Heat and Thermodynamics 11th Science Lessons
Heat and Thermodynamics 11th Science Lessons
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- Answered
- Review
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Question 1 of 152
1. Question
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
1) Temperature and heat play very important role in everyday life
2) Life on Earth is possible because the Sun maintains its temperatureCorrect
Temperature and heat play very important role in everyday life. All species can function properly only if its body is maintained at a particular temperature. In fact, life on Earth is possible because the Sun maintains its temperature.
Incorrect
Temperature and heat play very important role in everyday life. All species can function properly only if its body is maintained at a particular temperature. In fact, life on Earth is possible because the Sun maintains its temperature.
-
Question 2 of 152
2. Question
______ is a branch of physics which explains the phenomena of temperature, heat
Correct
Understanding the meaning of temperature and heat are very crucial to understand the nature. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which explains the phenomena of temperature, heat etc.
Incorrect
Understanding the meaning of temperature and heat are very crucial to understand the nature. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which explains the phenomena of temperature, heat etc.
-
Question 3 of 152
3. Question
In thermodynamics, heat and temperature are two_____ parameters
Correct
The concepts presented in this chapter will help us to understand the terms ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ and also differentiate heat from temperature. In thermodynamics, heat and temperature are two different but closely related parameters.
Incorrect
The concepts presented in this chapter will help us to understand the terms ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ and also differentiate heat from temperature. In thermodynamics, heat and temperature are two different but closely related parameters.
-
Question 4 of 152
4. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Energy flows spontaneously from lower temperature object to higher temperature object
2) This flow of energy is called heat
3) Due to flow of heat sometimes the temperature of the body will increase or sometimes it may not increase.Correct
When an object at higher temperature is placed in contact with another object at lower temperature, there will be a spontaneous flow of energy from the object at higher temperature to the one at lower temperature. This energy is called heat. This process of energy transfer from higher temperature object to lower temperature object is called heating. Due to flow of heat sometimes the temperature of the body will increase or sometimes it may not increase.
Incorrect
When an object at higher temperature is placed in contact with another object at lower temperature, there will be a spontaneous flow of energy from the object at higher temperature to the one at lower temperature. This energy is called heat. This process of energy transfer from higher temperature object to lower temperature object is called heating. Due to flow of heat sometimes the temperature of the body will increase or sometimes it may not increase.
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Question 5 of 152
5. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
1) People often talk ‘this water has more heat or less heat’.
2) There is a misconception that heat is a quantity of energy
3) When we use the word ‘heat’, it is the energy in transit but not energy stored in the body.Correct
There is a misconception that heat is a quantity of energy. People often talk ‘this water has more heat or less heat’. These words are meaningless. Heat is not a quantity. Heat is an energy in transit which flows from higher temperature object to lower temperature object. Once the heating process is stopped, we cannot use the word heat. When we use the word ‘heat’, it is the energy in transit but not energy stored in the body.
Incorrect
There is a misconception that heat is a quantity of energy. People often talk ‘this water has more heat or less heat’. These words are meaningless. Heat is not a quantity. Heat is an energy in transit which flows from higher temperature object to lower temperature object. Once the heating process is stopped, we cannot use the word heat. When we use the word ‘heat’, it is the energy in transit but not energy stored in the body.
-
Question 6 of 152
6. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
1) When you rub your hands against each other the temperature of the hands increases.
2) The temperature of the hands increases due to this workCorrect
When you rub your hands against each other the temperature of the hands increases. You have done some work on your hands by rubbing. The temperature of the hands increases due to this work. Now if you place your hands on the chin, the temperature of the chin increases. This is because the hands are at higher temperature than the chin.
Incorrect
When you rub your hands against each other the temperature of the hands increases. You have done some work on your hands by rubbing. The temperature of the hands increases due to this work. Now if you place your hands on the chin, the temperature of the chin increases. This is because the hands are at higher temperature than the chin.
-
Question 7 of 152
7. Question
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
1) By doing work on the system, the temperature in the system will increase and sometimes may not
2) Work is a quantityCorrect
By doing work on the system, the temperature in the system will increase and sometimes may not. Like heat, work is also not a quantity and through the work energy is transferred to the system. So, we cannot use the word ‘the object contains more work’ or ‘less work’.
Incorrect
By doing work on the system, the temperature in the system will increase and sometimes may not. Like heat, work is also not a quantity and through the work energy is transferred to the system. So, we cannot use the word ‘the object contains more work’ or ‘less work’.
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Question 8 of 152
8. Question
For the transfer of energy from one body to another body through the process of work, they should be at______ temperatures
Correct
Either the system can transfer energy to the surrounding by doing work on surrounding or the surrounding may transfer energy to the system by doing work on the system. For the transfer of energy from one body to another body through the process of work, they need not be at different temperatures.
Incorrect
Either the system can transfer energy to the surrounding by doing work on surrounding or the surrounding may transfer energy to the system by doing work on the system. For the transfer of energy from one body to another body through the process of work, they need not be at different temperatures.
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Question 9 of 152
9. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Temperature is the degree of hotness or coolness of a body
2) The temperature will determine the direction of heat flow when two bodies are in thermal contactCorrect
Temperature is the degree of hotness or coolness of a body. Hotter the body higher is its temperature. The temperature will determine the direction of heat flow when two bodies are in thermal contact.
Incorrect
Temperature is the degree of hotness or coolness of a body. Hotter the body higher is its temperature. The temperature will determine the direction of heat flow when two bodies are in thermal contact.
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Question 10 of 152
10. Question
The SI unit of temperature is_____
Correct
The SI unit of temperature is kelvin (K). In our day to day applications, Celsius (˚C) and Fahrenheit (°F) scales are used. Temperature is measured with a thermometer.
Incorrect
The SI unit of temperature is kelvin (K). In our day to day applications, Celsius (˚C) and Fahrenheit (°F) scales are used. Temperature is measured with a thermometer.
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Question 11 of 152
11. Question
Which of the following temperature conversion is correct?
