Rise of Nationalism in India 12th History Lesson 1 Questions in English

12th History Lesson 1 Questions in English

1] Rise of Nationalism in India

1. Who among the following return from south Africa and his leadership of the Indian nationalist movement in 1919 Indian nationalism entered a mass phase?

1. Dr B. R. Ambedkar
2. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
3. Jawaharlal Nehru
4. Subash Chandra Bose

Explanation

The history of nationalism in India begins with the campaigns and struggles for social reforms in the nineteenth century followed by the Western educated Indians’ prayers and petitions for political liberties. With the return of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi from South Africa in 1915, and his leadership of the Indian nationalist movement in 1919 Indian nationalism entered a mass phase.

2. In the pre-British days, the land revenue was realised by what?

1. By sharing the actual crop with the cultivators
2. By sharing the farm land with the cultivators
3. By providing jobs under the King
4. By providing jobs at temple to collect tax

Explanation

The British destroyed the traditional basis of Indian land system. In the pre-British days, the land revenue was realised by sharing the actual crop with the cultivators. The British fixed the land revenue in cash without any regard to various contingencies, such as failure of crops, fall in prices and droughts or floods.

3. Which among the following was the two major implications of the new land settlements introduced by the East India Company?

1. Productivity and Consumption of land
2. Implementation and Commodification of land
3. Productivity and Commodification of land
4. Commodification and Commercialisation of land

Explanation

There were also two other major implications of the new land settlements introduced by the East India Company. They institutionalised the commodification of land and commercialisation of agriculture in India.

4. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The practice of sale in settlement of debt encouraged money lenders to advance money to landholders and resorting to every kind of trickery to rob them of their property.
2. As mentioned earlier, there was more private property in land in pre-British era. Now, land became a commodity that could be transferred only by way of the administration taking over land from holders, in lieu of default on payment of tax/rent. Land taken over in such cases was auctioned off to another bidder.
3. This created a new class of absentee landlords who lived in the cities and extracted revenue from the lands without actually living on the lands. In the traditional agricultural set-up, the villagers produced largely for their consumption among themselves. After the new land settlements, agricultural produce was predominantly for the market.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

As mentioned earlier, there was no private property in land in pre-British era. Now, land became a commodity that could be transferred either by way of buying and selling or by way of the administration taking over land from holders, in lieu of default on payment of tax/rent. Land taken over in such cases was auctioned off to another bidder.

5. The company policy of de-industrialization of India was continued up to which period?

1. Beginning of world war II
2. Industrial revolution
3. Beginning of world war I
4. French revolution

Explanation

The policy of the Company in the wake of Industrial Revolution in England resulted in the de-industrialization of India. This continued until the beginning of the World War I.

6. What is the other name of British Free Trade Policy?

1. Laissez Faire
2. Sluggish Faire
3. Comercio Faire
4. Tierra Faire

Explanation

The British Government pursued a policy of free trade or laissez faire.

7. Which among the following raw material were taken to Britain and transported back to the Indian markets as finished product?

1. Wheat
2. Sugar Cane
3. Barley
4. Cotton

Explanation

Raw materials like cotton, jute and silks from India were taken to Britain. The finished products made from those raw materials were then transported back to the Indian markets. Mass production with the help of technological advancement enabled them to flood the Indian market with their goods.

8. Which among the following statement is correct?

1. Prior to the arrival of the British, India was known for its handloom products and handicrafts. It commanded a good world market. However, as a result of the colonial policy, gradually Indian handloom products and handicrafts lost their market, domestic as well as international
2. Import of English articles into India threw the weavers, the cotton dressers, the carpenters, the blacksmiths and the shoemakers out of employment. The finished products was available at a comparatively cheaper price than the Indian handloom cloth.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

9. Which among the following crop was produced by farmers by British forcing them?

1. Lavender
2. Pasque
3. Tulips
4. Indigo

Explanation

India became a procurement area for the raw material and the farmers were forced to produce industrial crops like indigo and other cash crops like cotton for use in British factories. Due to this shift, subsistence agriculture, which was the mainstay for several hundred years, suffered leading to food scarcity.

10. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The Indigo revolt of 1904-05 was one of the responses from the Indian farmer to the oppressive policy of the British. Indian tenants were forced to grow indigo by their planters who were mostly Indians. Used to dye the clothes indigo was in high demand in Europe.
2. Peasants were forced to accept meagre amounts as advance and enter into unfair contracts. Once a peasant accepted the contract, he had no option but to grow indigo on his land. The price paid by the planter was far lower than the market price. Many a times, the peasants could not even pay their land revenue dues.
3. Hoping that the authorities would address their concerns, the peasants wrote several petitions to authorities and organised peaceful protests. As their plea for reform went in vain, they revolted by refusing to accept any further advances and enter into new contracts. Peasants, through the Indigo revolt, were able to force the planters to withdraw from northern-Bengal.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

The Indigo revolt of 1859-60 was one of the responses from the Indian farmer to the oppressive policy of the British. Indian tenants were forced to grow indigo by their planters who were mostly Europeans. Used to dye the clothes indigo was in high demand in Europe.

