8th Std Science Lesson Wise Questions in English – Part 3
8th Science Lesson 22 Questions in English
22] Conservation Of Plants And Animals
1. According to the scientists there are about____ lakh species on the earth.
a) 70 to 80
b) 70 to 100
c) 100 to 120
d) 120 to 170
Explanation
Our planet earth is filled with so many species of plants and animals. According to the scientists there are about 70 – 100 lakh species on the earth.
2. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Bio means life, diversity means variety or different
2) Forests are abundant with fruit trees and flowers and inhabited by chirping birds, prancing deer and plenty of other animals
3) All through the literature of ages, it has been mentioned that India is full of forests filled with wildlife
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
The sum total of all these animals is called biodiversity. Bio means life, diversity means variety or different. Thus bio-diversity means variety of life forms on the earth and the essential interdependence of all living things. Forests are abundant with fruit trees and flowers and inhabited by chirping birds, prancing deer and plenty of other animals. All through the literature of ages, it has been mentioned that India is full of forests filled with wildlife.
3. Forests cover about____ percent of the world’s land surface
a) 20
b) 45
c) 60
d) 30
Explanation
Forests are the important renewable resources. They cover about 30 percent of the world’s land surface. They produce oxygen and maintain the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
4. Which of the following are provided by forests?
1) Timber
2) Raw material for paper
3) Medicinal plant
4) Protect soil
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 1, 3, 4
c) 2, 3, 4
d) All the above
Explanation
Forests provide many important goods such as timber, paper and medicinal plants. They control water runoff, protect soil, and regulate climate changes. But the forests all around the world are being destroyed.
5. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
1) Destruction of forests in order to make the land available for different uses is known as afforestation
2) Deforestation has resulted in several ecological imbalances such as increase in temperature, deficiency in rainfall etc.
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
Destruction of forests in order to make the land available for different uses is known as deforestation. Deforestation has resulted in several ecological imbalances such as increase in temperature, deficiency in rainfall etc. It has also resulted in the extinction of several species of animals and plants.
6. Which of the following are the causes of Deforestation?
a) Nature
b) Man-made
c) Either a or b
d) None
Explanation
Deforestation may be caused by nature or it may be due to human activities. Fires and floods are the natural causes for deforestation.
7. Which of the following are the Human activities which are responsible for deforestation?
1) Cattle breeding
2) Agricultural expansion
3) Flood
4) Illegal logging
a) 1, 2, 4
b) 2, 3, 4
c) 1, 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
Human activities which are responsible for deforestation include agricultural expansion, cattle breeding, illegal logging, mining, oil extraction, dam construction and infrastructure development.
8. Assertion(A): Large amounts of trees are chopped down for crops and for cattle grazing
Reason(R): With increasing population, there is an overgrowing demand for food production.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
d) (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong
Explanation
With increasing population, there is an overgrowing demand for food production. Hence, large amounts of trees are chopped down for crops and for cattle grazing. More than 40% of the forests are cleaned to obtain land and to meet the needs of agriculture.
9. Which of the following arise due to Urbanization?
1) Construction of roads
2) Mineral exploitation
3) Expansion of industries
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
With the expansion of cities more land is needed to establish housing and settlement. Requirements like construction of roads, development of houses, mineral exploitation and expansion of industries also arise due to urbanisation. Forests are destroyed to meet all these needs.
10. Mining of_____ require a large amount of forest land
a) Gold
b) Coal
c) Diamond
d) All the above
Explanation
Mining of coal, diamond and gold require a large amount of forest land. So, a large number of trees is cut down to clear the forest area. Moreover, the waste that comes out from mining pollutes the environment and affects the nearby plants.
11. Assertion(A): Construction of dam results in clearing more forest area
Reason(R): Construction of dam requires large area
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
d) (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong
Explanation
To provide water supply to the increasing population, large size dams are constructed. Hence, a great-extend of forest area is being cleared.
12. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Wood-based industries like paper, match-sticks, furniture need a substantial amount of wood supply
2) Wood is the most commonly used fuel.
3) Some people are involved in illegal wood cutting and destroys number of trees.
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
We need wood to meet the needs of our daily life. Wood-based industries like paper, match-sticks, furniture need a substantial amount of wood supply. Wood is the most commonly used fuel. Thus, a large number of trees are being cut down for fuel supplies. Some people are involved in illegal wood cutting and destroys number of trees. This is the main reason for the destruction of some valuable plants.
