Basic Concepts of Political Science Part – II 11th Political Science Lesson 4 Questions in English
11th Political Science Lesson 4 Questions in English
4] Basic Concepts of Political Science Part – II
1. Who stated Law is a command of Sovereign?
a) Holland c) Aristotle
b) Woodrow Wilson d) Bodin
Explanation
Law is the prescription of rules and regulations sanctioned by the sovereignty for the state. Law as; Bodin said is the command of the sovereign.
2. Assertion (A): Law has enormous and limitless power to maintain an order in the society.
Reasoning (R): Law is an integral part of system in all over the world.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
In order to preserve society and protect the progressive nation, law has become an integral part of the system world over. The enormous power of law could not be a complete solution to maintain an order in the society due to the limitations it is framed with.
3. Which of this system is responsible to enforce law?
a) Constitution c) Society
b) Legislation d) State
Explanation
Law is a body of rule which is enforceable by the State. The aim is to attain justice in society.
4. From which of this word the term Law was derived?
a) Uniform c) Even
b) Lag d) Legal
Explanation
The term ‘Law’ was derived from an old Teutonic root ‘lag’ “which means something which lies fixed or evenly. The word law is used to denote ‘uniform’.
5. How many types of law is categorized based on their application?
a) 2 c) 4
b) 3 d) 5
Explanation
There are two kinds of laws. They are: physical and human law. Physical law regulates nature where as human law regulates human life.
6. Assertion (A): The Government of a state interprets the law.
Reasoning (R): Law is the body of rules to guide the action of Human.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is True but R is False.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Law in political science is used to mean body of rules to guide human action. The function of state is done through government and the government in turn interprets the will of the state through law.
7. State the definition of Law according to Holland.
a) Law is the collection of rules which the state recognizes.
b) A law does not become a law until and unless it is backed by the state.
c) Law is rule of external human action enforced by a sovereign political authority.
d) Law is the expression of the judgments of value.
Explanation
“A law is of general rule of external human action enforced by a sovereign political authority.” Said Holland.
8. Who stated that the force of the state makes law?
a) Holland c) Hocking
b) Woodrow Wilson d) John Austin
Explanation
The term ‘Law’ is considered as a body of rules to govern human action and as well to regulate human life by the discipline Political Science. ‘It is not the issuing of law that makes the state, it is the force of the state that makes law” believe Hocking.
9. Which is not a purpose of Law?
a) Protect basic human rights. c) Formation of the state Government.
b) Resolve conflicts d) Represent the will of the majority.
Explanation
Protect basic human rights, Promote fairness, Help resolve conflicts Promote justice, Promote order and stability, Promote desirable social and economic behavior, Represent the will of the majority(on some issues)and Protecting the rights of minorities.
10. Which is not a private law in India?
a) Contract Law c) Corporations Law
b) Criminal Law d) Commercial Law
Explanation
The relationship of citizens and the regulation of relations among one another are determined by private laws. Private law includes civil law such as contract law, law of torts and property law, labor law, commercial law, corporation’s law and competition law. Public law includes constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law.
11. Choose the correct statements.
i) Satuatory law is the formal body of written legislation.
ii) Common law allows the judges to deal the cases based on prior situations.
a) i only c) Both i and ii
b) ii only d) Neither i nor ii
Explanation
Statutory law is a more formal body of the legal system that consists of written legislation. Common law, on the other hand, will allow judges to decide cases based on the rulings of prior cases with similar circumstances.
12. Which of this law regulate the functions of the Government?
a) Constitutional Law c) Public Law
b) Administrative Law d) Procedural Law
Explanation
Constitutional laws are the basic laws according to which the government in a state conducts itself. The laws that define interpret and regulate the functions of the government are known as constitutional laws.
13. Which of the Article of Indian Constitution prohibits the State to make law against the Fundamental Rights?
a) Article 13 c) Article 17
b) Article 11 d) Article 44
Explanation
The Article 13 declares that laws before the commencement of the Constitution of India, 1950 that are inconsistent with the Part III Fundamental Rights section of the Constitution as void. Also, Article 13 instructs the State to not make any law that violates the provisions under Part III.
14. Choose the correct statements regarding the Ordinances.
i) Ordinances are issued by the government as per the law of state.
ii) Ordinances are permanent from the day of commencement.
iii) The Legislative assembly issues the Ordinances in India.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
Ordinances are generally issued by the executive branch of the government as per the law of the state. Ordinances are temporary by nature and are issued by the president in the absence of parliament especially to face the emergency.
15. What is the significance of the Article 123 of the Indian Constitution?
a) Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court.
b) Empowers President of India to promulgate Ordinances.
c) President power to grant pardons.
d) The appointment of judges to the Supreme Court of India.