11. William Digby, the editor of which news paper pointed out that in just ten years (1891-1900), nineteen million had died in India in famines alone?

1. Bombay Times
2. Madras Times
3. India Times
4. London Times

Explanation

William Digby, the editor of Madras Times, pointed out that during 1793-1900 alone an estimated five million people had died in all the wars around the world, whereas in just ten years (1891-1900), nineteen million had died in India in famines alone.

12. Which among the following statement is correct

1. As India became increasingly deindustrialised and weavers and artisans engaged in handicrafts were thrown out of employment, there were recurrent famines due to the neglect of irrigation and oppressive taxation on land.
2. Before the arrival of the British, Indian rulers had no ameliorate even in the difficulties of the populace in times of famines the collected tax by regulating the grain prices but they banned food exports from famine-hit areas.
3. But the British extended their policy of non-intervention (laissez faire) even to famines. As a result, millions of people died of starvation during the Raj. It has been estimated that between 1770 and 1900, twenty-five million Indians died in famines.
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 1 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Before the arrival of the British, Indian rulers had ameliorated the difficulties of the populace in times of famines by providing tax relief, regulating the grain prices and banning food exports from famine-hit areas.

13. During which famine in 1866 while a million and a half people starved to death, the British exported 200 million pounds of rice to Britain?

1. Orissa Famine
2. Madras Famine
3. Bombay Famine
4. Assam Famine

Explanation

Sadly, when people were dying of starvation millions of tonnes of wheat was exported to Britain. During the 1866 Orissa Famine, for instance, while a million and a half people starved to death, the British exported 200 million pounds of rice to Britain.

14. The Orissa Famine prompted which nationalist to begin his lifelong investigations into Indian poverty?

1. Dadabhai Naoroji
2. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
3. Bipin Chandra Pal
4. Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation

The Orissa Famine prompted nationalist Dadabhai Naoroji to begin his lifelong investigations into Indian poverty.

15. Which Viceroy adopted a hands-off approach similar to that followed in Orissa during a severe famine in the Madras Presidency during 1876-78?

1. Lawrence
2. Minto
3. Canning
4. Lytton

Explanation

The failure of two successive monsoons caused a severe famine in the Madras Presidency during 1876-78. The viceroy Lytton adopted a hands-off approach similar to that followed in Orissa. An estimated 3.5 million people died in the Madras presidency.

16. Which year the Governor of Madras received a communication from the Governor of Ceylon asking for “coolies” to work on the coffee plantations?

1. 1902
2. 1842
3. 1815
4. 1802

Explanation

In 1815, the Governor of Madras received a communication from the Governor of Ceylon asking for “coolies” to work on the coffee plantations. The Madras Governor forwarded this letter to the collector of Thanjavur, who reported that the people were very much attached to the soil and unless some incentive was provided it was not easy to make them move out of their native soil.

17. Which among the following country is not part of British Empire colonies?

1. Japan
2. Mauritius
3. South Africa
4. Fiji

Explanation

The introduction of plantation crops such as coffee, tea and sugar in Empire colonies such as Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Mauritius, Fiji, Malaya, the Caribbean islands, and South Africa required enormous labour.

18. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The outbreak of two famines (1833 and 1843) forced the people, without any prompting from the government, to leave for Ceylon to work as coolies in coffee and tea plantations under the indentured labour system.
2. The abolition of slavery in British India in 1903 also facilitated the processes of emigration to Empire colonies. In 1917 the number of immigrant Tamil labourers employed in Ceylon coffee estate was estimated at 30,000. The industry developed rapidly and so did the demand for Tamil labour.
3. Besides Ceylon, many Indians opted to emigrate as indentured labour to other British colonies such as Mauritius, Straits Settlements, Caribbean islands, Trinidad, Fiji and South Africa. In 1843 it was officially reported that 30,218 male and 4,307 females had entered Mauritius as indentured labourers.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

The abolition of slavery in British India in 1843 also facilitated the processes of emigration to Empire colonies. In 1837 the number of immigrant Tamil labourers employed in Ceylon coffee estate was estimated at 10,000. The industry developed rapidly and so did the demand for Tamil labour. In 1877, the famine year, there were nearly 380,000 Tamil labourers in Ceylon.

19. Under Indentured Labour penal contract system (indenture), labourers were hired for a period of how many years?

1. Seven years
2. Twenty-Five years
3. Twelve years
4. Five years

Explanation

Under Indentured Labour penal contract system (indenture), labourers were hired for a period of five years and they could return to their homeland with passage paid at the end. Many impoverished peasants and weavers went hoping to earn some money. It turned out to be as worse than slave labour.

