Development of Industries in India 8th Social Science Lesson 12 Questions in English

8th Social Science Lesson 12 Questions in English

12. Development of Industries in India

1. India’s traditional economy was characterised by a blend of agriculture and ______

a) Nomads

b) War

c) Handicrafts

d) Robbery

Explanation

India’s traditional economy was characterised by a blend of agriculture and handicrafts.

2. The birthplace of cotton manufacture is ______

a) China

b) India

c) Brazil

d) Japan

Explanation

The birthplace of cotton manufacture is India where it probably flourished long before the dawn of authentic history.

3. Who visited India during the reign of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, marvelled at the incredible quantity of manufactured goods?

a) Marco polo

b) Tsang hi

c) Ibn-e- batuta

d) Bernier

Explanation

Bernier, who visited India during the reign of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, marvelled at the incredible quantity of manufactured goods.

4. Which French traveller, admired the peacock throne, carpets of silk and gold as well as mini carvings?

a) Tavernier

b) Domingo Paes

c) Ralph Fish

d) John Linscoten

Explanation

Tavernier, a French traveller, admired the peacock throne, carpets of silk and gold as well as mini carvings.

5. Saurashtra was known for which metal industry?

a) Bronze

b) Silver

c) Bell metal

d) Kanchu metal

Explanation

Certain centres of metal industry were quite well known. For example, Saurashtra was known for bell metal, Vanga for tin industry and Dacca was identified with muslin clothes.

6. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) Mummies in Egyptian tombs dating from 2000 BC(BCE) were found wrapped in Indian muslins of the finest quality

2) A 100metres of this thin fabric could be squeezed into a match box.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Mummies in Egyptian tombs dating from 2000 BC(BCE) were found wrapped in Indian muslins of the finest quality. A 50metres of this thin fabric could be squeezed into a match box.

7. Whose conquest transformed Indian economy (self-reliant) into colonial economy?

a) Portuguese

b) French

c) Dutch

d) British

Explanation

The British conquest transformed Indian economy (self-reliant) into colonial economy.

8. The substitution of which crops in agriculture ruined the Indian Agro-based industry?

a) Weed crop

b) Commercial food crop

c) Genetically modified crop

d) Short crop

Explanation

The substitution of commercial food crops in agriculture ruined the Indian agro-based industry.

9. Who lost their importance in colonial time and had to work as labourers in fields to meet their daily needs?

a) War veterans

b) Farmers

c) Craftsman

d) Lost kings

Explanation

As the British conquered the India, the craftsman who were patronised by these rulers lost their importance and became poor. For generations, these craftsmen had been practicing their craft, and they did not possess any other skills. So, they had to work as labourers in fields to meet their daily needs.

10. Which of the following statement is correct

1) India was famous for its fine quality of cotton and silk clothes.

2) The traditional Indian industry was known in the fields of textiles, woodwork, ivory, stone cutting, leather, fragrance wood, metal work and jewelry.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

The traditional Indian industry was known in the fields of textiles, woodwork, ivory, stone cutting, leather, fragrance wood, metal work and jewelry. India was famous for its fine quality of cotton and silk clothes.

11. Who introduced railway and railroad to India?

a) Mughals

b) British

c) French

d) Portuguese

Explanation

The railways and roadways introduced by the British facilitated the movement of finished products to reach the remotest parts of India and the procurement of raw materials from these parts.

12. Which industry gave a tough competition to the European manufactures in colonial period?

a) Pottery

b) Agricultural industry

c) Mining industry

d) Textile industry

Explanation

Textile was the oldest industry in India. The highly specialised skills of Indian weavers and the low production cost gave a tough competition to the European manufactures.

13. Which of the following statement is correct

1) Indian handicraft was collapsed mainly due to the competition posed by the Indian agriculture industry.

2) The ruling British turned India as the producer of raw materials for their industries and markets for their finished products.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Indian handicraft was collapsed mainly due to the competition posed by the machine-made goods that were imported from Britain by the British rulers. The ruling British turned India as the producer of raw materials for their industries and markets for their finished products.

14. Who was the first to acknowledge that the poverty of the Indian people was due to the British exploitation of India’s resources?

a) Gandhi

b) Motilal Nehru

c) Dadabhai Naoroji

d) Vallabhbhai Patel

Explanation

Dadabai Naoroji was the first to acknowledge that the poverty of the Indian people was due to the British exploitation of India’s resources and the drain of India’s wealth to Britain.

15. Which policy followed by the East India Company compelled the Indian traders to sell their goods below the market prices?

a) Land revenue policy

b) Free trade policy

c) Drain of wealth policy

d) Market revenue policy

Explanation

Free trade policy followed by the East India Company compelled the Indian traders to sell their goods below the market prices.

16. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) India became the market for the finished products of Britain

2) As a result, peasants who had supplemented their income by part-time spinning and weaving had to now rely only on cultivation.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

India became the market for the finished products of Britain. As a result, peasants who had supplemented their income by part-time spinning and weaving had to now rely only on cultivation.

17. The British followed the policy of what that was much against the trading interests of India?

a) Specific tariff

b) Power factor tariff

c) Protective tariff

d) Supply tariff

Explanation

The British followed the policy of protective tariffs that was much against the trading interests of India.

18. During the first half of 19th century western countries were experiencing what?

a) Colonization

b) Industrialisation

c) Agricultural development

d) Urbanisation

Explanation

During the first half of 19th century western countries were experiencing industrialisation while India suffered a period of industrial decline.

19. The process of disruption of traditional Indian crafts and decline in national income has been referred to as ______

a) Colonization

b) De-industrialisation

c) Free trade

d) Partial tariff

Explanation

The process of disruption of traditional Indian crafts and decline in national income has been referred to as de-industrialisation.

20. The difficulties in Indian industries was complicated further by the construction of what?

a) Panama Canal

b) Corinth Canal

c) Suez Canal

d) Buckingham Canal

Explanation

The difficulties in Indian industries was complicated further by the construction of Suez Canal, because of which transport cost was reduced, which made the British goods cheaper in India.

21. Which of the following is the aim of east India company

a) Buy the maximum quantity of Indian manufactured goods at the cheapest price

b) Sell Indian product to other European countries for a huge profit

c) Both a and b are correct

d) None

Explanation

East India Company’s aim was to buy the maximum quantity of Indian manufactured goods at the cheapest price and sell them to other European countries for a huge profit.

22. The beginning of modern industry is associated with the development in mainly plantations like _______

a) Rubber

b) Mango

c) Jute

d) Sugar cane

Explanation

The beginning of modern industry is associated with the development in mainly plantations like jute, cotton and also steel.

23. What gave an impetus to the development of number of industries such as chemical, iron and steel, sugar, cement, glass and other consumer goods?

a) Colonization

b) World wars

c) Transportation

d) Trade route

Explanation

The two World Wars gave an impetus to the development of number of industries such as chemical, iron and steel, sugar, cement, glass and other consumer goods.

24. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) The main cause for the decline of handicraft industry was the greater employment opportunities and income-generating effect of the modern factory.

2) The Indian domestic industry could not have withstood foreign competition, which was backed by a powerful industrial organisation, big machinery, large-scale production.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None of the above

Explanation

The main cause for the decline of handicraft industry was the greater employment opportunities and income-generating effect of the modern factory. The Indian domestic industry could not have withstood foreign competition, which was backed by a powerful industrial organisation, big machinery, large-scale production.

25. Most mills in colonial India were setup by whom?

a) East India company

b) Foreign investors

c) Wealthy Indians

d) Foreign traders

Explanation

Most mills were setup by wealthy Indian businessmen. Initially this development was confined to the setting up of cotton and jute textile mills.

26. The Assam tea company was founded in which year?

a) 1840

b) 1836

c) 1831

d) 1839

Explanation

The Assam Tea Company was founded in 1839.

27. Which plantation became the centre of activities in South India?

a) Jute

b) Tea

c) Coffee

d) Rubber

Explanation

As the tea plantation was the most important industry of Eastern India, coffee plantation became the centre of activities in South India.

28. Which was the third important plantation, which gave birth to factory?

a) Coffee

b) Sugar cane

c) Cotton

d) Jute

Explanation

The third important plantation, which gave birth to factory, was jute. All these industries were controlled by the many former employees of the British East India Company.

29. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) The plantation industry was the first to attract the Europeans.

2) The plantation industry could provide jobs on a small scale.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

The plantation industry was the first to attract the Europeans. The plantation industry could provide jobs on a large scale, and in reality, it could meet the increasing demands for tea, coffee and indigo by the British society.

30. In which year, modern industrial sector in an organized form started with the establishment of cotton textile industry in Bombay?

a) 1818

b) 1843

c) 1854

d) 1849

Explanation

In India, modern industrial sector in an organized form started with the establishment of cotton textile industry in Bombay in 1854.

31. Where did jute industry was started in the year 1855?

a) Hooghly valley

b) Barak valley

c) Bhakra Nangal valley

d) Brahmaputra valley

Explanation

In 1855, jute industry was started in the Hooghly valley at Rishra near Calcutta.