Explanation
The President of India has been empowered to promulgate Ordinances based on the advice of the central government under Article 123 of the Constitution. This legislative power is available to the President only when either of the two Houses of Parliament is not in session to enact laws.
16. Which of these Countries follow the Common law as its Legal system?
a) Russia c) Germany
b) United Kingdom d) China
Explanation
Common laws are those laws which rest on customs but are enforced by the courts like statute law. Common laws are popular in England. The legal system of England and Wales is a common law one, so the decisions of the senior appellate courts become part of the law.
17. Assertion (A): Administrative Law enables the Public to separate law and procedures from the Public officers.
Reasoning (R): The responsibilities of the Government servants are interpreted by the Administrative Law.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
The office and responsibilities of government servants are interpreted and governed by Administrative law. It is the Administrative law that enables the public officers to separate law and procedure from private individuals. These laws also make an attempt to interpret the privileges of government officials.
18. Which of these Countries does not encourage the Administrative Laws?
a) France c) Belgium
b) Italy d) USA
Explanation
Administrative laws are not popular in England, U.S.A. and India. They are popular in France and a few countries of Europe. For example when any dispute arises between a citizen and government servant the administrative court resolves the issue with administrative laws.
19. Which are the sources of the International Laws?
a) Treaty c) General principles of Law
b) International customs d) All the above
Explanation
The rule that determine the conduct of the civilized states in their relation with other states in international arena is otherwise called International law. There are no such framed laws that govern international relations but backed by public opinion and the rule of UNO as an international body matters for any nation to enjoy its sovereign status. Sources of international law include treaties, international customs, general widely recognized principles of law, the decisions of national and lower courts, and scholarly writings
20. Who is the father of international law?
a) Hugo Grotius c) John Austin
b) Jeremy Bentham d) MacIver
Explanation
Hugo Grotius is popularly known as Father of International Law. Dutch jurist and diplomat whose writings established the basis of modern international law (1583-1645)
21. Assertion (A): The Customs and traditions were also used to frame the law of the state.
Reasoning (R): In ancient times the Tribal head resolved the disputes among them using their customs and traditions.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Customs play an important role in the framing of the laws. Most of the laws that came from customs are recognized by state later. Since ancient period we can notice that the dispute among tribal were resolved by the head of the Tribes using their customs and traditions. Customs became laws when tribes extended into the formation of state.
22. Under which of these Articles of the Indian constitution Jallikattu was formalized?
a) Article 14 c) Article 16
b) Article 29 d) Article 21
Explanation
As per the constitution of India Article 29(1) is a fundamental right guaranteed under part III which protects the educational and cultural rights. The 2014 judgment of the Supreme Court asserts that animals as sentient beings have the fundamental right to life under Art 21 of the constitution. These contradictions have made several interpretations in formalizing the Jallikattu sport.
23. Which of these are considered as Law of God?
a) Manu Codes c) Ten Commandments
b) Shariat Law d) All the above
Explanation
The origin of Hindu law can be traced in the code of Manu. The origin of Mohammedian law can be traced in Shariat law. Divine law is a law revealed through man from God. God is the ultimate source of divine law. For Christians Ten Commandments were the first law given by the Lord Almighty to his people and was considered as the basis of law.
24. Choose the Incorrect statements.
i) The Judiciary does not have power to create new laws.
ii) The Judiciary laws are declared after the recognition of the State Government.
iii) The Supreme Court and High Court verdicts are treated as laws.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
The function of the Judiciary is to interpret and declare the law. While discharging its function the judiciary creates new laws. The laws later get recognized by the state. Judicial decisions thus became a source of law. Sometime the verdict of high court and Supreme Court are treated as laws.
25. Which of these are enforced only by the Court of Chancery in English Law?
a) Ordinances c) Bill of Rights
b) Equity d) All the above
Explanation
Equity has been described as “a gloss (meaning a supplement) on the common law, filling in the graps and making the English legal system more complete. In English Law, equity means that body of rules originally enforced only by the court of chancery.
26. Which of these are not the salient features of the Indian Constitution?
a) Longest written Constitution c) Various Borrowed features
b) Directive Principles of State Policy d) Rigidity
Explanation
Most of the laws in the modern times are framed by legislature and it is one of the most important source of law. Indian constitution is a classic example where the best provisions of other constitutions are borrowed and made it available for the best of our nation.