20. Among the Hindus, who had the exclusive privilege to acquire higher religious and philosophical knowledge?

1. Brahmins
2. Sudras
3. Dalits
4. Vaishyas

Explanation

Education in pre-colonial India was characterised by segmentation along religious and caste lines. Among the Hindus, Brahmins had the exclusive privilege to acquire higher religious and philosophical knowledge.

21. Brahmins studied in special seminaries such as _____

1. Theravada
2. Mahayana
3. Chatuspathis
4. Ugathiyas

Explanation

Brahmins monopolised the education system and occupied positions in the society, primarily as priests and teachers. They studied in special seminaries such as Vidyalayas and Chatuspathis.

22. Which was the medium of instruction, which was considered as the sacred language by Brahmins?

1. Tamil
2. Sanskrit
3. Telugu
4. Tulu

Explanation

The medium of instruction was Sanskrit, which was considered as the sacred language. Technical knowledge – especially in relation to architecture, metallurgy, etc. – was passed hereditarily. This came in the way of innovation. Another shortcoming of this system was that it barred women, lower castes and other underprivileged people from accessing education.

23. Which among the following statement is incorrect

1. The colonial government failed to spread of modern education in India for a different reason than educating and empowering the Indians. To administer a large colony like India, the British needed a division of personnel to work for them.
2. It was impossible for the British to import the educated lot, needed in such large numbers, from Britain. With this aim, the English Education Act was passed by the Council of India in 1835.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

The colonial government aided the spread of modern education in India for a different reason than educating and empowering the Indians. To administer a large colony like India, the British needed a large number of personnel to work for them.

24. Who drafted the colonial system of education introduced in India?

1. Willingdon
2. Mountbatten
3. Canning
4. Macaulay

Explanation

T.B. Macaulay drafted the colonial system of education introduced in India. Consequently, the colonial administration started schools, colleges and universities, imparting English and modern education, in India. Universities were established in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta in 1857.

25. Who were the agents allowed by Colonial state to trick or kidnap indigent landless labourers?

1. Parthuns
2. Bogaies
3. Kanganis
4. Sandilos

Explanation

The colonial state allowed agents (kanganis) to trick or kidnap indigent landless labourers. The labourers suffered terribly on the long sea voyages and many died on the way. The percentage of deaths of indentured labour during 1856-57, in a ship bound for Trinidad from Kolkata is as follows: 12.3% of all males, 18.5% of the females, 28% of the boys 36% of the girls and 55% of the infants perished.

26. Who among the following was the India’s first law member of the Governor General in Council from 1834 to 1838?

1. T. B. Macaulay
2. William Bentinck
3. Warren Hastings
4. Canning

Explanation

T. B. Macaulay was India’s first law member of the Governor General in Council from 1834 to 1838.

27. Before Macaulay arrived in India which was formed in 1823 with the responsibility to guide the East India Company on the matter of education and the medium of instruction?

1. General Committee of British Education
2. General Committee of Public Instruction
3. General Committee of Educational Council
4. General Committee of Regional Council

Explanation

Before Macaulay arrived in India the General Committee of Public Instruction was formed in 1823 with the responsibility to guide the East India Company on the matter of education and the medium of instruction.

28. The General Committee of Public Instruction was split into how groups?

1. Four
2. Two
3. Six
4. Three

Explanation

The General Committee of Public Instruction was split into two groups. The Orientalist group advocated education in vernacular languages. The Anglicists advocated Western education in English.

29. Which famous book was written by Macaulay while he was on the side of Anglicists in 1835?

1. The Educational Heritage of Ancient India
2. History of Indigenous Education
3. Minute on Indian Education
4. Indian Education in British Standard

Explanation

Macaulay was on the side of Anglicists and wrote his famous ‘Minute on Indian Education’ in 1835. In this Minute, he argued for Western education in the English language. His intention behind supporting the Anglicists was that he wanted to create a class of persons from within India who would ‘be Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinion, in morals and in intellect’.

30. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The economic and administrative transformation on the one side and the growth of Western education on the other gave the space for the growth of new social classes. From within these social classes, a modern Indian intelligentsia emerged.
2. The “neo-social classes” created by the British Raj, which included the Indian trading and business communities, landlords, money lenders, English-educated Indians employed in imperial subordinate services, lawyers and doctors, initially adopted a positive approach towards the colonial administration.
3. However, soon they realised that their interests would be better served only in independent India. People of the said social classes began to play a prominent role in promoting patriotism amongst the people. The consciousness of these classes found articulation in a number of associations prior to the founding of the Indian National Congress at the national level.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

31. Which among the following was not the three inherent rights, which their European counterparts held dear to their heart, and the educated Indians too desired to cling to?