1) Celsius to Kelvin K=°C + 273.15
2) Celsius to Fahrenheit °C = (°F − 32) ÷ 1.8Correct
Incorrect
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Question 12 of 152
12. Question
According to Boyle’s law_______
Correct
When the gas is kept at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the volume. P α 1/ V. It was discovered by Robert Boyle (1627-1691) and is known as Boyle’s law.
Incorrect
When the gas is kept at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the volume. P α 1/ V. It was discovered by Robert Boyle (1627-1691) and is known as Boyle’s law.
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Question 13 of 152
13. Question
According to Charles’ law_____
Correct
When the gas is kept at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature. V α T. It was discovered by Jacques Charles (1743-1823) and is known as Charles’ law.
Incorrect
When the gas is kept at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature. V α T. It was discovered by Jacques Charles (1743-1823) and is known as Charles’ law.
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Question 14 of 152
14. Question
Which of the following is ideal gas law?
Correct
By combining Boyle’s law, Charles’ law equations we have ideal gas law. So the ideal gas law can be stated as follows:
PV = N k TIncorrect
By combining Boyle’s law, Charles’ law equations we have ideal gas law. So the ideal gas law can be stated as follows:
PV = N k T -
Question 15 of 152
15. Question
Boltzmann constant is equal to_________
Correct
Ideal gas equation:
PV = N k T
Here k is the Boltzmann constant (1.381×10−23 JK−1) and it is found to be a universal constant.Incorrect
Ideal gas equation:
PV = N k T
Here k is the Boltzmann constant (1.381×10−23 JK−1) and it is found to be a universal constant. -
Question 16 of 152
16. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Atom is the practical unit to express the amount of gas
2) One mole of any substance is the amount of that substance which contains Avogadro number (NA) of particlesCorrect
Mole is the practical unit to express the amount of gas. One mole of any substance is the amount of that substance which contains Avogadro number (NA) of particles (such as atoms or molecules).
Incorrect
Mole is the practical unit to express the amount of gas. One mole of any substance is the amount of that substance which contains Avogadro number (NA) of particles (such as atoms or molecules).
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Question 17 of 152
17. Question
The Avogadro number is defined as the number of carbon atoms contained in exactly ___g of 12C
Correct
The Avogadro’s number NA is defined as the number of carbon atoms contained in exactly 12 g of 12C. One mole of any substance is the amount of that substance which contains Avogadro number (NA) of particles (such as atoms or molecules).
Incorrect
The Avogadro’s number NA is defined as the number of carbon atoms contained in exactly 12 g of 12C. One mole of any substance is the amount of that substance which contains Avogadro number (NA) of particles (such as atoms or molecules).
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Question 18 of 152
18. Question
Correct
Suppose if a gas contains μ mole of particles then the total number of particles can be written as
N = μ NA
where NA is Avogadro number (6.023 ×1023mol–1)Incorrect
Suppose if a gas contains μ mole of particles then the total number of particles can be written as
N = μ NA
where NA is Avogadro number (6.023 ×1023mol–1) -
Question 19 of 152
19. Question
Universal gas constant is equal to_____
- 023 ×1023 mol
- 314 J /mol. K
- 314 J /mol. K
- 314 J /mol. K
Correct
PV = μ N A k T. Here N A k=R called universal gas constant and its value is 8.314 J /mol. K. So, the ideal gas law can be written for μ mole of gas as
PV = μ R TIncorrect
PV = μ N A k T. Here N A k=R called universal gas constant and its value is 8.314 J /mol. K. So, the ideal gas law can be written for μ mole of gas as
PV = μ R T -
Question 20 of 152
20. Question
Which equation relates the pressure, volume and temperature of thermodynamic system at
equilibrium?
Correct
PV = μ R T
This is called the equation of state for an ideal gas. It relates the pressure, volume and temperature of thermodynamic system at equilibrium.
Incorrect
PV = μ R T
This is called the equation of state for an ideal gas. It relates the pressure, volume and temperature of thermodynamic system at equilibrium.
-
Question 21 of 152
21. Question
A student comes to school by a bicycle whose tire is filled with air at a pressure 240 kPa at 27°C.
She travels 8 km to reach the school and the temperature of the bicycle tire increases to 39°C.
What is the change in pressure in the tire when the student reaches school?
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 22 of 152
22. Question
When a person breathes, his lungs can hold up to 5.5 Litre of air at body temperature 37°C and
atmospheric pressure (1 atm =101 kPa). This Air contains 21% oxygen. Calculate the number of
oxygen molecules in the lungs.
- 7× 1022
- 7× 1021
- 7× 1022
- 7× 1021
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 23 of 152
23. Question
Calculate the volume of one mole of any gas at STP and at room temperature (300K) with the
same pressure 1 atm.
- 4 × 10–3 m3
- 4 × 10–3 m2
- 4 × 10–3 m3
- 4 × 10–3 m-3
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 24 of 152
24. Question
1 Litre (L) =______
- 10–3m3
- 103m3
- 10–3m-3
- 103m-3
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 25 of 152
25. Question
_____% of Oxygen present in air
Correct
Air is the mixture of about 20% oxygen, 79% nitrogen and remaining one percent are argon, hydrogen, helium, and xenon. The molar mass of air is 29 g mol–1.
Incorrect
Air is the mixture of about 20% oxygen, 79% nitrogen and remaining one percent are argon, hydrogen, helium, and xenon. The molar mass of air is 29 g mol–1.
-
Question 26 of 152
26. Question
_____ is defined as amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of the given body
from T to T + ∆T
Correct
We can define ‘heat capacity’ as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of the given body from T to T + ∆T. Specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin or 1°C
Incorrect
We can define ‘heat capacity’ as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of the given body from T to T + ∆T. Specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin or 1°C
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Question 27 of 152
27. Question
The SI unit for specific heat capacity is______
- J kg –1 K–1
- J kg –1 K
- kg K–1
- J kg K–1
Correct
The SI unit for specific heat capacity is J kg –1 K–1. Heat capacity and specific heat capacity are always positive quantities.