27. Who stated that state is founded on the minds of its citizens?
a) Gilchrist c) Krabbe
b) Aristotle d) Holland
Explanation
The state is founded on the minds of its citizens, who are moral agents a bad people means a bad state and a bad laws.” – Gilchrist
28. Which of these features of Indian Constitution are not referred with the Government of India Act 1935?
a) Emergency Provisions c) Fundamental Rights
b) Federal Scheme d) Public Service Commissions
Explanation
The federal scheme, Office of the Governor, Role of federal judiciary, Emergency provisions are borrowed from the Government of India Act 1935.
29. From which of this country India borrowed the Single Citizenship?
a) Canada c) Ireland
b) USA d) UK
Explanation
UK Constitution Law making procedures in Indian Constitution, Parliamentary Government, Rule of Law, Single citizenship, Bicameral Government.
30. Choose the correct statements.
i) The Laws framed by the State aims to achieve the citizens’ code of conduct.
ii) Morality is concerned with the legal duties.
a) i only c) Both i and ii
b) ii only d) Neither i nor ii
Explanation
Law and morality are complimentary to each other. Ethics reveals its citizens the code of conduct. Similarly the laws framed by state also aim to achieve the same goal. The sole aim of the state lies in the promotion of the welfare of the people. As there is a close affinity between law and morality, there also exist a good relationship between law and state. Morality is concerned with the moral duties whereas the laws of the state are concerned with the legal duties
31. Assertion(A): Law is concerned with the external affairs of the Human beings.
Reasoning (R): Morality is concerned with the internal affairs of a man.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is True but R is False.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Laws are enforced by the state, if not obeyed to the commands of law he is likely to be punished by the state. Morality is concerned with both internal and external affairs of man whereas law is concerned only with the external affairs of man. Hence law punishes only those persons who violate laws by their external actions. Law punishes a person only when he commits a theft or dacoit or murder or any other physical crime.
32. Who claimed that the immoral practices are legal if it benefits the State?
a) Aristotle c) Woodrow Wilson
b) Machiavelli d) MacIver
Explanation
Law cannot punish a person for telling a lie or for abusing someone. Telling lies, condemning someone and being ungrateful and many other actions of man are sins but they are not crimes. Machiavelli maintained that even the immoral practices are legal, if they are applied for the benefit of the state.
33. Assertion (A): The laws based on the morality are temporary.
Reasoning (R): Eliminating wine drinking and gambling are some of the examples of Moral laws.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
A law framed with a purpose of eliminating evils such as drinking of wine, gambling, theft, dacoit and murder are moral laws. The laws which are based on morality remain permanent.
34. Assertion (A): The Elected representatives of the people execute the will of the electorate.
Reasoning (R): People are not directly involved in framing the laws.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is True but R is False.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
People are not directly involved in the framing of laws, yet they could elect their representatives to legislature. People elect their representatives to execute the will of the electorate. The elected body is just expected to represent the will of the public.
35. Which of these is the foundation of the Modern state ideology?
a) Religion c) Natural law
b) Morality d) All the above
Explanation
The Modern state appeals to morality to religion, and to natural law as the ideological foundation of its existence. At the same time it is prepared to infringe any or all of these in the interest of self-preservation. J.M. Coetzee
36. Which are the primary considerations of the public opinion in democracy?
a) Social progress c) Constitution
b) Common welfare d) Both a and b
Explanation
In democracy laws are framed only based on the support of public opinion. People carry out peaceful demonstrations to express their opinion or resentment. Common welfare of the people and social progress are the primary considerations of public opinion.
37. Who stated that the injustice law and order are the dams and blocks of the social progress of a country?
a) Fidel Castro c) Abraham Lincoln
b) Martin Luther King. Jr d) Franklin Roosevelt
Explanation
Law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice and when they fail in this purpose they become the dangerously structured dams that block the flow of social progress. Martin Luther King. Jr.
38. Assertion (A): Citizenship refers only to the legal status as a member of the country.
Reasoning (R): The Citizens are equal participants in the political process of a country.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
In political theory, citizenship refers not only to a legal status as a member of a country but also a normative ideal which means the ruled are full and equal participants in the political process.
39. Choose the correct statements.
i) Democracy aims at the Political parties and electoral systems.
ii) Citizenship focuses the attributes of the individual citizens.
a) i only c) Both i and ii
b) ii only d) Neither i nor ii
Explanation
Democracy and citizenship go hand in hand. Democracy focuses on political parties, electoral systems, and rule of law while citizenship focuses on the attributes of individual citizens.
40. What is the definition of citizenship in a modern state?
a) Birth place of people c) Denotes the Universal status
b) Rights and Duties of people d) Applicable only by the Constitutional rights
Explanation
Citizens have certain rights that differ from one country to another. Today, we are following a modern state and citizenship connotes a status which is defined as a set of rights and duties of the people.