1. The right of a free press
2. The right of vote
3. The right of free speech
4. The right of association

Explanation

Educated Indians had exposure to ideas of nationalism, democracy, socialism, etc. articulated by John Locke, James Stuart Mill, Mazzini, Garibaldi, Rousseau, Thomas Paine, Marx and other western intellectuals. The right of a free press, the right of free speech and the right of association were the three inherent rights, which their European counterparts held dear to their heart, and the educated Indians too desired to cling to.

32. Which among the following establishment made people could meet and discuss the issues affecting their interests?

1. Postal
2. Telegraph
3. Wireless Services
4. All the above

Explanation

Various forums came into existence, where people could meet and discuss the issues affecting their interests. This became possible now at the national level, due to the rapid expansion of transport network and establishment of postal, telegraph and wireless services all over India.

33. Inspired by what, Christian missionaries attacked polytheism and caste inequalities that were prevalent among the Hindus?

1. Proselytizing sprit
2. Evangelizing sprit
3. Epithelializing sprit
4. Gelatinizing sprit

Explanation

One of the earliest initiatives to impart modern education among Indians was taken up by the Christian missionaries. Inspired by the proselytizing sprit, they attacked polytheism and caste inequalities that were prevalent among the Hindus. One of the methods adopted by the missionaries, to preach Christianity, was through modern secular education.

34. Who felt the need for reforming the society before involving the people in any political programmes?

1. Brahmins
2. English Educated Intelligentsia
3. Sanskrit Scholars
4. French Colonized people

Explanation

The English educated intelligentsia felt the need for reforming the society before involving the people in any political programmes. British provided opportunities to acquire education to the underprivileged and the marginalised sections, who were denied learning opportunities in the traditional education system. However only a very small fraction converted to Christianity.

35. Who among the following founded Brahmo Samaj?

1. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
2. Dr Atmaram Pandurang
3. Narayana Guru
4. Syed Ahmad Khan

Explanation

The Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

36. Who among the following represented the Aligarh Movement?

1. Muhammad Iqbal
2. Narayana Guru
3. Syed Ahmad Khan
4. Dr Atmaram Pandurang

Explanation

The Aligarh Movement, represented by Syed Ahmad Khan

37. Which among the following is not the Revivalist movements?

1. Arya Samaj
2. The Prarthana Samaj
3. The Ramakrishna Mission
4. The Deoband Movement

Explanation

Revivalist movements such as the Arya Samaj, the Ramakrishna Mission and the Deoband Movement. Reformist movements such as the Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, the Prarthana Samaj, founded by Dr Atmaram Pandurang and the Aligarh Movement, represented by Syed Ahmad Khan.

38. Who among the following led social movement in Pune?

1. Kanshi Ram
2. Jyotiba Phule
3. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
4. Dayananda Saraswati

Explanation

The social movements led by Jyotiba Phule in Pune.

39. Who among the following did not led social movement in Tamil Nadu?

1. Ramalinga Adigal
2. Vaikunda Swamigal
3. Iyothee Thassar
4. Ayyankali

Explanation

There were social movements led by Narayana Guru and Ayyankali in Kerala and Ramalinga Adigal, Vaikunda Swamigal and later Iyothee Thassar in Tamil Nadu.

40. When Brahmo Samaj was founded by Ram Mohan Roy?

1. 1807
2. 1828
3. 1837
4. 1851

Explanation

The reformers of nineteenth century responded to the challenge posed by Western Enlightenment knowledge based on reason. Indian national consciousness emerged as a result of the rethinking triggered by these reforms. The Brahmo Samaj was founded by Ram Mohan Roy in 1828.

41. Which among the following became the main concerns for Roy’s reformers?

1. Abolition of Sati
2. Abolition of Caste
3. Abolition of Poverty
4. All the above

Explanation

Roy’s initiative was followed up by reformers like Keshav Chandra Sen and Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar. Abolition of sati and child marriage and widow remarriage became the main concerns for these reformers.

42. Which social reform movement played huge role among the Muslims?

1. Prarthana Samaj
2. Arya Samaj
3. Deoband Movement
4. Aligarh Movement

Explanation

Aligarh Movement, played a huge social reform role among the Muslims. Slowly, organisations and associations of political nature came up in different parts of British India to vent the grievances of the people.

43. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Indian national movement dates its birth from the 1892 uprising. The outrages committed by the British army after putting down the revolt remained “avenged”. Even the court-martial law and formalities were observed.
2. Officers who sat on the court martial swore that they would hang their prisoners, guilty or innocent and, if any dared to raise his voice against such indiscriminate vengeance, he was silenced by his angry colleagues. Persons condemned to death after the mockery of a trial were often tortured by soldiers before their execution, while the officers looked on approvingly.
3. Only 1
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. None

Explanation

Indian national movement dates its birth from the 1857 uprising. The outrages committed by the British army after putting down the revolt remained “un-avenged”. Even the court-martial law and formalities were not observed.

44. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The English followed a policy of racial discrimination. The systematic exclusion of the Indians from higher official positions came to be looked upon as an anti-Indian policy measure and the resultant discontent of the Indian upper classes led the Indians to revolt against the British rule.
2. When civil service examinations were introduced the age, limit was fixed at thirty. When Indians were making it, with a view to debarring the Indians from entering the civil services, the age limit was reduced to twenty-four.
3. Similarly, despite requests from Indian educated middle class to hold the civil service examinations simultaneously in India, the Imperial government refused to concede the request.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

When civil service examinations were introduced the age, limit was fixed at twenty-one. When Indians were making it, with a view to debarring the Indians from entering the civil services, the age limit was reduced to nineteen.

45. Which act of censoring the press evoked protest?

1. Vernacular Press Act
2. Swaraj Press Act
3. Queen Press Act
4. Ripon Press Act

Explanation

Repressive regulations like Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code (1870), punishing attempts to excite disaffection towards the Government, and the Vernacular Press Act (1878), censoring the press, evoked protest.

46. On which product British abolished custom duty imported from England and levy of excise duty on same product manufactured in India created nationwide discontent?

1. Tobacco
2. Silk
3. Cotton
4. Wheat

Explanation

Abolition of custom duty on cotton manufactures imported from England and levy of excise duty on cotton fabrics manufactured in India created nationwide discontent.

47. During the viceroyalty of Ripon the Indian judges were empowered through which Bill to try Europeans?

1. Canning Bill
2. Elizabeth Bill
3. Macauley Bill
4. Ilbert Bill

Explanation

During the viceroyalty of Ripon, the Indian judges were empowered through the Ilbert Bill to try Europeans. But in the face of resistance from the Europeans the bill was amended to suit the European interests.

48. Which among the following News Paper was published by Raja Ram Mohan Roy?

1. Swadesamitran
2. The Tribune
3. Sambad Kaumudi
4. Amrit Bazaar Patrika

Explanation

Raja Rammohan Roy’s Sambad Kaumudi (1821) in Bengali and Mirat-Ul-Akbar (1822) in Persian played a progressive role in educating the people on issues of public importance. Later on a number of nationalist and vernacular News-paper came to be launched to build public opinion and they did yeomen service in fostering nationalist consciousness.

49. The introduction of which in India helped people to spread, modern ideas of self-government, democracy, civil rights and industrialisation?

1. Railways
2. Printing Press
3. Books
4. Pen

Explanation

The introduction of printing press in India was an event of great significance. It helped people to spread, modern ideas of self-government, democracy, civil rights and industrialisation. The press became the critic of politics. It addressed the people on several issues affecting the country. Some news-paper are Amrit Bazaar Patrika, The Bombay Chronicle, The Tribune, The Indian Mirror, The Hindu and Swadesamitran were prominent.

50. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Orientalists like William Jones, Charles Wilkins and Max Muller explored and translated religious, historical and literary texts from Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic into Hindi and made them available to all Indians.
2. Influenced by the richness of Indian traditions and scholarship, many of the early nationalists made a fervent plea to revive the pristine glory of India.
3. Swami Vivekananda would write, ‘The mission of Nationalism, in our view, is to recover Indian thought, Indian character, Indian perceptions, Indian energy, Indian greatness and to solve the problems that perplex the world in an ancient spirit and from the British-India standpoint.’
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 1 and 3
7. Both 2 and 3

Explanation

Orientalists like William Jones, Charles Wilkins and Max Muller explored and translated religious, historical and literary texts from Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic into English and made them available to all

Aurobindo Ghose would write, ‘The mission of Nationalism, in our view, is to recover Indian thought, Indian character, Indian perceptions, Indian energy, Indian greatness and to solve the problems that perplex the world in an Indian spirit and from the Indian standpoint.

51. When Madras Native Association (MNA) was formed?

1. 1852
2. 1863
3. 1893
4. 1903

Explanation

One of the first attempts to organise and vent the grievances against the British came through the formation of the Madras Native Association (MNA) on 26 February 1852.

52. Who inspired the foundation of Madras Native Association (MNA), was a prominent businessman in Madras city?

1. Periyar E. V. Ramasamy
2. T. M. Nair
3. Gajula Lakshminarasu
4. Natesa Mudaliar

Explanation

An association of landed and business classes of the Madras Presidency, they expressed their grievances against the Company’s administration in the revenue, education and judicial spheres. Gajula Lakshminarasu, who inspired the foundation of MNA, was a prominent businessman in Madras city.

53. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The Association presented its grievances before British Parliament when it was discussing the East India Company’s rule in India before the passing of the Charter in 1883. In a petition submitted in December 1889, the MNA pointed out that the Mahalwari systems had thrown agricultural classes into deep distress.
2. It urged the revival of the ancient village system to free the peasantry from the oppressive interference of the zamindars and the Company officials. The petition also made a complaint about the judicial system which was slow, complicated and imperfect.
3. It pointed out that the appointment of judges without assessing their judicial knowledge and competence in the local languages affected the efficiency of the judiciary. The diversion of state funds to missionary schools, under the grants-in-aid system, was also objected to in the petition.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

The Association presented its grievances before British Parliament when it was discussing the East India Company’s rule in India before the passing of the Charter in 1853. In a petition submitted in December 1852, the MNA pointed out that the ryotwari and zamindari systems had thrown agricultural classes into deep distress.

54. Who was Chairman of the Indian Reform Society, came to Madras in October 1853 to discussed in the Parliament in March 1853?

1. A. O. Hume
2. H. D. Seymour
3. William Norris
4. Herman Hollerith

Explanation

The MNA petition was discussed in the Parliament in March 1853. H. D. Seymour, Chairman of the Indian Reform Society, came to Madras in October 1853. He visited places like Guntur, Cuddalore, Tiruchirappalli, Salem and Tirunelveli.

55. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The Charter Act of 1853 allowed British East India Company to continue its rule in India, the MNA organised an agitation for the transfer of British territories in India to the direct control of the Crown. MNA sent its second petition to British Parliament, signed by fourteen thousand individuals, pleading the termination of Company rule in India.
2. The life of MNA was short. Lakshminarasu died in 1866 and by 1881, the association ceased to exist. Though the MNA did not achieve much in terms of reforms, it was the beginning of organised effort to articulate Indian opinion. In its lifetime, the MNA operated within the boundaries of Madras Presidency.
3. The grievances that the MNA raised through its petitions and the agitations it launched were from the point of view of the elite, particularly the landed gentry of Madras Presidency. What was lacking was a national political organisation representing every section of the society, an organisation that would raise the grievances and agitate against the colonial power for their redress
4. Only 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 1 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

56. Which political organisation was formed in May 1884 the Madras Native Association became defunct in Madras Presidency?

1. Madras Mahajana Sabha
2. Madras Justice Party
3. Madras Purshva Party
4. Madras Mandir Sabha

Explanation

After the Madras Native Association became defunct there was no such public organisation in the Madras Presidency. As many educated Indians viewed this situation with dismay, the necessity for a political organisation was felt and in May 1884 the Madras Mahajana Sabha was organised.

57. Who among the following was not the prominent participants of the inaugural meeting of Madras Mahajana Sabha held on 16 May 1884?

1. G. Subramaniam
2. Rettamalai Srinivasan
3. Ananda Charlu
4. Balaji Rao

Explanation

In the inaugural meeting of Madras Mahajana Sabha (MMS)held on 16 May 1884 the prominent participants were: G. Subramaniam, Viraraghavachari, Ananda Charlu, Rangiah, Balaji Rao and Salem Ramaswamy. With the launch of the Indian National Congress (INC), after the completion of the second provincial conference of MMS, the leaders after attending the first session of the INC in Bombay amalgamated the MMS with the INC.

58. Which among the following statement is correct

1. The idea of forming a political organisation that would raise issues and grievances against the colonial rule emerge in a vacuum on 1857 revolt. Between 1857 and 1865 there were many agitations against British policies in India.
2. The Indian textile industry was campaigning for imposition of cotton import duties in 1875. In 1877, demands for the Indianisation of Government services were made vociferously. There were protests against the Vernacular Press Act of 1878. In 1883, there was an agitation in favour of the Ilbert Bill.
3. But these agitations and protests were sporadic and not coordinated. There was a strong realisation that these protests would not impact on the policy makers unless a national political organisation was formed. From this realisation was born the Indian National Congress.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

The idea of forming a political organisation that would raise issues and grievances against the colonial rule did not emerge in a vacuum. Between 1875 and 1885 there were many agitations against British policies in India.

59. In December 1884, who presided over a meeting of the Theosophical Society in Madras?

1. Dadabhai Naoroji
2. Allan Octavian Hume
3. Sarojini Naidu
4. Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Explanation

In December 1884, Allan Octavian Hume, a retired English ICS officer, presided over a meeting of the Theosophical Society in Madras.

60. The idea of forming which political party emerged in 1884 Theosophical Society in Madras.?

1. Madras Mahajana Sabha
2. Justice Party
3. Socialist Party
4. Indian National Congress

Explanation

In December 1884, at Theosophical Society in Madras formation of a political organisation that would work on an all India basis was discussed and the idea of forming the Indian National Congress emerged in this meeting.

61. Where Indian National Congress was formed on 28 December 1885?

1. Madras
2. Calcutta
3. Bombay
4. Delhi

Explanation

The Indian National Congress was formed on 28 December 1885 in Bombay. Apart from A.O Hume, another important founding member was W C. Bonnerjee, who was elected the first president.

62. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Though the activities of the INC then revolved around petitions and memoranda, from the very beginning the founders of the INC worked to bring every section of the society into its ambit. One of the main missions of the INC was to weld the Indians into a nation.
2. They were convinced that the struggle against the colonial rule will be successful only if Indians saw themselves as the members of a nation. To achieve this, the INC acted as a common political platform for all the movements that were being organised in different parts of the country.
3. The INC provided the space where the political workers from different parts of the country could gather and conduct their political activities under its banner. Even though the organization was small with less than a hundred members, it had an all India character with representation from all regions of India.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

63. Which among the following was not the major objectives and demands of INC?

1. Annexation
2. Constitutional
3. Economy
4. Judicial

Explanation

The major objectives and demands of INC were 1. Administrative 2. Judicial 3. Economic 4. Constitutional

64. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Opportunity for participation in the government was one of the major demands of the Indian National Congress. It demanded Indian representation in the government.
2. High land revenue was one of the major factors that contributed to the oppression of the peasants. It demanded reduction in the land revenue and protection of peasants against exploitation of the zamindars. The Congress also advocated the imposition of heavy tax on the imported goods for the benefit of swadeshi goods
3. Higher officials who had responsibility of administration in India were selected through civil services examinations conducted in India. This meant that educated Indians especially Brahmins can afford to go to London and get the opportunity to get high administrative jobs. Therefore, Indianisation of services through Indian Civil Services Examinations in India was a major demand of the Congress.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Higher officials who had responsibility of administration in India were selected through civil services examinations conducted in Britain. This meant that educated Indians who could not afford to go to London had no opportunity to get high administrative jobs. Therefore, Indianisation of services through simultaneous Indian Civil Services Examinations in England and India was a major demand of the Congress.

65. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Because of the partial treatment against the Indian political activists by English judges it demanded the single form of the Judiciary. The early nationalists in the INC came from all sections of the society. Lawyers, college and university teachers, doctors, journalists and such others represented the Congress.
2. However, they came from different regions of the country and this made INC a truly a national political organisation. These leaders of the INC adopted the constitutional methods of presenting petitions, prayers and memorandums and thereby earned the moniker of “Moderates”. It was also the time some sort of an understanding about colonialism was evolving in India.
3. There was no ready-made anti-colonial understanding available for reference in the late nineteenth century when the INC was formed. It was the early nationalists who helped the formulation of the idea of we as a nation. They were developing the indigenous anti-colonial ideology and a strategy on their own which helped future mass leaders like M. K Gandhi.
4. Only 3
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Because of the partial treatment against the Indian political activists by English judges it demanded the complete separation of the Executive and the Judiciary. The early nationalists in the INC came from the elite sections of the society. Lawyers, college and university teachers, doctors, journalists and such others represented the Congress.

66. Who among the following was the extremists in INC?

1. Bipin Chandra Pal
2. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3. Lala Lajpat Rai
4. Rash Behari Ghosh

Explanation

From the late 1890s there were growing differences within the INC. Leaders like Bipin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai were advocating radical approaches instead of merely writing petitions, prayers and memorandums. These advocates of radical methods came to be called the “extremists” as against those who were identified as moderates.

67. Who raised the clarion call “Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it” in 1897?

1. Bipin Chandra Pal
2. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3. Lala Lajpat Rai
4. Subash Chandra Bose

Explanation

The objective of Extremists became clear in 1897 when Tilak raised the clarion call “Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it”. Bal Gangadhar Tilak and his militant followers were now requesting Swaraj instead of economic or administrative reforms that the moderates were requesting through their petitions and prayers.

68. Which year partition of Bengal took happen?

1. 1885
2. 1905
3. 1948
4. 1939

Explanation

Both moderates and militants, with their own methods, were significant elements of the larger Indian nationalist movement. In fact, they contributed towards the making of the swadeshi movement. The partition of Bengal in 1905, by the colonial government, was vehemently opposed by the Indians.

69. Which movement of 1905 directly opposed the British rule and encouraged the ideas of national enterprise, national education, self-help and use of Indian languages?

1. Home Rule Movement
2. Quit India Movement
3. Salt March
4. Swadeshi Movement

Explanation

The swadeshi movement of 1905, directly opposed the British rule and encouraged the ideas of swadeshi enterprise, national education, self-help and use of Indian languages. The method of mass mobilisation and boycott of British goods and institutions suggested by the radicals was also accepted by the Moderates.

70. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Both the Moderates and the Radicals were of the same view when it came to accepting the fact that they needed to fulfil the role of educators.
2. They tried to instil nationalist consciousness through various means including the press. When the INC was founded in 1805, two-third of the members were journalists. Most stalwarts of the early freedom movement were involved in journalism and Textiles.
3. This is the means that they used to educate the common people about the colonial oppression and spread nationalist ideas. News regarding the initiatives taken by the INC were taken to the masses through these newspapers.
4. Only 1
5. Both 1 and 2
6. Both 1 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

They tried to instil nationalist consciousness through various means including the press. When the INC was founded in 1885, onethird of the members were journalists. Most stalwarts of the early freedom movement were involved in journalism.