13. The word ‘Chipko’ means_____
a) To stick
b) To hug
c) To strike
d) Either a or b
Explanation
Chipko Movement is primarily a forest conservation movement. The word ‘Chipko’ means ‘to stick’ or ‘to hug’.
14. Who was the founder of Chipko movement?
a) Narendra Modi
b) Abdul Kalam
c) Sunderlal Bahuguna
d) Sarojini Naidu
Explanation
Sunderlal Bahuguna was the founder of Chipko movement. It was started in 1970s with the aim of protecting and conserving trees and preserving forest from being destroyed.
15. Which of the following are the causes of Forest fire?
1) Accidents
2) Humans
3) Natural factors
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
In many forests, fires are usually expected from time to time. They may be caused by humans, accidents or natural factors. Forest fires wipe out thousands of acres of forest land each year all over the world. This has tremendous effects on biodiversity and the economy as well.
16. Match the following
I. Fani 1. 2016
II. Gaja 2. 2019
III. Ockhi 3. 2018
IV. Vardah 4. 2017
a) 1, 2, 4, 3
b) 2, 3, 4, 1
c) 2, 1, 4, 3
d) 1, 3, 4, 2
Explanation
17. In India alone____ hectares of forests are destroyed by deforestation
a) 10 million
b) 10 lakhs
c) 100 million
d) 5 lakhs
Explanation
Every year 1.1 crore hectares of forests has been cut down around the world. In India alone 10 lakh hectares of forests are destroyed which has resulted in so many harmful effects.
18. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) There has been a long history of interdependence between man and the forests
2) Our survival without forest will be very easy
3) But increase in population has resulted in the destruction of forests
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
There has been a long history of interdependence between man and the forests. Our survival without forest will be very difficult. They supply us the oxygen we need, cause rainfall and provide so many things needed for our life. But increase in population has resulted in the destruction of forests.
19. More than____% of the world’s species remain in the tropical rainforest.
a) 50
b) 60
c) 80
d) 90
Explanation
More than 80% of the world’s species remain in the tropical rainforest. Reports say that about 50 – 100 species of animals are being lost each day as a result of destruction of their habitat.
20. Assertion(A): Cutting of trees in forest areas affect the bacteria living in soil
Reason(R): Extreme temperature of the summer dries up the moisture and affect the bacteria in the soil
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
d) (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong
Explanation
Widespread trees in the forests protect the soil from the heat of the sun. When the trees are cut down, soils are exposed to the sun’s heat. Extreme temperature of the summer dries up the moisture and makes the nutrients to evaporate. It also affects the bacteria that helps in the breakdown of organic matter.
21. When trees are cut down the amount of water vapour released__ and hence there is ___in the rainfall
a) Decrease, increase
b) Increase, decrease
c) Increase, Increase
d) Decrease, decrease
Explanation
Trees suck the water from the roots and release the water into the atmosphere in the form of vapour during transpiration. When trees are cut down the amount of water vapour released decreases and hence there is a decrease in the rainfall.
22. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
1) Trees absorb and store a large amount of water with the help of their roots
2) When the trees are cut down, the flow of water is disrupted and it leads to flooding in some areas
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
Trees absorb and store a large amount of water with the help of their roots. When the trees are cut down, the flow of water is disrupted and it leads to flooding in some areas.
23. Amazon forest is located in____
a) Africa
b) Brazil
c) Mexico
d) Egypt
Explanation
Amazon forest is the largest rain forest in the world, located in Brazil. It covers 6000000 square km. It helps to stabilize the earth’s climate and slow global warming by fixing Co2, and producing 20% of the world’s oxygen in the process. It has about 390 billion trees. It is the lungs of the planet.
24. Which of the following does not form the green-house gas?
a) Methane
b) Water vapour
c) Ozone
d) Oxygen
Explanation
Carbon dioxide along with water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone forms the green-house gases. These gases are responsible for global warming.
25. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) We inhale oxygen present in the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide as waste
2) Deforestation reduces the number of trees and hence the amount of carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere.
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
We inhale oxygen present in the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide as waste. In turn trees absorb the carbon dioxide and provide us the oxygen during photosynthesis. Deforestation reduces the number of trees and hence the amount of carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere.