32. In which year the first paper mill was started in Ballygunj near Calcutta?

a) 1887

b) 1876

c) 1870

d) 1869

Explanation

The first paper mill was started in Ballygunj near Calcutta in 1870.

33. Which mills were dominated by Indian enterprises?

a) Tea

b) Cotton

c) Jute

d) All the above

Explanation

The cotton mills were dominated by Indian enterprises and the jute mills were owned by the British capitalists. Cotton mills were opened in Bombay and Ahmedabad, and jute mills proliferated on the Hooghly river banks.

34. The woollen and leather factories became prominent in which area?

a) Kodaikanal

b) Mysore

c) Bombay

d) Kanpur

Explanation

The woollen and leather factories became prominent in Kanpur.

35. In which year, Steel was first manufactured by modern methods at Kulti?

a) 1872

b) 1874

c) 1879

d) 1890

Explanation

The heavy industries included the iron and steel industry, Steel was first manufactured by modern methods at Kulti in 1874.

36. Which of the following statement is correct

1) Iron and steel industries began rooted in the Indian soil in the beginning of 20th century.

2) However, the credit for the development of large-scale manufacture of steel in India goes to Sajjan Jindal.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None of the above

Explanation

Iron and steel industries began rooted in the Indian soil in the beginning of 20th century. However, the credit for the development of large-scale manufacture of steel in India goes to Jamshedji Tata.

37. Where did the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was setup in 1907?

a) Kanpur

b) Salem

c) Jamshedpur

d) Satara

Explanation

The Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was setup in 1907 at Jamshedpur. It started producing pig iron in 1911 and steel ingots in 1912.

38. The length of railways increased from 2,573 km to 55,773 km in which year?

a) 1919

b) 1914

c) 1912

d) 1920

Explanation

The length of railways increased from 2,573 km in 1861 to 55,773 km in 1914.

39. As a result of what, the cotton mills increased from 194 to 273 and jute mills from 36 to 64?

a) Swadeshi movement

b) Non co-operation movement

c) Indian Home rule movement

d) Simon commission

Explanation

As a result of Swadeshi Movement, the cotton mills increased from 194 to 273 and jute mills from 36 to 64.

40. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) Foreign capitalists were attracted to Indian industry as it held the prospect of high profit.

2) Labour was extremely cheap. Raw materials were cheaply available. But India and its neighbours does not provide ready market.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Foreign capitalists were attracted to Indian industry as it held the prospect of high profit. Labour was extremely cheap. Raw materials were cheaply available. And India and its neighbours provided a ready market.

41. The Confederation of Indian Industry was founded in the year ______

a) 1995

b) 1989

c) 1980

d) 1985

Explanation

The Confederation of Indian Industry is a business association in India. It was founded in 1985.

42. Which of the following statement is correct

1) The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) is a government, profitable, industry-led and industry-managed organisation.

2) CII has over 9,000 members form the private as well as public sectors, including small and medium enterprises (SME).

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) is a nongovernment, not-for-profit, industry-led and industry-managed organisation. It has over 9,000 members form the private as well as public sectors, including small and medium enterprises (SME) and multinational corporations (MNCs).

43. One of the most important innovations in the industrial field after Independence has been the introduction of what?

a) White revolution

b) Smiling buddha

c) Green revolution

d) Five Year plan

Explanation

One of the most important innovations in the industrial field after Independence has been the introduction of the Five-Year Plans and the direct participation in industry by the government as expressed in the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948.

44. As per the Industrial Policy Resolution 1956, industries were classified into how many categories?

a) 4

b) 3

c) 5

d) 2

Explanation

As per the Industrial Policy Resolution 1956, industries were classified into three categories.

45. Which of the following industry category can be only handled by government?

a) Schedule B

b) Schedule C

c) Schedule A

d) None of the above

Explanation

Schedule A: Only the Government can handle these industries. Some of these are atomic energy, electrical, iron and steel and others.

46. Which of the following is not the schedule B industry?

a) Aluminium

b) Chemicals including plastics

c) Electrical

d) Machine tools

Explanation

Schedule B: These comprise road and sea transportation, machine tools, aluminium, chemicals including plastics and fertilisers, ferro alloys and certain types of mining.

47. On the basis of raw materials used, industries can be classified into Agro-based and _____ based

a) Mineral

b) Fertile

c) Chemical

d) Cattle

Explanation

On the basis of raw materials used, industries can be classified into agro-based and mineral-based. According to their role it can be classified into basic and key industries.

48. On the basis of ownership industries can be classified into how many Types?

a) 2

b) 4

c) 6

d) 5

Explanation

On the basis of ownership industries can be classified into public sector, private sector, joint sector and co-operative sector.