Incorrect
The SI unit for specific heat capacity is J kg –1 K–1. Heat capacity and specific heat capacity are always positive quantities.
-
Question 28 of 152
28. Question
Match the specific heat capacity with respective material
- Air 1. 130
- Lead 2. 4186
- Human body 3. 1005
- Water 4. 3470
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 29 of 152
29. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- The term heat capacity or specific heat capacity does not mean that object contains a certain amount of heat
- Heat is energy transfer from the object at higher temperature to the object at lower temperature
Correct
The term heat capacity or specific heat capacity does not mean that object contains a certain amount of heat. Heat is energy transfer from the object at higher temperature to the object at lower temperature. The correct usage is ‘internal energy capacity’. But for historical reason the term ‘heat capacity’ or ‘specific heat capacity’ are retained.
Incorrect
The term heat capacity or specific heat capacity does not mean that object contains a certain amount of heat. Heat is energy transfer from the object at higher temperature to the object at lower temperature. The correct usage is ‘internal energy capacity’. But for historical reason the term ‘heat capacity’ or ‘specific heat capacity’ are retained.
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Question 30 of 152
30. Question
The SI unit for molar specific heat capacity is_____
- J mol
- J mol–1 K–1
- J mol–1
- J mol K–1
Correct
The SI unit for molar specific heat capacity is J mol–1 K–1. It is also a positive quantity. When we study properties of gases, it is more practical to use molar specific heat capacity.
Incorrect
The SI unit for molar specific heat capacity is J mol–1 K–1. It is also a positive quantity. When we study properties of gases, it is more practical to use molar specific heat capacity.
-
Question 31 of 152
31. Question
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in___ due to change in temperature
- Volume
- Shape
- Area
Correct
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in shape, area, and volume due to a change in temperature.
Incorrect
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in shape, area, and volume due to a change in temperature.
-
Question 32 of 152
32. Question
Which of the following will expand when heated?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
Correct
All three states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) expand when heated. When a solid is heated, its atoms vibrate with higher amplitude about their fixed points.
Incorrect
All three states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) expand when heated. When a solid is heated, its atoms vibrate with higher amplitude about their fixed points.
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Question 33 of 152
33. Question
Which of the following expands more?
Correct
Liquids, have less intermolecular forces than solids and hence they expand more than solids. This is the principle behind the mercury thermometers. In the case of gas molecules, the intermolecular forces are almost negligible and hence they expand much more than solids.
Incorrect
Liquids, have less intermolecular forces than solids and hence they expand more than solids. This is the principle behind the mercury thermometers. In the case of gas molecules, the intermolecular forces are almost negligible and hence they expand much more than solids.
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Question 34 of 152
34. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- The increase in dimension of a body due to the increase in its temperature is called thermal expansion
- The expansion in length is called area expansion
Correct
The increase in dimension of a body due to the increase in its temperature is called thermal expansion. The expansion in length is called linear expansion. Similarly, the expansion in area is termed as area expansion.
Incorrect
The increase in dimension of a body due to the increase in its temperature is called thermal expansion. The expansion in length is called linear expansion. Similarly, the expansion in area is termed as area expansion.
-
Question 35 of 152
35. Question
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
- When the lid of a glass bottle is tight, keep the lid near the hot water which makes it easier to open.
- When the hot boiled egg is dropped in cold water, the egg shell can be removed easily.
Correct
When the lid of a glass bottle is tight, keep the lid near the hot water which makes it easier to open. It is because the lid has higher thermal expansion than glass. When the hot boiled egg is dropped in cold water, the egg shell can be removed easily. It is because of the different thermal expansions of the shell and egg.
Incorrect
When the lid of a glass bottle is tight, keep the lid near the hot water which makes it easier to open. It is because the lid has higher thermal expansion than glass. When the hot boiled egg is dropped in cold water, the egg shell can be removed easily. It is because of the different thermal expansions of the shell and egg.
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Question 36 of 152
36. Question
Eiffel tower is made up of iron and its height is roughly 300 m. During winter season (January) in France the temperature is 2°C and in hot summer its average temperature 25°C. Calculate the change in height of Eiffel tower between summer and winter.
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 37 of 152
37. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
1) Liquids expand on heating and contract on cooling at moderate temperatures.
2) water exhibits an anomalous behaviourCorrect
Liquids expand on heating and contract on cooling at moderate temperatures. But water exhibits an anomalous behaviour.
Incorrect
Liquids expand on heating and contract on cooling at moderate temperatures. But water exhibits an anomalous behaviour.
-
Question 38 of 152
38. Question
Water contracts on heating between___ o C and __ o C
Correct
Water contracts on heating between 0˚C and 4˚C. The volume of the given amount of water decreases as it is cooled from room temperature, until it reaches 4˚C.
Incorrect
Water contracts on heating between 0˚C and 4˚C. The volume of the given amount of water decreases as it is cooled from room temperature, until it reaches 4˚C.
-
Question 39 of 152
39. Question
Water has maximum density at_____ o C
Correct
Below 4˚C the volume increases and so the density decreases. This means that the water has a maximum density at 4˚C. This behaviour of water is called anomalous expansion of water.
Incorrect
Below 4˚C the volume increases and so the density decreases. This means that the water has a maximum density at 4˚C. This behaviour of water is called anomalous expansion of water.
-
Question 40 of 152
40. Question
Match the following
I. Melting 1. gas to liquid
II. Sublimation 2. solid to liquid
III. Condensation 3. solid to gas
IV. Freezing 4. liquid to solidCorrect
All matter exists normally in three states as solids, liquids or gases. Matter can be changed from one state to another either by heating or cooling.
1. Melting (solid to liquid) 2. Evaporation (liquid to gas) 3. Sublimation (solid to gas) 4. Freezing / Solidification (liquid to solid) 5. Condensation (gas to liquid)Incorrect
All matter exists normally in three states as solids, liquids or gases. Matter can be changed from one state to another either by heating or cooling.