26. Assertion(A): Global warming results in the melting of glaciers in the polar region
Reason(R): Methane and carbon dioxide accumulating in the atmosphere trap the heat energy
inside the atmosphere leading to increase in temperature
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
d) (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong
Explanation
The solar energy falling on the earth’s surface is reflected into the atmosphere. A part of this energy is reflected by the green house gases back to the earth to keep it warm and a part goes into the space. But gases such as methane and carbon dioxide accumulating in the atmosphere trap the heat energy inside the atmosphere leading to increase in temperature. This is called global warming. This results in the melting of glaciers in the polar region and affects the living organisms like polar bear
27. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Indigenous people live in and depend on forests for their survival
2) Destruction of forests affects their livelihood
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
Indigenous people live in and depend on forests for their survival. They get their food and many other resources from the forests. Destruction of forests affects their livelihood.
28. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
1) Afforestation is the process of planting trees, or sowing seeds, in a barren land to create a fores
2) Because of deforestation many cities are facing water scarcity and many of the lands are becoming barren.
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
Afforestation is the process of planting trees, or sowing seeds, in a barren land to create a forest. As we all know due to deforestation the climate is changing alarmingly in these days and there is no seasonal rainfall. Because of this many cities are facing water scarcity and many of the lands are becoming barren.
29. The term social forestry was first used in_____
a) 1996
b) 2002
c) 1976
d) 1980
Explanation
The term social forestry was first used in 1976 by the then National Commission on Agriculture, Government of India. It means the management and protection of forests and afforestation on barren land with the purpose of helping the environment, social and rural development.
30. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Afforestation helps the wild animals and even humans to have shelter and to find their food source.
2) By planting trees, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be reduced
3) Afforestation enables us to avoid desertification of land
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
Importance of afforestation is given below:
· Afforestation helps the wild animals and even humans to have shelter and to find their food source.
· Through afforestation we can increase the supply of oxygen. Trees planted can increase the water vapour in the atmosphere to get the rainfall
· By planting trees, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be reduced and thus the effects of air pollution, green-house gases and global warming can be controlled.
· Afforestation enables us to avoid desertification of land
31. When did Wangari Maathai received Nobel peace prize?
a) 2004
b) 2001
c) 2009
d) 1999
Explanation
Wangari Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement in Kenya in the year 1977. GBM has planted over 51 million trees in Kenya. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 2004.
32. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Reforestation is the natural or intentional replanting of the existing forests that have been destroyed through deforestation
2) Reforestation and afforestation are same
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
Reforestation is the natural or intentional replanting of the existing forests that have been destroyed through deforestation. Reforestation may sound similar to afforestation but both of them are not same.
33. Assertion(A): Reforestation may sound similar to afforestation but both of them are not same
Reason(R): Reforestation is replanting of trees in a land area which had lost its forest cover for
some reason.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
d) (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong
Explanation
Reforestation may sound similar to afforestation but both of them are not same. Reforestation is replanting of trees in a land area which had lost its forest cover for some reason. But afforestation is growing forest in an area which originally had no tree cover. Reforestation is an effective strategy to fight global warming.
34. Which of the following are the Importance of reforestation?
1) Reforestation improves the quality of air we breathe by reducing carbon dioxide in it.
2) The effects of deforestation can be checked and global warming can be reduced.
3) Transpiration of trees helps to restore the moisture of the atmosphere and to maintain the temperature in the local environment.
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
Importance of reforestation is given below:
· Reforestation improves the quality of air we breathe by reducing carbon dioxide in it.
· The effects of deforestation can be checked and global warming can be reduced.
· Reforestation restores habitat loss and degradation and threats to species.
· Forest restoration can reverse the damage done by soil erosion. Reforestation will revive the watersheds which are important aspects of environmental well-being.
· Reforestation maintains the water cycle of the area as trees absorb moisture through the leaves and roots.
· Transpiration of trees helps to restore the moisture of the atmosphere and to maintain the temperature in the local environment.
35. Which of the following statement is inc1orrect?
1) Deforestation has a negative effect on the environment
2) Reforestation has a very good effect on the nature, as it builds the environment.
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
Deforestation: When the plants or trees are cut down, it is called deforestation. Deforestation has a negative effect on the environment.
Reforestation: When the plants or trees are grown or planted, it is called reforestation. Reforestation has a very good effect on the nature, as it builds the environment.
36. Which of the following statement about Reafforestation is correct?
1) It is practiced in areas where forests have been destroyed.
2) Three saplings are planted to replace every felled tree
3) It is practiced to avoid deforestation.
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
37. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Flora is the animal life occurring in a particular area
2) Fauna is the plant life occurring in a particular area
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
Our country is a home for variety of species and rich flora and fauna. Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular area. Fauna is the animal life occurring in a particular area.
