4
6. 1, 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 4
8. 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation

In 1510, Albuquerque captured Goa from the ruler of Bijapur and made it the capital of the Portuguese Empire in the East. Subsequently Daman, Salsette and Bombay on the west coast and at Santhome near Madras and Hugli in Bengal on the east coast had become Portuguese settlements.

94. Match the following (Dutch factory set up)

1. Masulipatam 1. 1645
2. Chinsura 2. 1658
3. Karaikal 3. 1653
4. Nagapattinam 4. 1605
5. 4, 3, 1, 2
6. 3, 4, 2, 1
7. 3, 4, 1, 2
8. 2, 1, 3, 4

Explanation

The Dutch set up factories at Masulipatam (1605), Pulicat (1610), Surat (1616), Bimilipatam (1641), Karaikal (1645), Chinsura (1653), Kasimbazar, Baranagore, Patna, Balasore, Nagapattinam (all in 1658) and Cochin (1663).

95. Which of the following is Danish settlement in Tamil Nadu?

1. Karikal
2. Tranquebar
3. Pondicherry
4. Santhome

Explanation

Denmark also established trade settlements in India and their settlements were at Tranquebar in Tamilnadu (1620) and Serampore, their headquarters in Bengal

96. Match the following (French settlement in India)

1. Surat 1. 1739
2. Pondicherry 2. 1690
3. Chandernagore 3. 1673
4. Karaikal 4. 1668
5. 3, 4, 1, 2
6. 4, 2, 3, 1
7. 4, 3, 2, 1
8. 2, 4, 3, 1

Explanation

French settlements in India:

Surat (1668), Masulipatnam (1669), Pondicherry, a small village then (1673), Chandernagore in Bengal (1690). Later they acquired Mahe in the Malabar, Yanam in Coromandal (both in 1725) and Karaikal (1739).

97. Where was the 1^st British trading post in India was setup?

1. Cochin
2. Surat
3. Bombay
4. Goa

Explanation

The Company first created a trading post in Surat (where a factory was built in 1612), and then secured Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). Though the Company had many factories, Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and the Bombay Castle were the three major trade settlements of the English.

98. Which Mughal emperor ordered their Bengal governor to drive out the Portuguese from

their settlement at Hugli?

1. Akbar
2. Babur
3. Shah Jahan
4. Aurangzeb

Explanation

The Portuguese had authority over Goa under their viceroy. In Bengal they had their chief settlements in faraway Hugli. Shah Jahan ordered the Mughal Governor of Bengal, to drive out the Portuguese from their settlement at Hugli. About 200 Portuguese at Hugli owned nearly 600 Indian slaves. They had forced many of them to be baptised into the Christian faith. Moreover, Portuguese gunners from Goa had assisted the Bijapur forces against the Mughals. Though the Portuguese defended themselves valiantly, they were easily defeated.

99. When did Nur Jahan died?

1. 1627
2. 1645
3. 1660
4. 1639

Explanation

In 1641, Shah Jahan’s minister and father-in-law Asaf Khan died. Asaf Khan’s sister and Shah Jahan’s old enemy Nur Jahan, survived until December 1645, but lived in retirement and never caused him trouble again.

100. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. The Taj Mahal, is the epitome of Mughal architecture, a blend of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles
2. It was built by the Shah Jahan to immortalize his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Mumtaz Mahal died in childbirth in 1631
3. Building commenced in about 1632.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The Taj Mahal, is the epitome of Mughal architecture, a blend of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles. It was built by the Shah Jahan to immortalize his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Mumtaz Mahal died in childbirth in 1631, after having been the emperor’s inseparable companion since their marriage in 1612. Building commenced in about 1632. More than 20,000 workers were employed from India, Persia, the Ottoman Empire and Europe to complete the mausoleum by about 1638–39; the adjunct buildings were finished by 1643, and decoration work continued until at least 1647.

101. Who was the chief architect of Taj mahal?

1. Khanjahan
2. Malik Ambar
3. Ustad Ahmad Lahawri
4. Mir Jumla

Explanation

The plans for the complex Taj Mahal have been attributed to various architects of the period, though the chief architect was Ustad Ahmad Lahawri, an Indian of Persian descent. The complex – main gateway, garden, mosque and mausoleum (including its four minarets)- were conceived and designed as a unified entity.

102. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Shah Jahan of Mughal empire ruled for thirty years
2. In his reign the famous Peacock Throne was made for the King.
3. Louis XIV of France was contemporary to Shah Jahan
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

A contemporary of Louis XIV of France, Shah Jahan ruled for thirty years. In his reign the famous Peacock Throne was made for the King. He built the Taj Mahal by the side of the Yamuna at Agra.

103. Match the following

1. Bernier 1. Italian writer
2. Tavernier 2. French physician
3. Mandelslo 3. French gem merchant
4. Manucci 4. German adventurer
5. 3, 4, 1, 2
6. 4, 3, 1, 2
7. 2, 3, 4, 1
8. 4, 1, 3, 2

Explanation

Europeans like Bernier (French physician and traveller), Tavernier (French gem merchant and traveller), Mandelslo (German adventurer and traveller), Peter Mundy (English Trader) and Manucci (Italian writer and traveller) visited India during the reign of Shah Jahan and left behind detailed accounts of India.