49. Which of the following statement is correct

1) Industrial sector during 1950s to1965 was well developed with good infrastructure

2) The first three Five-Year Plans were very important because their aim was to build a strong industrial base in independent India

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Industrial sector during 1950s to1965 was underdeveloped with weak infrastructure. Technical skills were in short supply. The first three Five-Year Plans were very important because their aim was to build a strong industrial base in independent India.

50. The first three Five-Year plans mostly focused on the development of what?

a) Investment sector

b) Agricultural sector

c) Capital goods sector

d) Consumer goods sector

Explanation

The first three Five-Year plans mostly focused on the development of capital goods sector. As a result, this phase witnessed a strong acceleration in the growth rate of production.

51. Which sector is the backbone of rural economy?

a) Mining sector

b) Investment sector

c) Capital goods sector

d) Consumer goods sector

Explanation

The consumer goods sector is the backbone of rural economy.

52. Which of the following statement is correct

1) As the first three Five-Year Plans mostly focused on the development of the capital goods sector, the consumer goods sector was neglected.

2) As the result, there was a fall in the growth rate of industrial production.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

As the first three Five-Year Plans mostly focused on the development of the capital goods sector, the consumer goods sector was neglected. As the result, there was a fall in the growth rate of industrial production.

53. The period of the Industrial development during 1965–1980 is marked as what?

a) Economic liberation

b) Structural retrogression

c) Industrial recover

d) Industrial decline

Explanation

The period of the Industrial development during 1965–1980 is marked as the period of structural retrogression.

54. The period of the 1980s can be considered as the period of what?

a) Economic liberation

b) Structural retrogression

c) Industrial recovery

d) Economic recession

Explanation

The period of the 1980s can be considered as the period of the industrial recovery. This period witnessed quite a healthy industrial growth.

55. Which Five-Year Plans witnessed a high growth rate of industrial production?

a) Seventh and Eighth

b) Seventh and Tenth

c) Sixth and Tenth

d) Tenth and Eleventh

Explanation

India took major decision to improve the performance of the industrial sector. The Tenth and Eleventh Five-Year Plans witnessed a high growth rate of industrial production.

56. Which of the following enabled Indian industry to flourish.

a) The abolition of industrial licensing

b) Dismantling of price controls

c) Virtual abolition of monopoly law

d) All the above

Explanation

The abolition of industrial licensing, dismantling of price controls, dilution of reservation of small-scale industries and virtual abolition of monopoly law enabled Indian industry to flourish.

57. Along with three-sector model of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, a fourth sector has emerged. Which is the fourth sector?

a) Mining sector

b) Food processing

c) Information related industry

d) Public Health

Explanation

Along with three-sector model of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, a fourth sector, information-related industries, has emerged.

58. The term information technology includes computer and communication technology along with ______

a) Mobile phone

b) Telecom

c) Broadband

d) Software

Explanation

The term information technology includes computer and communication technology along with software.

59. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) Some modern industries have really grown and they are competing effectively with the outside world

2) This has increased our dependence greatly on foreign experts and technologists

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Some modern industries have really grown and they are competing effectively with the outside world. This has reduced our dependence greatly on foreign experts and technologists. On the contrary, India is exporting trained personnel to relatively less developed countries.

60. Which year ushered a new era of the economic liberalisation?

a) 1998

b) 1991

c) 1994

d) 1989

Explanation

The year 1991 ushered a new era of the economic liberalisation.

61. What is the rank of India in production of electricity in Asia?

a) First

b) Second

c) Third

d) Fifth

Explanation

After almost seven decades of independence, India has emerged as the third largest producer of electricity in Asia.

62. The process of Industrialisation started in India when?

a) Mid of 20th century

b) Beginning of 20th century

c) Mid of 19th century

d) Beginning of 19th century

Explanation

The process of Industrialisation started in India from the mid of 19th Century.

63. Which of the following statement is correct

1) Another positive aspect of industrial growth is the attainment of the goal of self-reliance

2) We have achieved self-reliance in machinery, plant and other equipment.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Another positive aspect of industrial growth is the attainment of the goal of self-reliance. We have achieved self-reliance in machinery, plant and other equipment. Today, the bulk of the equipment required for industrial and infrastructural development is produced within the country.

64. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) The Indian road network has become one of the largest in the world.

2) Government efforts led to the expansion of the network of National Highways, State highways and major district roads, which in turn has directly contributed to industrial growth.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

The Indian road network has become one of the largest in the world. Government efforts led to the expansion of the network of National Highways, State highways and major district roads, which in turn has directly contributed to industrial growth.