1. Melting (solid to liquid) 2. Evaporation (liquid to gas) 3. Sublimation (solid to gas) 4. Freezing / Solidification (liquid to solid) 5. Condensation (gas to liquid) -
Question 41 of 152
41. Question
Boiling point of water____ 0 C
Correct
While boiling a pot of water, the temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100 ˚C which is the boiling point of water, and then the temperature remains constant until all the water changes from liquid to gas.
Incorrect
While boiling a pot of water, the temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100 ˚C which is the boiling point of water, and then the temperature remains constant until all the water changes from liquid to gas.
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Question 42 of 152
42. Question
____of a substance is defined as the amount of heat energy required to change the state of a unit mass of the material
Correct
Latent heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat energy required to change the state of a unit mass of the material.
Incorrect
Latent heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat energy required to change the state of a unit mass of the material.
-
Question 43 of 152
43. Question
The SI unit for Latent heat capacity is_____
- J mol
- J mol-1
- J kg-1
- J K-1
Correct
The temperature of water does not increase above its boiling point. This is the concept of latent heat capacity. The SI unit for Latent heat capacity is J kg–1.
Incorrect
The temperature of water does not increase above its boiling point. This is the concept of latent heat capacity. The SI unit for Latent heat capacity is J kg–1.
-
Question 44 of 152
44. Question
Match the following
- Latent heat for a solid – liquid state change 1. latent heat of sublimation
- Latent heat for a liquid – gas state change 2. latent heat of fusion
- Latent heat for a solid – gas state change 3. latent heat of vaporization
Correct
- The latent heat for a solid – liquid state change is called the latent heat of fusion (Lf) • The latent heat for a liquid – gas state change is called the latent heat of vaporization (Lv) • The latent heat for a solid – gas state change is called the latent heat of sublimation (Ls).
Incorrect
- The latent heat for a solid – liquid state change is called the latent heat of fusion (Lf) • The latent heat for a liquid – gas state change is called the latent heat of vaporization (Lv) • The latent heat for a solid – gas state change is called the latent heat of sublimation (Ls).
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Question 45 of 152
45. Question
The triple point of water is at_____ K
Correct
Triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. The triple point of water is at 273.1 K and a partial vapour pressure of 611.657 Pascal.
Incorrect
Triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. The triple point of water is at 273.1 K and a partial vapour pressure of 611.657 Pascal.
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Question 46 of 152
46. Question
_____ means the measurement of the amount of heat released or absorbed by thermodynamic
system during the heating process.Correct
Calorimetry means the measurement of the amount of heat released or absorbed by thermodynamic system during the heating process. When a body at higher temperature is brought in contact with another body at lower temperature, the heat lost by the hot body is equal to the heat gained by the cold body.
Incorrect
Calorimetry means the measurement of the amount of heat released or absorbed by thermodynamic system during the heating process. When a body at higher temperature is brought in contact with another body at lower temperature, the heat lost by the hot body is equal to the heat gained by the cold body.
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Question 47 of 152
47. Question
Heat gained or lost is measured with a______
Correct
Heat gained or lost is measured with a calorimeter. Usually, the calorimeter is an insulated container of water.
Incorrect
Heat gained or lost is measured with a calorimeter. Usually, the calorimeter is an insulated container of water.
-
Question 48 of 152
48. Question
If 5 L of water at 50°C is mixed with 4L of water at 30°C, what will be the final temperature of
water? Take the specific heat capacity of water as 4184 J kg-1 K-1.
- 100 o C
- 40 o C
- 30 o C
- 70 o C
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 49 of 152
49. Question
Final equilibrium temperature of mixing of gas or liquid depends on_____
- Mass of the substance
- Specific heat capacity
- Temperature
Correct
It is important to note that the final equilibrium temperature of mixing of gas or liquid depends on mass of the substances, their specific heat capacities and their temperatures. Only if we mix the same substances at equal amount, the final temperature will be an average of the individual temperatures.
Incorrect
It is important to note that the final equilibrium temperature of mixing of gas or liquid depends on mass of the substances, their specific heat capacities and their temperatures. Only if we mix the same substances at equal amount, the final temperature will be an average of the individual temperatures.
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Question 50 of 152
50. Question
How many modes of heat transfer are there?
Correct
As we have seen already heat is a energy in transit which is transferred from one body to another body due to temperature difference. There are three modes of heat transfer: Conduction, Convection and Radiation.
Incorrect
As we have seen already heat is a energy in transit which is transferred from one body to another body due to temperature difference. There are three modes of heat transfer: Conduction, Convection and Radiation.
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Question 51 of 152
51. Question
____ is the process of direct transfer of heat through matter due to temperature difference
Correct
Conduction is the process of direct transfer of heat through matter due to temperature difference. When two objects are in direct contact with one another, heat will be transferred from the hotter object to the colder one. The objects which allow heat to travel easily through them are called conductors.
Incorrect
Conduction is the process of direct transfer of heat through matter due to temperature difference. When two objects are in direct contact with one another, heat will be transferred from the hotter object to the colder one. The objects which allow heat to travel easily through them are called conductors.
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Question 52 of 152
52. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Thermal conductivity is the ability to conduct heat.
- The quantity of heat transferred through a unit length of a material in a direction normal to unit surface area due to a unit temperature difference under steady state conditions
Correct
Thermal conductivity is the ability to conduct heat. The quantity of heat transferred through a unit length of a material in a direction normal to unit surface area due to a unit temperature difference under steady state conditions is known as thermal conductivity of a material.
Incorrect
Thermal conductivity is the ability to conduct heat. The quantity of heat transferred through a unit length of a material in a direction normal to unit surface area due to a unit temperature difference under steady state conditions is known as thermal conductivity of a material.
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Question 53 of 152
53. Question
The SI unit of thermal conductivity is______
- J s-1 m-1
- J s-1 m K-1
- J s m K-1
- J s-1 m-1 K-1
Correct
In steady state, the rate of flow of heat Q is proportional to the temperature difference ΔT and the area of cross section A and is inversely proportional to the length L. The SI unit of thermal conductivity is J s-1 m-1 K-1 or W m-1 K-1.