104. Who was the eldest son of Shah Jahan?

1. Kamran
2. Dara Shukoh
3. Aurangzeb
4. Akbar II

Explanation

During the last days of Shah Jahan, there was a contest for the throne amongst his four sons. Dara Shukoh, the eldest, was the favourite of his father. He had been nominated as heir apparent, a fact resented by his brothers.

105. Who translated the Upanishads from Sanskrit to Persian?

1. Akbar
2. Shah Jahan
3. Dara Shukoh
4. Aurangzeb

Explanation

Dara Shukoh, who lost the battle for the throne of Delhi to his brother Aurangzeb, was known as the Philosopher Prince. He brought different cultures into dialogue and found a close connection between Hinduism and Islam. He translated the Upanishads from Sanskrit to Persian.

106. When did Shah Jahan died?

1. 1660
2. 1666
3. 1676
4. 1657

Explanation

Aurangzeb imprisoned Shah Jahan and crowned himself as the Mughal emperor. Shah Jahan died broken hearted as a royal prisoner in January 1666 and was buried in the Taj Mahal next to his wife.

107. Dara Shukoh was deeply interested in which of the following?

1. Sunni
2. Shyia
3. Sufism
4. Sikh

Explanation

Dara, professed the Sunni religion, but was deeply interested in Sufism. A war of succession broke out between the four sons of Shah Jahan in which Aurangzeb emerged victorious.

108. What does the word Alamgir mean?

1. World Conqueror
2. King of Kings
3. World catcher
4. War Hunter

Explanation

Aurangzeb Alamgir (“World Conqueror”) ascended the throne in 1658 after getting rid of all the competitors for the throne, Dara Shukoh, Shuja and Murad, in a war of succession.

109. When and where did Aurangzeb died?

1. 1707, Delhi
2. 1700, Delhi
3. 1707, Ahmad Nagar
4. 1700, Ahmad Nagar

Explanation

Aurangzeb reign of fifty years falls into two equal parts. During the first twenty-five years he resided in the north, chiefly at Delhi, and personally occupied himself with the affairs of northern India, leaving the Deccan in the hands of his viceroys. Around 1681 he was prompted by the rebellion of one of his sons, Prince Akbar, to go to the Deccan. He never returned to Delhi, dying disappointed at Ahmad Nagar in 1707.

110. Initially where does Aurangzeb had his capital?

1. Delhi
2. Agra
3. Shah Jahanabad
4. Ahmed Nagar

Explanation

Aurangzeb retained Shah Jahanabad as his capital initially, but after some two decades the capital was shifted to wherever Aurangzeb would set up camp during his long military campaigns.

111. Which of the following were uprising against Aurangzeb from North?

1. Jats
2. Satnamis
3. Sikhs
4. 1, 2
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

In the north there were three major uprisings against Aurangzeb. The Jats (Mathura district), the Satnamis (Haryana region), and the Sikhs rebelled against Aurangzeb.

112. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

1. The Jat rebellion was a constant feature even during the reign of Jahangir and Shah Jahan
2. The Satnamis revolt was crushed with the help local Hindu zamindars
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

The Jat rebellion (1669), a constant feature even during the reign of Jahangir and Shah Jahan, was crushed temporarily but they remained restive even after the death of Aurangzeb. The Satnamis revolt was crushed with the help local Hindu zamindars.

113. Which Sikh Guru was executed during Aurangzeb time?

1. Guru Arjun Dev
2. Guru Govind Singh
3. Guru Tegh Bahadur
4. Guru Ramdas

Explanation

The Sikh (The Punjab) rebellion erupted due to the political intrigues of Ram Rai, a claimant for the position of Sikh Guru, against the incumbent Guru Tegh Bahadur. This finally ended with the execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru. Aurangzeb nursed a grudge against the Sikhs for having supported his brother and principal rival to the throne, Dara Shukoh. Guru Tegh Bahadur, was killed at Aurangzeb’s command.

114. Which Mughal emperor reintroduced Jizya?

1. Akbar
2. Jahangir
3. Aurangzeb
4. Humayun

Explanation

Aurangzeb’s decision that the jizya (poll tax) should be levied (Reintroduced) on Hindus of all classes agitated the chiefs of Rajasthan, who had until then served the empire faithfully.

115. Which Rana of Mewar signed a peace treaty with Aurangzeb?

1. Raja Jaswant Singh
2. Rani Hadi
3. Rana Jai Singh
4. Indra Singh

Explanation

The Rana of Mewar, Rana Raj Singh, resenting the interference of Aurangzeb in the affairs of Marwar rose in revolt and he was supported by Prince Akbar, the rebellious son of Aurangzeb. However, the Rana could not match the Mughal forces and fought a guerrilla warfare till his death in 1680. In 1681 Rana Jai Singh, the new Rana of Mewar, signed a peace treaty with Aurangzeb.

116. Who was made as the titular chief of the state of Marwar by Aurangzeb?

1. Raja Jaswant Singh
2. Indra Singh
3. Rana Jai Singh
4. Rana Raj Singh

Explanation

The death of Jaswant Singh of Marwar brought about a succession issue. The Rajput queen Rani Hadi, wife of Raja Jaswant Singh, resented the move of Aurangzeb to install Indra Singh, a grandnephew of Jaswant Singh, a titular chief of the state. This led to a revolt with the help of Rathor Rajputs, but was effectively put down.