38. _____ is celebrated as World Biodiversity Day
a) May 2
b) May 1
c) May 22
d) May 21
Explanation
Each year, 22nd May is celebrated as World Biodiversity Day. Biodiversity is a term used to describe the different plants, animals, marine life, microorganisms, insects, habitats, ecosystem etc. that make our planet so unique and so fascinating.
39. Match the following
I. World Forest Day 1. September 16
II. World Water Day 2. March 21
III. Environmental Day 3. March 22
IV. Ozone Day 4. June 5
a) 1, 2, 4, 3
b) 2, 1, 3, 4
c) 2, 3, 4, 1
d) 3, 1, 2, 4
Explanation
40. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
1) The Royal Bengal Tigers, the Asiatic Cheetah and several other birds are found in India.
2) Environmental pollution, deforestation, loss of habitat, human interference, poaching and hunting many animals in India are extinct and many are endangered
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
The Royal Bengal Tigers, the Asiatic Cheetah and several other birds are found in India. But due to various reasons like environmental pollution, deforestation, loss of habitat, human interference, poaching and hunting many animals in India are extinct and many are endangered.
41. Which of the following is not a extinct species?
a) Falcon
b) Dinosaurs
c) Dodo
d) None
Explanation
Species which no longer exist on earth are called extinct species. e.g. Dinosaurs, Dodo. Falcon is bird which is getting rare nowadays.
42. How many species in India are critically endangered?
a) 100
b) 132
c) 180
d) 18
Explanation
An endangered species is an animal or a plant that is considered to be at the risk of extinction. It means that there are only few of them left on the earth and soon they might extinct. It is reported that nearly 132 species of plants and animals are critically endangered in India
43. Which of the following is not an endangered species in India?
a) Asiatic lion
b) Snow leopard
c) Bengal tiger
d) Crow
Explanation
Snow leopard, Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, Purple frog and Indian giant squirrel are some of the endangered animals in India.
44. Which of the following are disappearing with destruction of forest?
a) Algae
b) Fungi
c) Ferns
d) All the above
Explanation
Many algae, fungi, bryophytes, ferns and gymnosperms are disappearing with the destruction of forests. And, each disappearing species may take away with it many species of animals and microbes which depend on them for food and shelter.
45. _____ is one insect which has almost disappeared from India
a) Spider
b) Ant
c) Locust
d) All the above
Explanation
Prawns, oysters, lobsters, crabs, squid, octopus, cuttlefish, beetles, dragonfly, grasshoppers, fish and even frogs are dying of absorbing poisonous gases through their skin. Locust is one insect which has almost disappeared from India
46. Match the following
I. Reptiles 1. Hawk
II. Birds 2. Gharials
III. Mammals 3. Blue whale
a) 2, 1, 3
b) 1, 3, 2
c) 2, 3, 1
d) 1, 2, 3
Explanation
· Reptiles: Some lizards, turtles, crocodiles and gharials.
· Birds: Falcon, eagle, hawk, vulture, peacock-peahen, pigeon, duck.
· Mammals: Wild cats such as tigers, lions, deer such as chinkara and blackbuck, chiru (Tibetan goat), musk deer, rhino, elephants, blue whale, flying squirrel.
47. Which of the following is not an endangered plant?
a) Umbrella tree
b) Magnifera Indica
c) Rafflesia flower
d) Indian mallo
Explanation
48. When the population of Individual species is less than___ is listed as endangered
a) 40
b) 50
c) 80
d) 100
Explanation
Whether a particular species is endangered or not is determined by the following ways:
· When the geographical range of the species is limited.
· The population of the species is limited i.e., less than 50 adult individuals.
· When the population has decreased or will decrease by more than 80% in 10 years.
· If the population is less than 250 individuals and is continuously declining at 25% for the past three years.
· There is a high possibility of extinction in the wild.
49. _____ has been declared state butterfly of Tamil Nadu.
a) Papilionidae
b) Yeoman Butterfly
c) Riodinidae
d) Pieridae
Explanation
Yeoman Butterfly has been declared state butterfly of Tamil Nadu. This species is endemic to Western Ghats. It is among 32 butterfly species found in Western Ghats.