Incorrect
In steady state, the rate of flow of heat Q is proportional to the temperature difference ΔT and the area of cross section A and is inversely proportional to the length L. The SI unit of thermal conductivity is J s-1 m-1 K-1 or W m-1 K-1.
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Question 54 of 152
54. Question
Match the thermal conductivity of the material
- Silver 1. 2
- Copper 2. 2300
- Diamond 3. 380
- Ice 4. 420
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 55 of 152
55. Question
Match the following
- Water 1. 0.042
- Air 2. 0.56
- Helium 3. 0.023
- Cork 4. 0.152
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 56 of 152
56. Question
Which of the following have high thermal conductivity?
Correct
Thermal conductivity depends on the nature of the material. For example, silver and aluminium have high thermal conductivities. So, they are used to make cooking vessels.
Incorrect
Thermal conductivity depends on the nature of the material. For example, silver and aluminium have high thermal conductivities. So, they are used to make cooking vessels.
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Question 57 of 152
57. Question
Convection is the process in which heat transfer is by actual movement of molecules in___
Correct
Convection is the process in which heat transfer is by actual movement of molecules in fluids such as liquids and gases. In convection, molecules move freely from one place to another. It happens naturally or forcefully.
Incorrect
Convection is the process in which heat transfer is by actual movement of molecules in fluids such as liquids and gases. In convection, molecules move freely from one place to another. It happens naturally or forcefully.
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Question 58 of 152
58. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- During the day, sun rays warm up the land more quickly than sea water
- It is because water has less specific heat capacity than land
Correct
During the day, sun rays warm up the land more quickly than sea water. It is because land has less specific heat capacity than water. As a result, the air above the land becomes less dense and rises.
Incorrect
During the day, sun rays warm up the land more quickly than sea water. It is because land has less specific heat capacity than water. As a result, the air above the land becomes less dense and rises.
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Question 59 of 152
59. Question
The cooler air above the sea flows to land and it is called____
Correct
During the day, sun rays warm up the land more quickly than sea water. It is because land has less specific heat capacity than water. As a result the air above the land becomes less dense and rises. At the same time the cooler air above the sea flows to land and it is called ‘sea breeze’.
Incorrect
During the day, sun rays warm up the land more quickly than sea water. It is because land has less specific heat capacity than water. As a result the air above the land becomes less dense and rises. At the same time the cooler air above the sea flows to land and it is called ‘sea breeze’.
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Question 60 of 152
60. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- During the night time the land gets cooled faster than sea due to specific heat.
- The air molecules above sea are warmer than air molecules above the land
Correct
During the night time the land gets cooled faster than sea due to the same reason (specific heat). The air molecules above sea are warmer than air molecules above the land. So, air molecules above the sea are replaced by cooler air molecules from the land. It is called ‘land breeze’
Incorrect
During the night time the land gets cooled faster than sea due to the same reason (specific heat). The air molecules above sea are warmer than air molecules above the land. So, air molecules above the sea are replaced by cooler air molecules from the land. It is called ‘land breeze’
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Question 61 of 152
61. Question
Water at the bottom of the pot receives_____
Correct
Boiling water in a cooking pot is an example of convection. Water at the bottom of the pot receives more heat.
Incorrect
Boiling water in a cooking pot is an example of convection. Water at the bottom of the pot receives more heat.
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Question 62 of 152
62. Question
Due to heating, the water_____ and the density of water increases at the bottom
Correct
Boiling water in a cooking pot is an example of convection. Water at the bottom of the pot receives more heat. Due to heating, the water expands and the density of water decreases at the bottom. Due to this decrease in density, molecules rise to the top.
Incorrect
Boiling water in a cooking pot is an example of convection. Water at the bottom of the pot receives more heat. Due to heating, the water expands and the density of water decreases at the bottom. Due to this decrease in density, molecules rise to the top.
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Question 63 of 152
63. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- When we keep our hands near the hot stove we feel the heat even though our hands are not touching the hot stove.
- Heat transferred from the hot stove to our hands is in the form of radiation
Correct
When we keep our hands near the hot stove we feel the heat even though our hands are not touching the hot stove. Here heat transferred from the hot stove to our hands is in the form of radiation. We receive energy from the sun in the form of radiations.
Incorrect
When we keep our hands near the hot stove we feel the heat even though our hands are not touching the hot stove. Here heat transferred from the hot stove to our hands is in the form of radiation. We receive energy from the sun in the form of radiations.
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Question 64 of 152
64. Question
Radiation is a form of energy transfer from one body to another by_______
Correct
The conduction or convection requires medium to transfer the heat. Radiation is a form of energy transfer from one body to another by electromagnetic waves.
Incorrect
The conduction or convection requires medium to transfer the heat. Radiation is a form of energy transfer from one body to another by electromagnetic waves.
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Question 65 of 152
65. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- The parameter temperature is generally thought to be associated with matter
- The visible radiation coming from the Sun is at the temperature of 570 K
- Earth re emits the radiation in the infrared range into space which is at a temperature of around 300K.
Correct
The parameter temperature is generally thought to be associated with matter (solid, liquid and gas). But radiation is also considered as a thermodynamic system which has well defined temperature and pressure. The visible radiation coming from the Sun is at the temperature of 5700 K and the Earth re emits the radiation in the infrared range into space which is at a temperature of around 300K.
Incorrect
The parameter temperature is generally thought to be associated with matter (solid, liquid and gas). But radiation is also considered as a thermodynamic system which has well defined temperature and pressure. The visible radiation coming from the Sun is at the temperature of 5700 K and the Earth re emits the radiation in the infrared range into space which is at a temperature of around 300K.