117. Which of the following statement about Aurangzeb’s Deccan Policy is correct?

1. Aurangzeb came to the Deccan in 1682 and remained in the Deccan till his death in 1707.
2. Bijapur Sultan lost because of Aurangzeb himself entered the battlefield
3. Golkonda was captured in 1687 after defeating the ruler Abul Hasan
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Aurangzeb came to the Deccan in 1682 and remained in the Deccan till his death in 1707. The Adil Shahi ruler Sikkandar Adil Shah of Bijapur resisted the different forces sent by Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb first sent his son Azam Shah (1685) but to no avail. Then he sent another son, Shah Alam to capture Bijapur. Though Bijapur Sultan, a Shia Muslim, ably defended the fort, he lost in the end, because Aurangzeb himself entered the battlefield and inspired his forces to fight to the finish. Golkonda was captured in 1687 after defeating the ruler Abul Hasan.

118. Who among the following son of Aurangzeb is rebellious against his father?

1. Azam Shah
2. Adil Shahi
3. Shah Alam
4. Akbar II

Explanation

The Deccan policy of Aurangzeb was motivated by the policy of containing the growing influence of the Marathas, the rebellious attitude of the Shia kingdoms of Deccan like Golkonda and Bijapur and to curtail the rebellious activities of his son Akbar II who had taken refuge in the Deccan.

119. Which city is the capital of Adil Shahi dynasty?

1. Bidar
2. Berar
3. Bijapur
4. Surat

Explanation

Bijapur (modern Vijayapura) was the capital of the Adil Shahi dynasty during1480-1686. It is famous for its magnificent buildings and dargahs. Gol Gumbaz (round dome) is the mausoleum of the seventh ruler of the dynasty Mohammad Adil Shah (1627-1656).

120. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Mohammad Adi Shah commissioned the mausoleum(Gol Gumbaz) in his lifetime
2. Built of dark grey basalt and decorated plaster, the exterior of Gol Gumbaz is simple but beautiful
3. On the four corners of the bare walls are four doomed octagonal towers
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Mohammad Adi Shah commissioned the mausoleum in his lifetime. Built of dark grey basalt and decorated plaster, the exterior of Gol Gumbaz is simple but beautiful. On the four corners of the bare walls are four doomed octagonal towers. Each tower has seven storeys and each storey has several windows which give the structure a striking look.

121. Which is the largest dome in the world?

1. Taj Mahal dome
2. Gol Gumbaz dome
3. St. Peter’s Basilica dome
4. None

Explanation

The Gol Gumbaz dome is the second largest in the world after St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. The huge chamber of 135 ft each wall and 178 ft high, contains an elevated platform on which five cenotaphs are placed. Those are of Muhammad Adil Shah, his wife Arus Bibi, a daughter, a grandson and his favourite mistress Rambha.

122. Who among the following were sent by Aurangzeb to capture Shivaji?

1. Shaista Khan
2. Nadir Shah
3. Jai Singh
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The Marathas under Shivaji were a threat to Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb sent two of his great generals Shaista Khan and Jai Singh one after the other to capture Shivaji.

123. Who among the following captured Shivaji?

1. Jai singh
2. Shaista Khan
3. Aurangzeb
4. Nadir Shah

Explanation

Jai Singh captured Shivaji and took him to Delhi but Shivaji managed to escape to the Deccan. Aurangzeb was severely tested by the Marathas till his death in 1707 as the sons of Shivaji continued the rebellion.

124. When did Shivaji died?

1. 1680
2. 1618
3. 1620
4. 1608

Explanation

Shivaji, employing guerrilla tactics, defied the Mughal forces till his death at the age of 53 in 1680. The death of Aurangzeb in 1707 marked a watershed in Indian history as the Mughal empire virtually came to end even though the weak successors of Aurangzeb held the throne the next 150 years.

125. When was Sambhaji was captured and executed?

1. 1680
2. 1689
3. 1679
4. 1669

Explanation

Aurangzeb sent a formidable army under his son Akbar to subdue the rebellious Rajput kings, but the emperor had not reckoned with his son’s traitorous conduct. Akbar, had declared himself the emperor, but was compelled to flee to the Deccan, where he enlisted the help of Shivaji’s son, Sambhaji. Aurangzeb decided to take to the field himself, and eventually drove his own son into exile in Persia. Sambhaji was captured in 1689 and executed. The Sultanates of Bijapur and Golkonda were also reduced to utter submission.

126. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Towards the end of his reign, Aurangzeb’s empire began to disintegrate
2. Many of his political appointees broke loose and declared themselves independent.
3. Aurangzeb’s preoccupation with affairs in the Deccan prevented him from meeting political challenges emanating from other parts of the empire
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Towards the end of his reign, Aurangzeb’s empire began to disintegrate and this process was accelerated in the years after his death, when “successor states” came into existence. The empire had become too large and unwieldy. Aurangzeb did not have enough trustworthy men at his command to manage the more far-flung parts of the empire. Many of his political appointees broke loose and declared themselves independent. Aurangzeb’s preoccupation with affairs in the Deccan prevented him from meeting political challenges emanating from other parts of the empire. Shortly after the death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal empire ceased to be an effective force in the political life of India.

127. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Aurangzeb issued orders that new temples should not be constructed; but the repair of old long-standing temples was permitted
2. Aurangzeb had discontinued the practise of levying abwab
3. During Aurangzeb reign, the number of Hindu officials increased when compared to the reign of Shah Jahan
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Aurangzeb re-imposed jizya. He also issued orders that new temples should not be constructed; but the repair of old long-standing temples was permitted. These measures were rooted not only in his religious faith but also due to political compulsions. As a staunch Muslim, Aurangzeb had discontinued the practise of levying abwab, a tax levied on the lands over and above the original rent, not sanctioned by Shariah. It should be noted that during the reign of Aurangzeb the number of Hindu officials increased when compared to the reign of Shah Jahan.

128. What was the population of India during 18^th century?

1. 20 crores
2. 15 crores
3. 10 crores
4. 30 crores

Explanation

The population of India is estimated to have been around 15 crores in the 16th century and 20 crores in the 18th century. Large areas of land were under forest cover and the area under cultivation would have been much less.

129. Which of the following statement is correct about Mughal society?

1. The Muqaddam, privileged headman of the village, formed the Panch (Panchayat), an administrative organ of the village.
2. The Panch allotted the unoccupied lands of the village to artisans, menials and servants for their service to the village.
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

Though the nature, composition and governance of village differed from place to place there were certain similarities in the village administration. The Muqaddam, privileged headman of the village, formed the Panch (Panchayat), an administrative organ of the village. The Panch was responsible for collection and maintenance of accounts at the village level. The Panch allotted the unoccupied lands of the village to artisans, menials and servants for their service to the village.

130. What does the term Hakims means in Mughal times?

1. Doctor
2. Shopkeeper
3. Musician
4. Artists

Explanation

The middle class consisted of small Mansabdars, petty shopkeepers, hakims (doctors), musicians, artists, petty officials of Mughal administration.

131. What was the grants received salaried class from Mughal emperor?

1. Khan-e-khan
2. Madad-i-Mash
3. Khan-e-Mash
4. Madad-e-khan

Explanation

There was a salaried class, and received grants called Madad-i-Mash from the Mughal emperor, local rulers and zamindars. This section often became part of the rural gentry and a link between the village and the town.

132. Which cities ranked along with contemporary European cities like London and Paris?

1. Dacca
2. Bombay
3. Lahore
4. Madras
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 2, 4
8. 1, 4

Explanation

Delhi, Agra, Fatehpur Sikri, Lahore, Ahmadabad, Dacca and Multan were important cities of the empire which could be ranked along with contemporary European cities like London and Paris.

133. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. The lower Mughal society men wore just a langota and the women a sari
2. The nobles were Mansabdars who received jagirs or land grants as payment according to their ranks.
3. The poor lived in houses made of mud and their diet consisted of wheat chapatis with pulses and vegetables.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The inequality in the standard of life amongst the privileged and the underprivileged classes was clear. Among the lower strata of society, the men wore just a langota and the women a sari. Footwear was not common. The poor lived in houses made of mud and their diet consisted of wheat chapatis with pulses and vegetables. On the contrary the Mughal privileged class consisting of zamindars and nobles led an ostentatious life. The nobles were Mansabdars who received jagirs or land grants as payment according to their ranks. The jagirdars were exploitative and oppressive in nature.

134. Who wrote Ain-i-Akbari?

1. Raja Birbal
2. Todar Mal
3. Akbar
4. Abul Fazal

Explanation

The Zamindars, members of dominant clans and castes with armed retainers, were a dominant class with privilege over lands of the peasants. Abul Fazal in his Ain-i-Akbari enlists the castes that were entitled to be zamindars. While mostly upper caste Hindus and Rajputs were zamindars, in certain localities Muslim zamindars existed. The zamindars had the right to evict the peasants, in default of payment of rent.

135. What % of Rajputs were there in Akbar nobility?

1. 50
2. 35
3. 15
4. 25

Explanation

It is estimated that during the reign of Akbar over 15% of the nobility consisted of Rajputs. Raja Man Singh, Raja Todar Mal and Raja Birbal were Rajput nobles of repute during Akbar.

136. Under whom does Shivaji’s father shaji worked?

1. Akbar
2. Shah Jahan
3. Aurangzeb
4. Jahangir

Explanation

The Rajputs appointed Kayasths and Khatris for various positions in government administration. Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb employed Marathas in their nobility. For example, Shaji, father of Shivaji, served Shah Jahan for some time.

137. What was the main reason for migrations from Central Asia into India?

1. Climatic Condition
2. Physiographic Condition
3. Career Prospects
4. For Spices

Explanation

There were continuous migrations from Central Asia as there were better career prospects in India. These migrations led to the enrichment of culture through assimilation of diversity. Though the nobility was divided on ethnic lines they formed a composite class promoting a syncretic culture by patronising painters, musicians and singers of both Persian and Indian origin.

138. Which of the following is correct during Mughal society?

1. The Hindu women had only limited right of inheritance.
2. Widow remarriage was not permitted among upper caste women
3. Mughal administration discouraged the practise of sati that was prevalent among communities of the higher caste.
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The Hindu women had only limited right of inheritance. Widow remarriage was not permitted among upper caste women. Along with household activities the women were involved in spinning yarn and helped in agricultural operations. Mughal administration discouraged the practise of sati that was prevalent among communities of the higher caste.