50. Which of the following are the Causes for Endangerment?
1) Loss of habitat
2) Over hunting and poaching
3) Pollution
4) New habitat
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 1, 3, 4
c) 2, 3, 4
d) All the above
Explanation
Causes for Endangerment:
· Loss of habitat: Trees that provide food and shelter to so many species are destroyed due to human intervention
· Over hunting and poaching: Large number of animals is hunted for their horns, skin, teeth and many other valuable products.
· Pollution: Number of animals are affected by pollutions like air pollution and water pollution. In the recent years more number of animals is affected by wastes in the form of plastic.
· New habitat: Sometimes animals are taken by people to new habitat where they do not naturally live. Some of them may extinct and some may survive. Th e new ones may also get attacked by the species already living there and cause their extinction.
51. What may be the reason for disappearance of Dinosaur, ferns and some gymnosperm?
a) Shortage of space
b) Shortage of food
c) Climate change
d) All the above
Explanation
At one time Dinosaur, ferns and some gymnosperms were wide spread on the earth. They disappeared from the earth, may be due to shortage of space and food or due to climatic change.
52. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Nature is beautiful and it is filled with different plants and animals
2) They have medicinal, scientific, ecological and commercial value
3) Each organism on the earth has a unique place in food chain that contributes to the ecosystem.
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
Nature is beautiful and it is filled with different plants and animals. For maintaining healthy ecological balance on the earth, animal and plant species are important. They have medicinal, scientific, ecological and commercial value. Each organism on the earth has a unique place in food chain that contributes to the ecosystem.
53.Which of the following statement is correct?
1) If it is controlled there can be a significant change in the number of endangered animals
2) Controlling pollution can have a positive impact on animals, fi sh and birds all over the world
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
Some of the animal species are endangered mainly because of hunting and poaching. If it is controlled there can be a significant change in the number of endangered animals. Controlling pollution can have a positive impact on animals, fish and birds all over the world.
54. Assertion(A): Limiting the amount of plastic and recycling it can save the endangered animals
Reason(R): Animals often mistake plastic for food and hence plastics harm
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) does not explain (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
d) (A) is Correct and (R) is wrong
Explanation
When we consume more, more pollutants are put into the environment. By consuming less, we can protect the ecosystems. Animals often mistake plastic for food and hence plastics harm and cause endangerment of many species. Limiting the amount of plastic and recycling it can save the endangered animals.
55. Planting which trees around our surrounding will be helpful for animals?
1) Shrub
2) Neem
3) Umbrella
4) Banyan
a) 1, 3, 4
b) 2, 3, 4
c) 1, 2, 4
d) All the above
Explanation
Planting the native trees like Neem tree, Umbrella tree and Banyan tree in our surrounding will be helpful for the animals. Many birds and animals find shelter in those trees.
56. Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation project initiated in India in______
a) 1972
b) 1997
c) 1992
d) 1983
Explanation
In order to preserve the plants and animals, government has taken lot of initiatives and some acts have been passed to protect them. For example, Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation project initiated in India in 1972 to protect the Bengal Tiger. It was launched on 1st April 1973 and has become one of the most successful wildlife conservation ventures.
57. _____ was the first National Park in India to be covered under project Tiger
a) Gir National park
b) Kanha national park
c) Sundarbans national park
d) Corbett National park
Explanation
Corbett National Park was the first National Park in India to be covered under project Tiger. Due to ‘Project Tiger’ the population of Tiger has increased in India from 1400 in 2006 to 2967 in 2018.
58. Match the following
I. Madras Wildlife Act 1. 1912
II. All India Elephant Preservation Act 2. 1873
III. The Wild Bird and Animal Protection Act 3. 1879
IV. Environmental Protection Act 4. 1986
a) 1, 3, 4, 2
b) 4, 1, 2, 3
c) 2, 3, 1, 4
d) 4, 2, 1, 3
Explanation
The government has enacted the following Acts
1. Madras Wildlife Act, 1873. 2. All India Elephant Preservation Act, 1879. 3. The Wild Bird and Animal Protection Act, 1912. 4. Bengal Rhinoceros Preservation Act, 1932. 5. All India Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. 6. Environmental Protection Act, 1986.
59. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
1) The Red Data Book is the file for recording rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi
2) Red data book gives important data for observational studies and monitoring programmes on habits and habitats of rare and endangered species.
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
The Red Data Book is the file for recording rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi. Even some local sub-species that exist within the territory of a state or country are recorded in red data books. Red data book gives important data for observational studies and monitoring programmes on habits and habitats of rare and endangered species.