41. Choose the Correct statements.
i) Aristotle defined citizenship as reference to the birth place and Culture.
ii) Confucius viewed citizenship as a Cosmopolitan ideal.
iii) Stocis referred Citizenship as the restoration of commonwealth.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
Aristotle defined citizenship with reference to the birth place, family lineage and culture. Stoics viewed citizenship as a cosmopolitan ideal. Confucius emphasized it as the restoration of commonwealth where everyone worked for harmony and welfare. In India too there persisted the concept of “Vasudeva Kutumbakam”.
42. Which of these ancient Republics followed the Citizenship?
a) Arabian c) Persian
b) Roman d) Chinese
Explanation
Citizenship was an important theme in the ancient Greek and Roman Republics but they disappeared from the feudal systems. This was later revived as a desirable aspect of civic humanism during the Renaissance. Citizenship was considered only as participation of duties during the ancient Athens.
43. Assertion (A): Ordinary Laws are related to the forms and functions of the Government.
Reasoning (R): The Ordinary Laws relate to the Social and economic affairs of all the citizens.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
The laws which are not related to the forms and functions of the government and to the fundamental rights but are related to the social and economic affairs of all citizens are known as ordinary laws. For example, the abolition of child marriage and prohibition of wine etc. come under ordinary laws.
44. How many types of Law are categorized based on its purpose?
a) 7 c) 8
b) 6 d) 3
Explanation
45. How many divisions of Citizenship are available according to Marshall?
a) 2 c) 5
b) 3 d) 6
Explanation
Marshall, a liberal-social democrat links citizenship to social class in the context of capitalism. According to Marshall, citizenship has three essential divisions: civil, political and social. Everyone individual requires a right for freedom and that is what is in as civil component. This is also an important ingredient of rule of law.
46. Which of this freedom were enjoyed by the democratic Greeks in ancient times?
a) Speech c) Equality
b) Religion d) Freedom
Explanation
Greeks enjoyed the privilege of being governed by democracy; their government was made up of commoners and they were allowed freedom of speech to a large extent through public speaking rights.
47. State the Quality which is not necessary for a man universally by Aristotle.
a) Loyal to the Constitution c) Political Obligation
b) Goodness and Justice d) High capacity of Duties
Explanation
Aristotle considers three qualities to be necessary for a man universally. They are: Loyalty to the constitution, High degree of capacity to one’s duties and Quality of goodness and justice.
48. Identify the Incorrect Match.
A. Hume i) Fellow citizen expectations
B. J.S.Mill ii) Constitutional Knowledge
C. Plato iii) Education
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
Plato considers education is a cure to corruption and political instability. Hence, he speaks for effective and responsible form of education. Aristotle, Hume and Rousseau, point out that the citizens will need knowledge of the attitudes and the expectations of their fellow citizens. J.S.Mill and Tocqueville on the other hand stress upon the need of political knowledge and in order to participate and conduct the affairs of the local government, voluntary association or jury service, education is very much necessary.
49. Assertion (A): India follows Single citizenship borrowed from the feature of United Kingdom.
Reasoning (R): United States of America has Dual citizenship for its citizens.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
In USA, dual citizenship system prevails where a citizen is both the citizen of the country (USA) and the respective state. In India single citizenship system prevails where a citizen is only the citizen of the country (India).
50. Which of this Ministry initiated the Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act in India?
a) Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
b) Ministry of Home Affairs
c) Ministry of Human Resource Development
d) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Explanation
Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 is legislation, initiated by Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India to provide more effective provision for maintenance and welfare of parents and senior citizens.
51. Who were included to provide the full citizenship by the Indian Constitution?
a) Scheduled Caste c) Tribes
b) Remote Communities d) All the above
Explanation
The Indian Constitution attempted to provide full citizenship to all irrespective of whichever groups they belonged to. Women, people from the Scheduled Castes and Tribes, remote communities from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, who had not enjoyed equal rights previously, were given the full citizenship rights.
52. By which of these Indian Citizenship can be acquired?
a) By Birth only c) By Registration
b) By Descent only d) All the above
Explanation
The provisions about citizenship are found in Part Three and in the subsequent laws passed by the Parliament Citizenship can be acquired by birth, descent, registration, naturalization or inclusion of territory.
53. Choose the correct statements.
i) State can provide International citizenship.
ii) Global Citizenship deals across the national boundaries.
a) i only c) Both i and ii
b) ii only d) neither i nor ii
Explanation
National citizenship assumes that our state can provide us with protection and rights we need to live. However, states today are to tackle a lot of problems and hence individual rights are guaranteed to protect the safety of the people. Global citizenship on the other hand, deals with the importance of citizenship across the national boundaries. Here, one may need the cooperative action by the people and the governments of many states.