139. What does Mehr mean?

1. money mandatorily paid by Bride
2. money mandatorily paid by groom
3. Inherited property to groom
4. Inherited property to Bride

Explanation

Muslim brides were entitled to receive mehr (money mandatorily paid by the groom) at the time of marriage, and also had the right to inherit property, though it was not equal to the share of the male members of the family.

140. Ain-i-Akbari lists crops cultivated during which season?

1. Kharif
2. Rabi
3. Zaid
4. 1, 2
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The Ain-i-Akbari lists the various crops cultivated during the Rabi and Kharif seasons. Zamindars and village headmen possessed large tracts of land in which they employed labourers and paid them in cash and kind. Well irrigation was the dominant mode of irrigation.

141. In which century Tobacco and maize were introduced in India?

1. 3^rd
2. 7^th
3. 9^th
4. 11^th

Explanation

Tobacco and maize were introduced in the seventeenth century. Chilli and groundnut came later. Pineapple was introduced in the sixteenth century.

142. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Grafted varieties of mango came to be developed by the Portuguese
2. Indigo was another important commercial crop during the Mughal period
3. Sericulture underwent spectacular growth in Bengal to the extent that it became the chief supplier of silk to world trade
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Grafted varieties of mango came to be developed by the Portuguese. Potato, tomato and guava came later. Indigo was another important commercial crop during the Mughal period. Sericulture underwent spectacular growth in Bengal to the extent that it became the chief supplier of silk to world trade.

143. Who among the following introduced Zabt System?

1. Babur
2. Todar Mal
3. Jahangir
4. Shah Jahan

Explanation

Akbar promulgated the Zabt System (introduced by Todal Mal): money revenue rates were now fixed on each unit of area according to the crops cultivated. The schedules containing these rates for different localities applicable year after year were called dasturs.

144. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Kharkhanas were workshops where expensive craft products were produced.
2. The royal kharkhanas manufactured articles for the use of the royal family and nobility.
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

The urban economy was based on craft industry. Cotton textile industry employed large numbers of people as cotton carders, spinners, dyers, printers and washers. Iron, copper, diamond mining and gun making were other chief occupations. Kharkhanas were workshops where expensive craft products were produced. The royal kharkhanas manufactured articles for the use of the royal family and nobility. The excess production of the artisans was diverted to the merchants and traders for local and distant markets.

145. Match the following

1. Bengal 1. Handicraft
2. Coromandel coast 2. Silk
3. Lahore 3. Textile production
4. 1, 3, 2
5. 2, 3, 1
6. 2, 1, 3
7. 3, 2, 1

Explanation

Bengal was the chief exporting centre of rice, sugar, muslin, silk and food grains. The Coromandel coast was reputed for its textile production. Kashmiri shawls and carpets were distributed from Lahore which was an important centre of handicraft production. The movement of goods was facilitated by letters of credit called hundi.

146. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Europeans controlled trade with the West Asia and European countries, and restricted the involvement of Indian traders.
2. Europeans imported spices, indigo, Bengal silk, muslin, calico and chintz
3. Mughal silver coinage fuelled the demand for silver
4. 1, 2
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Europeans controlled trade with the West Asia and European countries, and restricted the involvement of Indian traders. Moreover, the Mughal empire, despite its vast resources and a huge army, was not a naval power. They did not realise that they were living in an era of expanding maritime trade. Europeans imported spices, indigo, Bengal silk, muslin, calico and chintz. In return, India obtained large quantities of silver and gold. Mughal silver coinage fuelled the demand for silver.

147. Who among the following is the author of Sur-Saravali?

1. Tukram
2. Surdas
3. Vallabhacharya
4. Vitthalnath

Explanation

Some of the major religious figures like Vallabhacharya and his son Vitthalnath propagated a religion of grace; and Surdas, an adherent to this sect, wrote Sur-Saravali in the local language.

148. Dasakuta movement was popularised by____

1. Tukram
2. Eknath
3. Vyasaraya
4. Sur Das

Explanation

Eknath and Tukaram were Bhakti poets from Maharashtra. The Dasakuta movement, a bhakti movement in Karnataka, popularised by Vyasaraya, turned out to be a lower-class movement.

149. Who among the following is a weaver?

1. Eknath
2. Tukram
3. Sur Das
4. Kabir

Explanation

The most important figure of the Bhakti movement was Kabir. Said to be a weaver, Kabir propounded absolute monotheism, condemned image worship and rituals, and the caste system. His popular poetry written in a simple language was spread orally across large parts of north India.

150. Match the following

1. Dadu 1. Barber
2. Ravidas 2. Weaver
3. Kabir 3. Worker in hides
4. Sain 4. Cotton carder
5. 2, 1, 3, 4
6. 4, 3, 2, 1
7. 4, 2, 1, 3
8. 3, 1, 2, 4

Explanation

Kabir was a weaver, Ravidas, a worker in hides, Sain, was a barber, and Dadu, a cotton carder. The Satnami sect in Haryana credited its origin to Kabir and his teachings. While Sanskrit and Persian were the languages of administration and intellectual activity, the vernacular languages demonstrated their literary vitality.

151. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Sikhism originated as a popular monotheistic movement
2. Guru Granth Sahib, the holy book of Sikhs, contained the sayings of Muslim saint Shaikh Farid and of Bhakti poets such as Namdev, Kabir, Sain and Ravidas
3. Guru Nanak condemned image worship and religious rituals
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Sikhism originated as a popular monotheistic movement, and evolved into one of the recognised religions of the world. Guru Granth Sahib, the holy book of Sikhs, contained the sayings of Muslim saint Shaikh Farid and of Bhakti poets such as Namdev, Kabir, Sain and Ravidas. Guru Nanak believed in one God who was formless and omnipresent. He condemned image worship and religious rituals. He stressed ethical conduct, kindness to all human beings and condemned caste system.

152. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Sufism was accepted by the orthodox theologians as long as it fulfilled the obligations of the shariah.
2. Sufism played a key role in creating religious harmony
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

India was a fertile soil for the prevalence of Sufism or Muslim mysticism that had its origin in Iran. It was accepted by the orthodox theologians as long as it fulfilled the obligations of the shariah. Sufism played a key role in creating religious harmony.

153. Who translated New Testament of the Bible into Tamil?

1. Roberto De Nobili
2. Francis Xavier
3. Ziegenbalg
4. Robert Bruce

Explanation

Ziegenbalg translated the New Testament of the Bible into Tamil in 1714, and soon the Old Testament as well.

154. When does first Lutheran missionaries under Danish patronage arrived in Tranquebar?

1. 1714
2. 1706
3. 1608
4. 1498

Explanation

Along with the European traders came the Christian missionaries like Roberto De Nobili, Francis Xavier. The early missionaries were Catholics. The first Lutheran missionaries under Danish patronage arrived in 1706 at Tranquebar.

155. Who among the following translated Bhaskaracharya’s Lilavati?

1. Farid
2. Faizi
3. Todar Mal
4. Akbar

Explanation

Akbar’s court poet Faizi translated Bhaskaracharya’s famous work on mathematics, Lilavati. Despite the presence of Europeans, there was no influence of them on the Indian society during the Mughal period.

156. During whose period pin-drum gearing known as Persian wheel was introduced?

1. Akbar
2. Babur
3. Jahangir
4. Shah Jahan

Explanation

The method of water-lift based on pin-drum gearing known as Persian wheel had been introduced during Babur’s time. A complicated system of water lift by a series of gear-wheels had been installed in Fatehpur Sikri.

157. Who is the first known person in the world to have devised the ‘ship’s camel’?

1. Babur
2. Humayun
3. Akbar
4. Shah Jahan

Explanation

Akbar was also credited with popularizing the device of cooling water using saltpetre. He is also the first known person in the world to have devised the ‘ship’s camel’, a barge on which the ship is built to make it easier for the ship to be carried to the sea. Some mechanical devices like the screw for tightening, manually driven belt-drill for cutting diamonds were in use.

158. According to Irfan Habib, even in which century India was unable to cast iron?

1. 18^th
2. 17^th
3. 15^th
4. 14^th

Explanation

As Irfan Habib observed, ‘India’s backwardness in technology was obvious when the matchlock remained the most common weapon in Indian armies. In Europe the flintlock had long come into use. Indians continued to use the expensive bronze cannon, long after these had become obsolete in Europe. This was because of India’s inability to make cast iron even in the seventeenth century.’

159. Which of the following are features of Mughals Architecture?

1. cupolas in the four corners
2. bulbous domes
3. pietra dura
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Architectural progress during the Mughals is a landmark in world art. Mughal buildings were noted for the massive structures decorated with bulbous domes, splendorous minarets, cupolas in the four corners, elaborate designs, and pietra dura (pictorial mosaic work).

160. The Mosque built by whom are not of much architectural significance?

1. Babur
2. Akbar
3. Humayun
4. Shah Jahan
5. 1, 2
6. 2, 3
7. 2, 4
8. 1, 3

Explanation

The mosques built during the time of Babur and Humayun are not of much architectural significance. The Sur dynasty left behind a few spectacular specimens in the form of the Purana Qila at Delhi, and the tombs of Sher Shah and Islam Shah at Sasaram in Bihar. The Purana Qila with a raised citadel and the tombs on a terraced platform surrounded by large tanks were novel features.

161. During who’s reign, Humayun’s tomb was enclosed with gardens?

1. Babur
2. Akbar
3. Jahangir
4. Shah Jahan

Explanation

During Akbar’s reign, Humayun’s tomb was enclosed with gardens and placed on a raised platform. Built by Indian artisans and designed by Persian architects it set a pattern to be followed in the future.

162. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. The Agra fort built with red sandstone is a specimen where Rajput architectural styles
2. The new capital city of Akbar Fatehpur Sikri enclosed within its walls several inspiring buildings
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

The Agra fort built with red sandstone is a specimen where Rajput architectural styles were also incorporated. The new capital city of Akbar Fatehpur Sikri enclosed within its walls several inspiring buildings. The magnificent gateway to Fatehpur Sikri, the Buland Darwaza, built by Akbar with red sandstone and marble is considered to be a perfect architectural achievement.

163. Where does Akbar’s mausoleum located?

1. Lahore
2. Multan
3. Sikandra
4. Bijapur

Explanation

The mausoleum of Akbar at Sikandra near Agra started by Akbar and completed by Jahangir includes some Buddhist architectural elements.