60. Red Data Book is maintained by_____
a) UNCP
b) UNDP
c) IUCN
d) WHO
Explanation
Red Data Book is maintained by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
61. When was Red data book founded?
a) 1994
b) 1964
c) 1984
d) 2001
Explanation
Red Data Book was founded in 1964 with the aim of maintaining a complete record of every species that ever lived.
62. The Red Data Book classifies species mainly into____ categories
a) 4
b) 2
c) 3
d) 5
Explanation
The Red Data Book classifies species mainly into three categories namely, threatened, not threatened and unknown. This Book also has information as to why a species has become extinct along with the population trends and its distribution.
63. What colour code is used for species which are extinct?
a) Red
b) Black
c) Blue
d) Green
Explanation
The Red Data Book contains colour-coded information sheets like black for species which are extinct, red for species that are endangered and so on. They are arranged according to the extinction risk of many species and subspecies.
64. Which of the following are advantages of red data book?
1) It helps to evaluate the population of a particular species
2) It provides guidelines for implementing protective measures for endangered species.
3) The risk of a species becoming globally extinct can be estimated with the help of this book.
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
Advantages of the Red Data Book:
· It helps to evaluate the population of a particular species.
· The data given in this book can be used to evaluate the species at the global level.
· The risk of a species becoming globally extinct can be estimated with the help of this book.
· It provides guidelines for implementing protective measures for endangered species.
65. World Wildlife Day is observed on____
a) May 2
b) March 3
c) April 2
d) May 21
Explanation
World Wildlife Day is observed on March 3rd every year. Red Data Book is maintained by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
66. India accounts for ____% of all recorded species
a) 5 – 10
b) 7 – 8
c) 3 – 4
d) 50 – 60
Explanation
India, a mega-diverse country with only 2.4% of the world’s land area, accounts for 7-8% of all recorded species, including over 45,000 species of plants and 91,000 species of animals.
67. Which of the following ecosystems are found in India?
1) Grassland
2) Desert
3) Marine
4) Forest
a) 1, 2, 4
b) 1, 3, 4
c) 2, 3, 4
d) All the above
Explanation
The country’s diverse physical features and climatic conditions have resulted in a variety of ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, grasslands, deserts, coastal and marine ecosystems which harbour and sustain high biodiversity and contribute to human well-being.
68. How many globally identified biodiversity hotspot are there in India?
a) 10
b) 4
c) 6
d) 12
Explanation
Four out of 34 globally identified biodiversity hotspots, the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the North-East, and the Nicobar Islands, can be found in India.
69. When did India became a State Member of IUCN?
a) 1990
b) 1982
c) 1969
d) 1999
Explanation
India became a State Member of IUCN in 1969, through the Ministry of environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). Surveys conducted by the Zoological Survey of India and the Botanical Survey of India under the guidance of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change provide the data for this book.
70. The IUCN India Country Office was established in_____
a) Kolkata
b) Dehradun
c) New Delhi
d) Chennai
Explanation
The IUCN India Country Office was established in 2007 in New Delhi. Red Data Book of India contains the conservation status of animals and plants which are found in the Indian subcontinent.
71. According to WWF, what was the decrease in % of animals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians
over the past 40 years?
a) 40
b) 60
c) 70
d) 30
Explanation
According to WWF (World Wildlife Fund) there has been 60% decrease in the size of population of animals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians over the past 40 years. In order to leave something for the future generation, we need to conserve it now.
72. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Conservation is the protection, preservation, management of wildlife and natural resource such as forest and water.
2) Conservation of biodiversity helps us-to protect, maintain and recover endangered animals and plant species
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
Conservation is the protection, preservation, management of wildlife and natural resource such as forest and water. Conservation of biodiversity helps us to protect, maintain and recover endangered animals and plant species.
73. Conservation is of ____types
a) 2
b) 5
c) 3
d) 4
Explanation
Conservation is of two types. They are:
· In-situ conservation (within habitat)
· Ex-situ conservation (outside the habitat)
74. In-situ conservation takes place in____
1) National parks
2) Wildlife sanctuaries
3) Biosphere reserve
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
In-situ conservation is achieved by protection of natural habitat and maintenance of endangered species in certain protected areas such as national parks, wildlife or bird sanctuaries and biosphere reserves.
75. In India how many National parks are there?
a) 416
b) 73
c) 12
d) 112
Explanation
In-situ conservation is nothing but conservation of living resources within the natural ecosystem in which they occur. In India, there are about 73 national parks, 416 sanctuaries and 12 biosphere reserves.
76. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) A National park is an area which is strictly reserved for the betterment of the wildlife.
2) Here, activities like forestry, grazing or cultivation are permitted.
3) The national parks cover an area of 100 – 500 square Kilometre
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
A National park is an area which is strictly reserved for the betterment of the wildlife. Here, activities like forestry, grazing or cultivation are not permitted. The national parks cover an area of 100 – 500 square kilometres. In these parks a single plant or animal species are preserved.
77. Match the following
I. Jim Corbett National Park 1. West Bengal
II. Dudhwa National Park 2. Uttarakhand
III. Kanha National Park 3. Uttar Pradesh
IV. Sundarbans National Park 4. Madhya Pradesh
a) 1, 3, 4, 2
b) 2, 3, 1, 4
c) 2, 3, 4, 1
d) 4, 1, 2, 3
Explanation
78. Match the following
I. Guindy National Park 1. Ramanathapuram
II. Indira Gandhi National Park 2. Chennai
III. Mudumalai National Park 3. Coimbatore
IV. Gulf of Mannar National Park 4. The Nilgiris
a) 1, 3, 2, 4
b) 2, 1, 4, 3
c) 2, 3, 4, 1
d) 3, 1, 2, 4
Explanation
79. Which of the following statement about Wildlife sanctuaries is correct?
1) A sanctuary is a protected area which is reserved for the conservation of animals only.
2) Controlled interference like tourist activity is also allowed
3) Human activities like harvesting of timber, collection of forest products and private ownership rights are not allowed here.
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
A sanctuary is a protected area which is reserved for the conservation of animals only. Human activities like harvesting of timber, collection of forest products and private ownership rights are allowed here. Controlled interference like tourist activity is also allowed.
80. Which of the following statement about Wildlife sanctuary is correct?
1) There are fixed boundaries.
2) Sanctuaries are usually formed by the order of Central or the State Government
3) A sanctuary can be upgraded to a national park
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
Wildlife Sanctuary:
· Human activities are allowed.
· Main aim is to protect a particular flora or fauna.
· There are no fixed boundaries.
· It is open to the general public
· Sanctuaries are usually formed by the order of Central or the State Government
· A sanctuary can be upgraded to a national park
81. Which of the following statement about National park is correct?
1) No human activities are allowed.
2) National Parks are formed by the Central Legislature only
3) A national park cannot be downgraded to a sanctuary
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
National Parks:
· No human activities are allowed
· Can include flora, fauna or any other objects of historical significance.
· Boundaries are fixed and defined
· Not usually open to the public
· National Parks are formed by the State or Central Legislature.
· A national park cannot be downgraded to a sanctuary
82. Match the following:
I. Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary 1. Kanchipuram
II. Vandaloor Wildlife Sanctuary 2. Chennai
III. Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary 3. Theni
IV. Vedanthangal Wildlife Sanctuary 4. Thirunelveli
a) 2, 1, 3, 4
b) 1, 3, 4, 2
c) 3, 2, 4, 1
d) 3, 1, 2, 4
Explanation
83. Which of the following statement about Biosphere is correct?
1) Biosphere is a protected area where human population also forms the part of the system
2) They conserve the eco system, species and genetic resources
3) The area of these places will be around 5000 square kilometres
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
Biosphere is a protected area where human population also forms the part of the system. The area of these places will be around 5000 square kilometres. They conserve the eco system, species and genetic resources. These areas are set up mainly for economic development.
84. Match the following
I. Nanda Devi 1. Orissa
II. Manas 2. U.P
III. Nokrek 3. Meghalaya
IV. Great Nicobars and Similipal 4. Assam
a) 1, 2, 4, 3
b) 2, 4, 3, 1
c) 2, 1, 3, 4
d) 3, 2, 1, 4
Explanation
85. Which of the following are the advantages of In – Situ conservation?
1) Species can be adapted to their habitat
2) Natural habitat is maintained.
3) Interests of indigenous people are protected
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
Advantages of In-situ conservation:
· Species can be adapted to their habitat.
· Species can interact with each other.
· Natural habitat is maintained.
· It is less expensive and easy to manage.
· Interests of indigenous people are protected
86. Which of the following are included in Ex-situ Conservation?
1) Zoo
2) Botanical gardens
3) Seedling
4) Tissue culture
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3, 4
c) 2, 3, 4
d) All the above
Explanation
Ex-situ Conservation is the conservation of wildlife outside their habitat. Establishing zoos and botanical gardens, conservation of genes, seedling and tissue culture are some of the strategies followed in this method.