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Question 66 of 152
66. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Newton’s law of cooling states that the rate of loss of heat of a body is directly proportional to the difference in the temperature between that body and its surroundings
- Newton’s law of cooling states that the rate of loss of heat of a body is indirectly proportional to the difference in the temperature between that body and its surroundings
Correct
Newton’s law of cooling states that the rate of loss of heat of a body is directly proportional to the difference in the temperature between that body and its surroundings
Incorrect
Newton’s law of cooling states that the rate of loss of heat of a body is directly proportional to the difference in the temperature between that body and its surroundings
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Question 67 of 152
67. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Every object emits heat radiations at all finite temperatures (except 0 K) as well as it absorbs radiations from the surroundings
- If you touch someone, they might feel your skin as either hot or cold is an example
Correct
Every object emits heat radiations at all finite temperatures (except 0 K) as well as it absorbs radiations from the surroundings. For example, if you touch someone, they might feel your skin as either hot or cold.
Incorrect
Every object emits heat radiations at all finite temperatures (except 0 K) as well as it absorbs radiations from the surroundings. For example, if you touch someone, they might feel your skin as either hot or cold.
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Question 68 of 152
68. Question
A body at high temperature_____ to the surroundings
Correct
A body at high temperature radiates more heat to the surroundings than it receives from it. Similarly, a body at a lower temperature receives more heat from the surroundings than it loses to it.
Incorrect
A body at high temperature radiates more heat to the surroundings than it receives from it. Similarly, a body at a lower temperature receives more heat from the surroundings than it loses to it.
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Question 69 of 152
69. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Prevost applied the idea of ‘thermal equilibrium’ to radiation
- He suggested that all bodies radiate energy but hot bodies radiate more heat than the cooler bodies.
- Only at absolute zero temperature a body will stop emitting
Correct
Prevost applied the idea of ‘thermal equilibrium’ to radiation. He suggested that all bodies radiate energy but hot bodies radiate more heat than the cooler bodies. At one point of time the rate of exchange of heat from both the bodies will become the same. Now the bodies are said to be in ‘thermal equilibrium’. Only at absolute zero temperature a body will stop emitting. Therefore, Prevost theory states that all bodies emit thermal radiation at all temperatures above absolute zero irrespective of the nature of the surroundings.
Incorrect
Prevost applied the idea of ‘thermal equilibrium’ to radiation. He suggested that all bodies radiate energy but hot bodies radiate more heat than the cooler bodies. At one point of time the rate of exchange of heat from both the bodies will become the same. Now the bodies are said to be in ‘thermal equilibrium’. Only at absolute zero temperature a body will stop emitting. Therefore, Prevost theory states that all bodies emit thermal radiation at all temperatures above absolute zero irrespective of the nature of the surroundings.
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Question 70 of 152
70. Question
Which equation about Stefan Boltzmann law is correct?
- E ∝ T4
- E ∝ T3
- E ∝ T6
- E ∝ T2
Correct
Stefan Boltzmann law states that, the total amount of heat radiated per second per unit area of a black body is directly proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature.
Incorrect
Stefan Boltzmann law states that, the total amount of heat radiated per second per unit area of a black body is directly proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature.
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Question 71 of 152
71. Question
E = e σ T4, e in the equation is_____
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 72 of 152
72. Question
The wavelengths of radiations depend on the object’s______
Correct
In the universe every object emits radiation. The wavelengths of these radiations depend on the object’s absolute temperature. These radiations have different wavelengths and all the emitted wavelengths will not have equal intensity.
Incorrect
In the universe every object emits radiation. The wavelengths of these radiations depend on the object’s absolute temperature. These radiations have different wavelengths and all the emitted wavelengths will not have equal intensity.
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Question 73 of 152
73. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Wien’s law states that, the wavelength of maximum intensity of emission of a black body radiation is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the black body
- Wien’s law states that, the wavelength of maximum intensity of emission of a black body radiation is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature of the black body
Correct
Wien’s law states that, the wavelength of maximum intensity of emission of a black body radiation is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature of the black body
Incorrect
Wien’s law states that, the wavelength of maximum intensity of emission of a black body radiation is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature of the black body
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Question 74 of 152
74. Question
Wien constant value is____
- 898× 10-7 m K
- 898× 10-2 m K
- 898× 10-5 m K
- 898× 10-3 m K
Correct
Where, b is known as Wien’s constant. Its value is 2.898× 10-3 m K It implies that if temperature of the body increases, maximal intensity wavelength (λ m) shifts towards lower wavelength (higher frequency) of electromagnetic spectrum.
Incorrect
Where, b is known as Wien’s constant. Its value is 2.898× 10-3 m K It implies that if temperature of the body increases, maximal intensity wavelength (λ m) shifts towards lower wavelength (higher frequency) of electromagnetic spectrum.
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Question 75 of 152
75. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- The Sun is approximately taken as a black body.
- It is the wavelength at which maximum intensity is 508nm
- Since the Sun’s temperature is around 5700K, the spectrum of radiations emitted by Sun lie between 400 nm to 700 nm which is the visible part of the spectrum
Correct
The Sun is approximately taken as a black body. Since any object above 0 K will emit radiation, Sun also emits radiation. Its surface temperature is about 5700 K. It is the wavelength at which maximum intensity is 508nm. Since the Sun’s temperature is around 5700K, the spectrum of radiations emitted by Sun lie between 400 nm to 700 nm which is the visible part of the spectrum.
Incorrect
The Sun is approximately taken as a black body. Since any object above 0 K will emit radiation, Sun also emits radiation. Its surface temperature is about 5700 K. It is the wavelength at which maximum intensity is 508nm. Since the Sun’s temperature is around 5700K, the spectrum of radiations emitted by Sun lie between 400 nm to 700 nm which is the visible part of the spectrum.
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Question 76 of 152
76. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- The humans evolved under the Sun by receiving its radiations.
- Suppose if humans had evolved in a planet near the star Sirius (9940K), then they would have had the ability to see the Ultraviolet rays
Correct
The humans evolved under the Sun by receiving its radiations. The human eye is sensitive only in the visible not in infrared or X-ray ranges in the spectrum. Suppose if humans had evolved in a planet near the star Sirius (9940K), then they would have had the ability to see the Ultraviolet rays.
Incorrect
The humans evolved under the Sun by receiving its radiations. The human eye is sensitive only in the visible not in infrared or X-ray ranges in the spectrum. Suppose if humans had evolved in a planet near the star Sirius (9940K), then they would have had the ability to see the Ultraviolet rays.