54. How many times the Citizenship Act was amended till date?
a) 4 c) 3
b) 5 d) 6
Explanation
Article 5 to Article 11 of the Indian Constitution governs Indian citizenship and the law in regard to this is the Citizenship Act of 1955. The 1955 Act was amended six times — 1986, 1992, 2003, 2005, 2015 and 2019the citizenship act, 1955 and its latest amendment.
55. Choose the correct statements.
i) Isaiah Berlin defines Rights in terms of Positive Liberties and Negative Freedoms.
ii) Positive rights are right to free expression.
iii) Negative right is a freedom of a person to be free of bodily interference.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
Isaiah Berlin defines rights in terms of positive liberties and negative freedoms. A positive right is an entitlement to: A right to free expression, for instance, entitles one to voice opinions publicly. A negative right is a freedom from; Freedom of person is a right to be free of bodily interference.
56. How many directive principles of state policy are listed in the Indian Constitution?
a) 5 c) 3
b) 10 d) 20
Explanation
Part IV of the constitution of India contains 20 directive principles of states policy. These are listed from Article 36 to Article 51.
57. Which of these enable an individual to perform their responsibilities?
a) Rights c) Law
b) Duties d) Morality
Explanation
Rights and responsibilities are inseparable. When someone is borne with a lot of responsibilities, they are automatically bestowed upon with enough rights. Rights actually enable an individual to perform their responsibilities in the different roles we play on a day to day basis.
58. Which of these rights provide opportunity to lead a civilized social life?
a) Political Rights c) Economic Rights
b) Civil Rights d) Moral Rights
Explanation
Civil Rights: These are the rights which provide opportunity to each person to lead a civilized social life and that which are protected by the state. Right to life, liberty and equality are civil rights.
59. Assertion (A): Rights and Duties are not related to each other.
Reasoning (R): Rights are in justiciable.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Rights are duties are interrelated to each other. “No duties, no rights.” “If I have rights it is my duty to respect the rights of others in the society”. Rights are justiciable.
60. Which of these are defined as the responsibility?
a) Casting vote c) To Choose the religion
b) To express views d) To protect public property
Explanation
To safeguard the unity and integrity of India, To protect the public property, To conserve and protect the natural resource of the country like wildlife, lakes, forests and river, To maintain the spirit of brotherhood and create harmony among all irrespective of caste, creed, color and economic status, To preserve the rich Indian culture and heritage, To maintain the spirit of brotherhood and create harmony, To respect the National Anthem and National Flag.
61. Choose the correct statements regarding Natural Rights.
i) Natural Rights are parts of Human nature and Government cannot deny these rights to Individuals.
ii) It denotes the objective rightness of the right things.
a) i only c) Both i and ii
b) ii only d) Neither i nor ii
Explanation
Natural Rights: These rights are parts of human nature and reason. Political theory explains that an individual has certain basic rights and the government cannot deny these rights. In classical political philosophy, “natural right” denotes to the objective rightness of the right things, whether the virtue of a soul the correctness of an action, or the excellence of a regime
62. Which of these are included in Moral Rights?
a) Moral behavior c) Moral perfection
b) Good Conduct d) All the above
Explanation
Moral rights include rules of good conduct, courtesy and moral behavior. Moral Rights include rules of good conduct, courtesy and of moral behavior and stand for moral perfection of the people.
63. Which of these rights are accepted and enforced by the state?
a) Legal Rights c) Moral Rights
b) Human Rights d) Natural Rights
Explanation
Legal rights are equally available to all the citizens and they follow without any discrimination. Legal rights are those which are accepted and enforced by the state. Legal rights are of three types: Civil Rights, Political Rights and Economic Rights.
64. How many types of Rights are classified?
a) 6 c) 7
b) 5 d) 3
Explanation
65. Which of these rights are of the highest order?
a) Human rights c) Economic rights
b) Moral rights d) Political rights
Explanation
Human Rights are the rights of highest order. They are morally important and are possessed in virtue of the universal moral status of human beings. They are protected and supported by international and national laws and treaties.
66. When the Bill of Rights was adopted in the United States?
a) 1215 c) 1791
b) 1762 d) 1776
Explanation
The Bill of Rights, in the United States, was adopted as a single unit on December 15, 1791, and they constitute a collection of mutually reinforcing guarantees of individual rights and limitations on federal and state governments.