87. How many Zoological parks are there in India?
a) 700
b) 800
c) 900
d) 400
Explanation
Zoological parks are the areas where wild animals are conserved. In India there are about 800 zoological parks.
88. The oldest zoo is Schoenbrunn Zoo is located in____
a) Athens
b) Vienna
c) Paris
d) Calcutta
Explanation
The oldest zoo is Schoenbrunn Zoo in Vienna, established in the year 1759. In India the first Zoo was established in Barrachpur in the year 1800.
89. The largest seed bank in the world is the Millennium Seed Bank in_____
a) India
b) US
c) England
d) Japan
Explanation
The seed bank preserves dried seeds by storing them in a very low temperature. The largest seed bank in the world is the Millennium Seed Bank in England.
90. Which of the following is used in Cryo bank for preservation?
a) Liquid Hydrogen
b) Liquid Helium
c) Liquid Nitrogen
d) Liquid Oxygen
Explanation
Cryo Bank is a technique by which a seed or embryo is preserved at a very low temperature. It is usually preserved in liquid nitrogen at –1960 C. This is helpful for the conservation of species facing extinction.
91. Biological Diversity Act was passed in___
a) 2000
b) 2002
c) 1998
d) 1988
Explanation
A Biodiversity Management Committee is set up in each local body according to the provisions of Biological Diversity Act, 2002. This committee prepares the People’s Biodiversity Registers with the guidance and technical support of National Biodiversity Authority and the State Biodiversity Boards.
92. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Biomagnification is the increase in contaminated substances due to the intoxicating environment.
2) The contaminants might be heavy metals such as mercury, arsenic, and pesticides such as polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloro ethane).
a) 1 alone
b) 2 alone
c) 1, 2
d) None
Explanation
Biomagnification is the increase in contaminated substances due to the intoxicating environment. The contaminants might be heavy metals such as mercury, arsenic and pesticides such as polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloro ethane). These substances are taken up by the organisms through the food they consume. When the organisms in the higher food chain feed on the organisms in the lower food chain containing these toxins, these toxins get accumulated in the higher organisms.
93. Which of the following are the causes of Bio-magnification?
a) Agricultural pesticide
b) Mining activities
c) Fungicides
d) All the above
Explanation
Causes of Bio-magnification:
· The agricultural pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers and fungicides are very toxic and are released into the soil, rivers, lakes, and seas.
· Organic contaminants cause adverse impact on the health of humans, animals, and wildlife
· Mining activities generate a large amount of sulphide and selenium deposits in water.
94. When was Blue Cross organisation founded?
a) 1997
b) 1987
c) 1892
d) 1897
Explanation
Blue Cross is a registered animal welfare charity in the United Kingdom, founded in 1897 as ‘Our Dumb Friends League’. The vision of this charity is that every pet will enjoy a healthy life in a happy home.
95. Blue Cross organisation was founded to care for____
a) Horses
b) Cats
c) Dog
d) All the above
Explanation
Blue Cross organisation was founded to care for working horses on the streets of London, UK. It opened its first animal hospital, in Victoria, London, on 15 May 1906.
96. Who founded the Blue Cross of India?
a) General Kariappa
b) Captain V. Sundaram
c) Jawaharlal Nehru
d) Rajendra Prasad
Explanation
Captain V. Sundaram founded the Blue Cross of India, the largest animal welfare organization of Asia in Chennai in the year 1959. He was an Indian pilot and animal welfare activist. Now, Blue Cross of India is country’s largest animal welfare organizations and it runs several animal welfare events like pet adaptation and animal right awareness.
97. Blue Cross of India main office is located in____
a) Kolkata
b) Mumbai
c) Chennai
d) Pune
Explanation
Blue Cross of India has received several international and national awards. This organization is entirely looked after by volunteers. The main office is located at Guindy, Chennai, with all amenities like hospitals, shelters, ambulance services and animal birth controls, etc.
98. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) CPCSEA stands for ‘The Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals’.
2) It is a statutory committee set up under the Preservation of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1950
3) It has been functioning since 1991 to ensure that animals are not subjected to unnecessary suffering during experiments on them
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 3
c) 2, 3
d) All the above
Explanation
CPCSEA stands for ‘The Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals’. It is a statutory committee set up under the Preservation of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. It has been functioning since 1991 to ensure that animals are not subjected to unnecessary suffering during experiments on them.