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Question 77 of 152
77. Question
_____ branch of physics deals with laws governing the process of conversion of work into heat
and conversion of heat into work
Correct
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which describes the laws governing the process of conversion of work into heat and conversion of heat into work.
Incorrect
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which describes the laws governing the process of conversion of work into heat and conversion of heat into work.
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Question 78 of 152
78. Question
Who among the following formulated laws of thermodynamics?
- Boyle
- Charles
- Kelvin
Correct
The laws of thermodynamics are formulated over three centuries of experimental works of Boyle, Charles, Bernoulli, Joule, Clausius, Kelvin, Carnot and Helmholtz. In our day to day life, the functioning of everything around us and even our body is governed by the laws of thermodynamics.
Incorrect
The laws of thermodynamics are formulated over three centuries of experimental works of Boyle, Charles, Bernoulli, Joule, Clausius, Kelvin, Carnot and Helmholtz. In our day to day life, the functioning of everything around us and even our body is governed by the laws of thermodynamics.
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Question 79 of 152
79. Question
Which of the following parameters can be used to specify thermodynamics?
- Volume
- Temperature
- Pressure
Correct
A thermodynamic system is a finite part of the universe. It is a collection of large number of particles (atoms and molecules) specified by certain parameters called pressure (P), Volume (V) and Temperature (T). The remaining part of the universe is called surrounding. Both are separated by a boundary.
Incorrect
A thermodynamic system is a finite part of the universe. It is a collection of large number of particles (atoms and molecules) specified by certain parameters called pressure (P), Volume (V) and Temperature (T). The remaining part of the universe is called surrounding. Both are separated by a boundary.
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Question 80 of 152
80. Question
Which of the following are thermodynamic system?
- Bucket of water
- Sea of water
- Human body
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 81 of 152
81. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Open system can exchange both matter and energy with the environment
- Isolated system can exchange neither energy nor matter with the environment
Correct
Open system can exchange both matter and energy with the environment. Closed system exchange energy but not matter with the environment. Isolated system can exchange neither energy nor matter with the environment.
Incorrect
Open system can exchange both matter and energy with the environment. Closed system exchange energy but not matter with the environment. Isolated system can exchange neither energy nor matter with the environment.
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Question 82 of 152
82. Question
When a hot cup of coffee is kept in the room, heat flows from______
Correct
When a hot cup of coffee is kept in the room, heat flows from coffee to the surrounding air. After sometime the coffee reaches the same temperature as the surrounding air and there will be no heat flow from coffee to air or air to coffee. It implies that the coffee and surrounding air are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Incorrect
When a hot cup of coffee is kept in the room, heat flows from coffee to the surrounding air. After sometime the coffee reaches the same temperature as the surrounding air and there will be no heat flow from coffee to air or air to coffee. It implies that the coffee and surrounding air are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
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Question 83 of 152
83. Question
Two systems are said to be in thermal equilibrium with each other if they are at____ temperature
Correct
Two systems are said to be in thermal equilibrium with each other if they are at the same temperature, which will not change with time.
Incorrect
Two systems are said to be in thermal equilibrium with each other if they are at the same temperature, which will not change with time.
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Question 84 of 152
84. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- A system is said to be in mechanical equilibrium if no unbalanced force acts on the thermo dynamic system or on the surrounding by thermodynamic system
- When some mass is placed on the piston where filled with gas, it will move downward due to downward gravitational force and after certain humps and jumps the piston will come to rest at a new position
Correct
Consider a gas container with piston as shown in Figure 8.17. When some mass is placed on the piston, it will move downward due to downward gravitational force and after certain humps and jumps the piston will come to rest at a new position. When the downward gravitational force given by the piston is balanced by the upward force exerted by the gas, the system is said to be in mechanical equilibrium. A system is said to be in mechanical equilibrium if no unbalanced force acts on the thermo dynamic system or on the surrounding by thermodynamic system.
Incorrect
Consider a gas container with piston as shown in Figure 8.17. When some mass is placed on the piston, it will move downward due to downward gravitational force and after certain humps and jumps the piston will come to rest at a new position. When the downward gravitational force given by the piston is balanced by the upward force exerted by the gas, the system is said to be in mechanical equilibrium. A system is said to be in mechanical equilibrium if no unbalanced force acts on the thermo dynamic system or on the surrounding by thermodynamic system.
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Question 85 of 152
85. Question
If two systems are set to be in thermodynamic equilibrium, then the systems are at____
Equilibrium
Correct
If two systems are set to be in thermodynamic equilibrium, then the systems are at thermal, mechanical and chemical equilibrium with each other. In a state of thermo-dynamic equilibrium the macroscopic variables such as pressure, volume and temperature will have fixed values and do not change with time.
Incorrect
If two systems are set to be in thermodynamic equilibrium, then the systems are at thermal, mechanical and chemical equilibrium with each other. In a state of thermo-dynamic equilibrium the macroscopic variables such as pressure, volume and temperature will have fixed values and do not change with time.
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Question 86 of 152
86. Question
In mechanics, which of the following are used to explain the state of any moving object?
- Velocity
- Mass
- Momentum
- Acceleration
Correct
In mechanics velocity, momentum and acceleration are used to explain the state of any moving object. If there is no net chemical reaction between two thermodynamic systems in contact with each other then it is said to be in chemical equilibrium.
Incorrect
In mechanics velocity, momentum and acceleration are used to explain the state of any moving object. If there is no net chemical reaction between two thermodynamic systems in contact with each other then it is said to be in chemical equilibrium.
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Question 87 of 152
87. Question
Which of the following are thermodynamic variables?
Correct
In thermodynamics, the state of a thermodynamic system is represented by a set of variables called thermodynamic variables. Examples: Pressure, temperature, volume and internal energy, etc.
Incorrect
In thermodynamics, the state of a thermodynamic system is represented by a set of variables called thermodynamic variables. Examples: Pressure, temperature, volume and internal energy, etc.