67. Who proposed the Unites States Bill of Rights?
a) George Mason c) T.H. Green
b) James Madison d) Tocqueville
Explanation
James Madison proposed the Bill of Rights. Bill of Rights was influenced by George Mason’s 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights & 1689 English Bill of Rights.
68. Which of these is the basis of the United States Bill of Rights?
a) Magna Carta c) Colonial Struggle
b) English Bill of Rights d) All the above
Explanation
The Bill of Rights derives from the Magna Carta (1215), the English Bill of Rights (1689), the colonial struggle against king and Parliament. The United States Bill of Rights plays a central role in American law and government, and remains a fundamental symbol of the freedoms and culture of the nation.
69. Which of these are not in the ten Amendments of the US constitution?
a) Right to bear Arms c) Right to Live
b) Rights kept by the people d) Jury Trails in Civil cases
Explanation
70. When the Drafting committee of the Constituent Assembly was formed?
a) 1946 c) 1945
b) 1944 d) 1947
Explanation
On August 29, 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a drafting committee under the chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. The total number of amendments that were made were approximately 7635, out of which nearly 2473 were actually moved.
71. In which of these sessions Rajendra Prasad was elected as the first President of India?
a) 10th sessions c) 12th session
b) 11th sessions d) 9th session
Explanation
The 12th session of the Assembly held on January 24, 1950 elected Rajendra Prasad as the first President of the Indian Union. The legal and political luminaries of the Assembly affixed their signatures on the official copies of the Indian Constitution.
72. How many Fundamental Rights are provided by the Constitution of India?
a) 7 c) 5
b) 6 d) 10
Explanation
The Fundamental Rights, embodied in Part III of the Constitution, guarantee civil rights to all Indians, Seven fundamental rights were originally provided by the Constitution – the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, right to property and right to constitutional remedies. However, the right to property was removed from Part III of the Constitution by the 44th Amendment in 1978.
73. State the significance of the Article 16 of the Indian Constitution?
a) Practice of Untouchability c) Freedom of Association
b) Prohibits discrimination d) Equality in opportunity
Explanation
Right to Equality guarantees equality before law to all the people irrespective of their caste, creed, gender and race etc. Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment and prevents the State from discriminating against anyone in matters of employment on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, place of residence or any of them.
74. Which of these article is restricted under the section 66A Act, 2000?
a) Article 20 c) Article 21
b) Article 19 d) Article 22
Explanation
The Supreme Court struck down Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, relating to restrictions on online speech, as unconstitutional on grounds of violating the freedom of speech guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India. The Court further held that the Section was not saved by virtue of being a ‘reasonable restriction’ on the freedom of speech under Article 19(2).
75. Which of these cases declared that the Fundamental rights can be amended with subject to judicial review?
a) Kesavananda Bharati Case c) A.K. Gopalan Case
b) Minerva Mills Case d) S.R.Bommai Case
Explanation
In the Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala case in 1973, the Supreme Court, overruling a previous decision of 1967, held that the Fundamental Rights could be amended, subject to judicial review in case such an amendment violated the basic structure of the Constitution. The Fundamental Rights can be enhanced, removed or otherwise altered through a constitutional amendment, passed by a two-thirds majority of each House of Parliament.
76. Which of these articles will not be suspended even in case of emergency?
a) Article 16 c) Article 15
b) Article 21 d) Article 30
Explanation
The imposition of a state of emergency may lead to a temporary suspension any of the Fundamental Rights, excluding Articles 20 and 21, by order of the President. The President may, by order, suspend the right to constitutional remedies as well, thereby barring citizens from approaching the Supreme Court for the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights, except Articles 20 and 21, during the period of the emergency.
77. In which year the Child Labor prohibiting act was passed in India?
a) 1976 c) 1990
b) 1985 d) 1986
Explanation
Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories, mines and other hazardous jobs. Parliament has enacted the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, providing regulations for the abolition of and penalties for employing child labor as well as provisions for rehabilitation of former child laborers.
78. Which of these Articles states the tax exemption for promoting any particular religion or institution?
a) Article 22 c) Article 27
b) Article 26 d) Article 31
Explanation
Right to Freedom of Religion: Article 27 guarantees that no person can be compelled to pay taxes for the promotion of any particular religion or religious institution
79. Which of these Articles guarantee the Cultural rights in India?
a) Article 21 c) Article 22
b) Article 29 d) Article 32
Explanation
Cultural and Educational Rights There are certain non-political rights of religious, cultural and linguistic minorities, groups or sections of people. Constitution guarantees these rights for them.