164. Which Mughal building was built completely with white marble?

1. Taj Mahal
2. Itimad-ud-daula tomb
3. Akbar Mausoleum
4. Humayun Mausoleum

Explanation

The tomb of Itimad-ud-daula, father of Nurjahan, built by Jahangir was the first Mughal building built completely with white marble.

165. During who’s reign Mughal architecture reached its apex?

1. Babur
2. Shah Jahan
3. Akbar
4. Jahangir

Explanation

Mughal architecture reached its apex during the reign of Shah Jahan. The Taj Mahal is a marble structure on an elevated platform, the bulbous dome in the centre rising on a recessed gateway with four cupolas around the dome and with four free-standing minarets at each of its corners is a monument of universal fame. He also established a new township, Shah jahanabad (present-day Old Delhi) where Red Fort and Jama Masjid are located.

166. Which of the following mosques were built by Shah Jahan?

1. Jama Masjid
2. Quwat-ul- Islam
3. Moti Masjid
4. 1, 2
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The Red Fort in Delhi, encompassed by magnificent buildings like Diwan-i Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, Moti Mahal and Hira Mahal reflect the architectural skills of the times of Shah Jahan. The Moti Masjid inside the Agra Fort made exclusively of marble, the Jama Masjid in Delhi, with its lofty gateway, series of domes and tall and slender minarets are the two significant mosques built by Shah Jahan.

167. Which of the following mosque is built by Aurangzeb?

1. Moti Masjid
2. Jama Masjid
3. Quwat-ul-Islam
4. Badshahi mosque

Explanation

Aurangzeb’s reign witnessed the construction of Badshahi mosque in Lahore and the marble tomb of Rabia ud daurani, known as Bibi-ka-maqbara (Tomb of the Lady) at Aurangabad.

168. Across which river Mughals greatest bridge is built over?

1. Ganga
2. Yamuna
3. Gomati
4. Sindhu

Explanation

Apart from the many massive structures, the Mughals contributed many civil works of public utility, the greatest of them being the bridge over the Gomati river at Jaunpur. The most impressive feat is the West Yamuna Canal which provided water to Delhi.

169. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. The temple of Govind Dev at Vrindavan near Mathura and Bir Singh’s temple of Chaturbhuj at Orchchaa (Madhya Pradesh) display Mughal influence.
2. The Shalimar Gardens of Jahangir and Shah Jahan are showpieces of Indian horticulture
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

The Shalimar Gardens of Jahangir and Shah Jahan are showpieces of Indian horticulture. Mughal architecture influenced even temple construction in different parts of the country. The temple of Govind Dev at Vrindavan near Mathura and Bir Singh’s temple of Chaturbhuj at Orchchaa (Madhya Pradesh) display Mughal influence.

170. Along with whom masters of miniature painting, Abdu’s Samad and Mir Sayyid Ali

came to India?

1. Babur
2. Akbar
3. Humayun
4. Jahangir

Explanation

The Mughals achieved international recognition in the field of painting. Mughal miniatures are an important part of the museums of the world. The masters of miniature painting, Abdu’s Samad and Mir Sayyid Ali, who had come to India from Central Asia along with Humayun inspired Indian painters.

171. Who among the following are were famous painters of Akbar’s court?

1. Abdu’s Samad
2. Daswant
3. Basawan
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

The Persian text of Mahabharata and Akbar Namah were illustrated with paintings by various painters. Daswant and Basawan were famous painters of Akbar’s court. European painting was introduced in Akbar’s court by Portuguese priests.

172. During who’s time portrait painting and the painting of animals had developed?

1. Akbar
2. Jahangir
3. Humayun
4. Babur

Explanation

During Jahangir’s time portrait painting and the painting of animals had developed. Mansur was a great name in this field. The great Dutch painter Rembrandt was influenced by Mughal miniatures. While Shah Jahan continued the tradition of painting, Aurangzeb’s indifference to painting led to dispersal of the painters to different parts of the country and thereby led to promotion of painting in the provinces.

173. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. According to Ain-i-Akbari, Tansen of Gwalior, credited with composing of many ragas, was patronised by Akbar
2. Jahangir and Shah Jahan were patrons of music.
3. Paintings in Babur Namah and Padshah Namah depict woman dancing to the accompaniment of musical instruments
4. 1, 2
5. 1, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

According to Ain-i-Akbari, Tansen of Gwalior, credited with composing of many ragas, was patronised by Akbar along with 35 other musicians. Jahangir and Shah Jahan were patrons of music. Though there is a popular misconception that Aurangzeb was against music, a large number of books on Indian classical music were written during his regime. His queens, princes and nobles continued to patronise music. The later Mughal Muhammad Shah was instrumental in inspiring important developments in the field of music. Paintings in Babur Namah and Padshah Namah depict woman dancing to the accompaniment of musical instruments.

174. What was the administrative language of Mughals?

1. Sanskrit
2. Persian
3. Bengali
4. Hindi

Explanation

Persian, Sanskrit and regional languages developed during the Mughal rule. Persian was the language of administration in Mughal Empire and the Deccan states. It influenced even the Rajput states where Persian words were used in administration.

175. Who among the following wrote Akbar Nama?

1. Akbar
2. Abul Fazal
3. Todar Mal
4. Ahmed Shah Abdali

Explanation

Abul Fazal patronised by Akbar compiled the history of Akbar in Akbar Nama and described Mughal administration in his work Ain-i-Akbari. The Ain-i-Akbari is commendable for its interest in science, statistics, geography and culture.