71. Who among the following founded and edited two journals called Voice of India and Rast Goftar?

1. Dadabhai Naoroji
2. Surendranath Banerjea
3. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
4. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation

Dadabhai Naoroji founded and edited two journals called Voice of India and RastGoftar.

72. Surendranath Banerjea edited the newspaper called _____

1. Kesari
2. Mahratta
3. Bengalee
4. All the above

Explanation

Surendranath Banerjea edited the newspaper called Bengalee.

73. Which among the following News Paper edited by Bal Gangadhar Tilak?

1. The Pioneer
2. Dainik Bhaskar
3. Mangaluru Samachara
4. Kesari

Explanation

Bal Gangadhar Tilak edited Kesari and Mahratta.

74. Who was a firm believer that the lower middle classes, peasants, artisans and workers could play a very important role in the national movement?

1. Dadabhai Naoroji
2. Surendranath Banerjea
3. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
4. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Explanation

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a firm believer that the lower middle classes, peasants, artisans and workers could play a very important role in the national movement, He used his newspapers to articulate the discontent among this section of the people against the oppressive colonial rule. He called for national resistance against imperial British rule in India.

75. Who is known as the ‘Grand Old Man of Indian Nationalism’, was a prominent early nationalist?

1. Bipin Chandra Pal
2. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3. Lala Lajpat Rai
4. Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation

Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the ‘Grand Old Man of Indian Nationalism’, was a prominent early nationalist.

76. Dadabhai Naoroji was elected to which Municipal Corporation and Town Council during the 1870s?

1. Bombay
2. Calcutta
3. Madras
4. London

Explanation

Dadabhai Naoroji was elected to the Bombay Municipal Corporation and Town Council during the 1870s.

77. Who was arrested and charged under Section 124 A of the Indian Penal Code on 27 July 1897 for using his newspapers to articulate the discontent among the people against the oppressive colonial rule?

1. Bipin Chandra Pal
2. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3. Lala Lajpat Rai
4. Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation

On 27 July 1897, Tilak was arrested and charged under Section 124 A of the Indian Penal Code for using his newspapers to articulate the discontent among the people against the oppressive colonial rule. Civil liberty, particularly in the form of freedom of expression and press became the significant part of Indian freedom struggle.

78. Which among the following was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji after being Elected to the British Parliament in 1892?

1. East India Association
2. British Cooperative Association
3. Swaraj Association
4. British Representative Association

Explanation

Elected to the British Parliament in 1892, he founded the India Society (1865) and the East India Association (1866) in London. He was elected thrice as the President of the INC.

79. Which book of Dadabhai Naoroji was considered as major contribution to the Indian nationalist movement and he put forward the concept of ‘drain of wealth’?

1. A Nation in Making
2. The Orion
3. Poverty and Un-British Rule of the British in India
4. The Discovery of India

Explanation

Dadabhai Naoroji major contribution to the Indian nationalist movement was his book Poverty and Un-British Rule of the British in India (1901). In this book, he put forward the concept of ‘drain of wealth’.

80. Which among the following statement is correct

1. Dadabhai Naoroji stated that in any country the tax raised would have been spent for the wellbeing of the people of that country. But in British India, taxes collected in India were spent for the welfare of England.
2. Naoroji argued that India had exported an average of 10 million pounds worth of goods to Britain each year from 1664 to 1917 with no corresponding return. All these, going in the name of Tax Charges, Naoroji asserted, made up a loss of 7 million pounds a year.
3. The goods were in lieu of payments for profits to Company shareholders living in Britain, guaranteed interest to investors in railways, pensions to retired officials and generals, interest for the money borrowed from England to meet war expenses for the British conquest of territories in India as well as outside India.
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. Both 2 and 3
7. All 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Naoroji argued that India had exported an average of 13 million pounds worth of goods to Britain each year from 1835 to 1872 with no corresponding return. All these, going in the name of Home Charges, Naoroji asserted, made up a loss of 30 million pounds a year.

81. Match the following List I with List II and choose correct answer

List I List II

1. Bal Gangadhar Tilak 1. Voice of India
2. Surendranath Banerjea 2. Kesari
3. Dadabhai Naoroji 3. Minute on Indian Education
4. Macaulay 4. Bengalee
5. 3 – 1 – 2 – 4
6. 4 – 1 – 3 – 2
7. 4 – 2 – 3 – 1
8. 2 – 4 – 1 – 3

Explanation

Dadabhai Naoroji founded and edited two journals called Voice of India and RastGoftar. Surendranath Banerjea edited the newspaper called Bengalee. Bal Gangadhar Tilak edited Kesari and Mahratta. Macaulay wrote his book Minute on Indian Education.