80. Choose the correct statements regarding the Constitutional remedies.
i) The Supreme Court only provides the Constitutional remedies.
ii) Article 226 provides these remedies by the Supreme Court.
iii) The Court can issue writs or orders for constitutional remedies in five formats.
a) i only c) iii only
b) ii only d) All the above
Explanation
Constitutional Remedies provides the rights to the citizens to move the Supreme Court or the High Court to protect their rights. Article 32 provides the remedies to the citizens at the Supreme Court while Article 226 by the High Court. The courts can issue writs or orders in the nature of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Quo Warranto and Prohibition or Injunction.
81. Which of these rights empower the citizens of India to pose queries to the government transparency and accountability?
a) Right to Religion c) Right to Speech
b) Right to Information d) Right to Association
Explanation
Right to Information Act of 2005 provides you this with this mandate of posing queries to the working of the Government. This is to empower the citizens and initiate transparency and accountability. An informed citizen is kept more vigil on the instruments governing the functions of the government thereby making them accountable.
82. Assertion (A): Right to life is guaranteed under the Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.
Reasoning (R): Right to privacy of people is an integral part of Human dignity
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is True but R is False.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Right to Privacy People of India will surely not surrender the most precious aspects of human persona, like, life, liberty and freedom. The citizen will surely not surrender all these rights to the emergency of the state. Right to privacy is moreover an integral part of human dignity. “The right to privacy is protected as an intrinsic part of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 and as a part of the freedoms guaranteed by Part III of the Constitution.
83. In which year the Transgender protection Rights was passed?
a) 2019 c) 2013
b) 2014 d) 2016
Explanation
The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 is an act of the Parliament of India with the objective to provide for protection of rights of transgender persons, their welfare, and other related matters. The act was introduced in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament, on 19 July 2019 by the Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment.
84. By which of this Amendments Right to Education was made as a Fundamental Right in Indian Constitution?
a) 86th Amendment c) 42nd Amendment
b) 77th Amendment d) 32nd Amendment
Explanation
Article 21A is a Fundamental Right [Part III] and Article 45 is a Directive Principle of State Policy [ Part IV] Both were inserted in our constitution by the 86th Amendment, 2002. Article 21A: RIGHT TO EDUCATION: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine. Article 45: The State shall endeavor to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.
85. What are the classifications of Directive Principles of State policy?
a) Socialistic Principles c) Liberal Intellectual principles
b) Gandhian Principles d) All the above
Explanation
The Constitution of India does not formally classify the Directive Principles of State Policy but for better understanding and on the basis of content and direction- they can be classified into three categories: Socialistic Principles, Gandhian Principles, and Liberal-Intellectual Principles.
86. Choose the Incorrect statements regarding the Political Obligation.
i) It is related to the Legal affair.
ii) Every individual must perform certain duties to maintain the political institutions of the country.
a) i only c) Both i and ii
b) ii only d) Neither i nor ii
Explanation
Political Obligation is related to moral affair. Every individual has to perform certain duties such as payment of taxes, participate in voting, perform judicial and military functions; It is in order to maintain the political institutions of the country.
87. Which of these are included in the Political Obligation according to T.H.Greens view?
a) Obligation of Individual c) Obligation towards sovereign
b) Obligation towards the state d) All the above
Explanation
T.H. Green states political obligation as “it is intended to include the obligation of the subject towards the sovereign, the obligation of the citizen toward the state and the obligation of the individual to each other as enforces by the political superior.
88. What are the major aspects of the Political obligations?
a) Rendering authority c) Basis of Political obligation
b) Limitations of Rendering d) All the above
Explanation
Political obligation otherwise involves three major aspects: The identifiable authority to which political obligation is rendered, To what extent political obligation can be rendered: The basis of Political Obligation.
89. Choose the Incorrect statements regarding the Political obligations.
i) After sixteenth century only the Political Obligation gained momentum.
ii) Modern political theory states that political obligation is not a will of God.
a) i only c) Both i and ii
b) ii only d) Neither i nor ii
Explanation
The basis of Political Obligation: Political obligations have gained momentum only after the sixteenth century. Earlier, the people considered Political obligation as the will of God. But modern political theory differs in its explanation. This theory says that no person is forced to do a work but they voluntarily assume their own duties as their valid obligations.
90. Which of these are the features of the Political Obligation?
a) Source of political spirit c) Political legitimacy
b) Citizens Responsibility d) All the above
Explanation
Features of Political Obligation:
There prevails a source of political spirit and social service, Honesty and integrity are the essential aspects when it comes to the performance of public duty, There must prevail political legitimacy and effectiveness, The citizens also have the responsibility of guarding their guardians.
91. How many types of Political Obligations are followed?
a) 2 c) 4
b) 3 d) 5
Explanation
Moral Obligation, Legal Obligation, Positive Obligation and Negative Obligation are the four types of political obligations.