176. What was the biography of Shah Jahan?

1. Akbar Nama
2. Baduni Nama
3. Padhah Nama
4. Ain-i-Akbari

Explanation

Akbar Namah was emulated by Abdul Hamid Lahori and Muhammad Waris in their joint work Padshah Nama, a biography of Shah Jahan.

177. Who among the following wrote Alamgir Nama?

1. Abul Fazal
2. Abdur Rahim
3. Muhammad Waris
4. Muhammad Kazim

Explanation

Muhammad Kazim in his Alamgir Nama, a work on the reign of the first decade of Aurangzeb, followed the same pattern as that of Akbar Nama.

178. Who among the following translated Babur’s autobiography into Persian?

1. Shah Jahan
2. Abdur Rahim
3. Muhammad Kazim
4. Muhammad Waris

Explanation

Babur’s autobiography written in Chaghatai Turkish was translated into Persian by Abdur Rahim Khan-e-Khanan. Dabistan is an impartial account of the beliefs and works of different religions. Persian literature was enriched by translations of Sanskrit works.

179. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

1. The Sanskrit works produced during the Mughal rule are impressive
2. Rajavalipataka written by Prajna bhatta which completed the history of Kashmir belonged to reign of Akbar
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

The Sanskrit works produced during the Mughal rule are impressive. Sanskrit literature of this period is noted for the kavyas and historical poetry. Rajavalipataka, a kavya, written by Prajna bhatta which completed the history of Kashmir belonged to reign of Akbar.

180. Match the following

1. Tajika Neelakanthi 1. Dara Shukoh
2. Rasagangadhara 2. Nilakantha
3. Sirr-I-Akbar 3. Jaganatha Panditha
4. 3, 1, 2
5. 1, 3, 2
6. 2, 3, 1
7. 2, 1, 3

Explanation

The translation of Upanishads by Dara Shukoh, entitled Sirr-I-Akbar (the Great Secret), is a landmark. The Masnawis of Abul Faizi, Utbi and Naziri enriched Persian Poetry in India. Akbar’s astronomer Nilakantha wrote the Tajika Neelakanthi, an astrological treatise. Shah Jahan’s court poet Jaganatha Panditha wrote the monumental Rasagangadhara.

181. During whose rule Urdu as a common language of communication for people speaking

different dialects?

1. Delhi Sultans
2. Mughals
3. Marathas
4. Nanda

Explanation

The greatest contribution in the field of literature during the Mughal rule was the development of Urdu as a common language of communication for people speaking different dialects. Regional languages acquired stability and maturity and some of the finest lyrical poetry was produced during this period.

182. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Tulsidas who wrote in Awadhi, the Hindi dialect spoken in the eastern Uttar Pradesh, was very popular for his devotional ideals
2. Eknath questioned the superiority of Sanskrit over other languages.
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

Tulsidas who wrote in Awadhi, the Hindi dialect spoken in the eastern Uttar Pradesh, was very popular for his devotional ideals. Marathi literature had an upsurge due to the literary contribution of Eknath, Tukaram, Ramdas and Mukteshwar during this period. Eknath questioned the superiority of Sanskrit over other languages. The verses of Tukaram kindled monotheism. Mukteshwar composed Ramayana and Mahabharata in literary Marathi.

183. Who among the following wrote Manu Charitra?

1. Krishnadevaraya
2. Allasani Peddana
3. Devaraya II
4. Todar Mal

Explanation

Krishnadevaraya, the Vijayanagar ruler, through his Amuktamalyada (an epic poem on the Tamil woman poet, Andal) and his court Poet Allasani Peddana with his Manu Charitra were the leading beacons of Telugu literature during this period. Malayalam which had separated from Tamil as a language received a separate literary identity during this period.

184. Who emulated Bhakti poetry in Assamese language?

1. Eknath
2. Shankara Deva
3. Tukaram
4. Sur Das

Explanation

In Assamese language the tradition of Bhakti poetry was emulated by Shankara Deva who initiated a new literary tradition. Assamese literary works were produced in the fields of astronomy, arithmetic, and treatment of elephants and horses. Ramayana and Mahabharata were also retold in the Assamese language.

185. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. During Mughal period Tamil literature was dominated by Saivite and Vaishnavite literature.
2. Kumaraguruparar composed important literary works such as Meenakshiammai Pillai Tamil and Neethineri Vilakkam
3. The Christian missionaries like Roberto de Nobili and Constantine Joseph Beschi (Veeramamunivar) contributed much to Tamil language.
4. 1, 2
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

During this period Tamil literature was dominated by Saivite and Vaishnavite literature. Kumaraguruparar, a great Saiva poet, is said to have visited Varanasi in the late seventeenth century. He composed important literary works such as Meenakshiammai Pillai Tamil and Neethineri Vilakkam. Thayumanavar wrote highly devotional verses with compassion for all humanity and he formulated a sanmarga that tried to bridge differences During this period Tamil literature was dominated by Saivite and Vaishnavite literature. Kumaraguruparar, a great Saiva poet, is said to have visited Varanasi in the late seventeenth century. He composed important literary works such as Meenakshiammai Pillai Tamil and Neethineri Vilakkam. Thayumanavar wrote highly devotional verses with compassion for all humanity and he formulated a sanmarga that tried to bridge differences.