92. Assertion (A): Positive Obligation is the rules made by the state which cannot be disobeyed.
Reasoning (R): If an individual is not allowed to do the government prevented actions, it is called as Negative obligation.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is True but R is False.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
There are certain rules made by the state which cannot be disobeyed and hence they are considered as the positive obligation. Paying tax and serving the defense are some of the examples under positive obligation. Negative Obligation is the direct opposite of positive obligation. Here an individual is not permissible to do what the government prevents him from doing so.
93. Choose the correct statements regarding the Divine theory.
i) Divine theory was popular in the ancient and in the middle ages.
ii) People believed that King as the representative of God.
a) i only c) Both i and ii
b) ii only d) Neither i nor ii
Explanation
The Divine theory, in the olden day’s people thought that the God created the state and the king was his representative. But this theory could be popular only during the ancient and middle ages but not during the modern era.
94. Which of these personalities justified the consent theory?
a) Locke c) Rousseau
b) Hobbes d) All the above
Explanation
The Consent Theory proposes that the authority of the state is based on the people’s consent. Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau justified this theory on the grounds that the authority of power was dependent on the people’s consent.
95. Which of these theory states that political authority is based on customary rights?
a) Perspective Theory c) Consent Theory
b) Idealistic Theory d) Marxian Theory
Explanation
The Prescriptive Theory states that the respect to the political authority is based on the principle of customary rights.
96. Assertion (A): Idealistic theory regards man and state as two different entities.
Reasoning (R): It propounds that when individual receives his rights he cannot conflict with the state.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is True but R is False.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
The Idealistic Theory regards man and the state as two entities. “Man” is regarded as a political and rational creature while “state” is considered as a self-sufficing community. This idealistic theory propounds that when the individual receives his rights from the state, he can have no rights that can conflict with the state.
97. How many stages are involved in the Marxian theory?
a) 5 c) 2
b) 3 d) 4
Explanation
The Marxian theory is actually different from the other theories. It has been classified into three stages:
Pre- revolutionary stage- This stage explains political non-obligation Revolutionary Stage- It is an eventual change from political non-obligation stage to a stage of total political obligation. Post- revolutionary stage-This stage is a complete transition from total political obligation to social development.
98. Which of these Act granted the equal inheritance rights to the daughters in the family property?
a) Indian Succession Act, 1965 c) Hindu Succession Act, 2005
b) Hindu Succession Act, 1956 d) Hindu Succession Act, 2018
Explanation
The Hindu Succession Act of 1956 granted daughters equal inheritance rights with sons in their father’s share of the undivided family property.
99. What are the needs of owning a property?
a) Freedom c) Dignity of life
b) Human dignity d) All the above
Explanation
Property is considered as a natural right which is necessary for human dignity, freedom and dignity of life. Property refers to the legal relations between the persons with respect to specific things which may be material or abstract.
100. Assertion (A): Property grants the owner the power to decide on a resource.
Reasoning (R): Public Properties includes Railways and Public Transportation.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Other forms of property include the public property, common property or the state property. Property rights grant the owner an exclusive power to decide what will happen to a particular thing or resource. Public properties include transport, railways, etc.
101. Who must protect the individual rights according to Locke’s view?
a) Constitution c) International Law
b) Government d) Law and order
Explanation
According to Locke, the Government’s main function is to guarantee every citizen the protection of their individual rights and secure conditions to enjoy their properties peacefully.
102. Which of these policies entailed the taxation and basic public amenities under state control in developing countries?
a) Industrial Development c) Capitalism
b) Social Welfare d) Imperialism
Explanation
Most of the developed and developing nations practiced social welfare policies after World War II. The main components of these policies entailed taxation on property, transfer of basic industries and basic public amenities like health and education to state control.
103. Which of this Amendment eliminated the Fundamental right status of the property?
a) 32nd Amendment c) 21st Amendment
b) 44th Amendment d) 77th Amendment
Explanation
The Indian Constitution does not recognize property right as a fundamental right. In the year 1977, the 44th amendment eliminated the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property as a fundamental right.
104. Assertion(A): Part XI of the Indian constitution consists of Articles on Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits.
Reasoning (R): Article 300 states that no person shall be deprived of property save by authority of law.
a) Both A and R is True and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R is True but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is False but R is True.
d) Both A and R is False.
Explanation
Article 300 (A) was inserted in another part of the Constitution. This was to affirm that no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law. Hence, this has become a statutory right now.
105. Which of these are provided by the citizenship to the individuals?
a) Participate in decisions c) Value diversity
b) Live in peace d) All the above
Explanation