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Question 88 of 152
88. Question
Which of the following are process variables in thermodynamics?
- Work
- Pressure
- Heat
Correct
The values of these variables completely describe the equilibrium state of a thermodynamic system. Heat and work are not state variables rather they are process variables.
Incorrect
The values of these variables completely describe the equilibrium state of a thermodynamic system. Heat and work are not state variables rather they are process variables.
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Question 89 of 152
89. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Extensive variable depends on the size or mass of the system
- Temperature and pressure are examples of extensive variable
Correct
Extensive variable depends on the size or mass of the system. Example: Volume, total mass, entropy, internal energy, heat capacity etc.
Incorrect
Extensive variable depends on the size or mass of the system. Example: Volume, total mass, entropy, internal energy, heat capacity etc.
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Question 90 of 152
90. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Intensive variables depend on the size or mass of the system.
- Example are Temperature, pressure, specific heat capacity, density etc.
Correct
Intensive variables do not depend on the size or mass of the system. Example: Temperature, pressure, specific heat capacity, density etc.
Incorrect
Intensive variables do not depend on the size or mass of the system. Example: Temperature, pressure, specific heat capacity, density etc.
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Question 91 of 152
91. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- The equation which connects the state variables in a specific manner is called equation of state
- A thermodynamic equilibrium is completely specified by pressure, volume, temperature state variables by the equation of state
Correct
The equation which connects the state variables in a specific manner is called equation of state. A thermodynamic equilibrium is completely specified by pressure, volume, temperature state variables by the equation of state. If the system is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, then these equations cannot specify the state of the system.
Incorrect
The equation which connects the state variables in a specific manner is called equation of state. A thermodynamic equilibrium is completely specified by pressure, volume, temperature state variables by the equation of state. If the system is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, then these equations cannot specify the state of the system.
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Question 92 of 152
92. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- An ideal gas obeys the equation PV = NkT at thermodynamic equilibrium.
- Since all four macroscopic variables (P, V, T and N) are connected by this equation, we cannot change one variable alone
Correct
An ideal gas obeys the equation PV = NkT at thermodynamic equilibrium. Since all four macroscopic variables (P, V, T and N) are connected by this equation, we cannot change one variable alone. For example, if we push the piston of a gas container, the volume of the gas will decrease but pressure will increase or if heat is supplied to the gas, its temperature will increase, pressure and volume of the gas may also increase.
Incorrect
An ideal gas obeys the equation PV = NkT at thermodynamic equilibrium. Since all four macroscopic variables (P, V, T and N) are connected by this equation, we cannot change one variable alone. For example, if we push the piston of a gas container, the volume of the gas will decrease but pressure will increase or if heat is supplied to the gas, its temperature will increase, pressure and volume of the gas may also increase.
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Question 93 of 152
93. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- There is another example of equation of state called van der Waals equation.
- The air molecules in the room truly obey van der Waals equation of state.
Correct
There is another example of equation of state called van der Waals equation. Real gases obey this equation at thermodynamic equilibrium. The air molecules in the room truly obey van der Waals equation of state. But at room temperature with low density we can approximate it into an ideal gas.
Incorrect
There is another example of equation of state called van der Waals equation. Real gases obey this equation at thermodynamic equilibrium. The air molecules in the room truly obey van der Waals equation of state. But at room temperature with low density we can approximate it into an ideal gas.
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Question 94 of 152
94. Question
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
- The zeroth law of thermodynamics states thermal equilibrium between systems
- It states that if two systems, A and B, are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other
Correct
The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two systems, A and B, are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Incorrect
The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two systems, A and B, are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
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Question 95 of 152
95. Question
.____ is the property which determines whether the system is in thermal equilibrium with other systems or not.
Correct
Temperature is the property which determines whether the system is in thermal equilibrium with other systems or not. Zeroth law enables us to determine the temperature.
Incorrect
Temperature is the property which determines whether the system is in thermal equilibrium with other systems or not. Zeroth law enables us to determine the temperature.
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Question 96 of 152
96. Question
______ principle is used in finding the body temperature
Correct
Zeroth law enables us to determine the temperature. For example, when a thermometer is kept in contact with a human body, it reaches thermal equilibrium with the body. At this condition, the temperature of the thermometer will be same as the human body. This principle is used in finding the body temperature.
Incorrect
Zeroth law enables us to determine the temperature. For example, when a thermometer is kept in contact with a human body, it reaches thermal equilibrium with the body. At this condition, the temperature of the thermometer will be same as the human body. This principle is used in finding the body temperature.
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Question 97 of 152
97. Question
The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is_______
Correct
The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the sum of kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules of the system with respect to the centre of mass of the system.
Incorrect
The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the sum of kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules of the system with respect to the centre of mass of the system.
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Question 98 of 152
98. Question
The energy due to molecular interaction is called_______
Correct
The energy due to molecular interaction is called internal potential energy (EP). Example: Bond energy.
Incorrect
The energy due to molecular interaction is called internal potential energy (EP). Example: Bond energy.
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Question 99 of 152
99. Question
Which of the following are included in internal kinetic energy?
- Rotational motion
- Translational motion
- Vibrational motion
Correct
The energy due to molecular motion including translational, rotational and vibrational motion is called internal kinetic energy (EK).
Incorrect
The energy due to molecular motion including translational, rotational and vibrational motion is called internal kinetic energy (EK).
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Question 100 of 152
100. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Internal energy is a state variable
- It depends only on the initial state of the thermodynamic system
Correct
Internal energy is a state variable. It depends only on the initial and final states of the thermodynamic system. For example, if the temperature of water is raised from 30°C to 40°C either by heating or by stirring, the final internal energy depends only on the final temperature 40°C and not the way it is arrived at.
Incorrect
Internal energy is a state variable. It depends only on the initial and final states of the thermodynamic system. For example, if the temperature of water is raised from 30°C to 40°C either by heating or by stirring, the final internal energy depends only on the final temperature 40°C and not the way it is arrived at.
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Question 101 of 152
101. Question
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
- It is very important to note that the internal energy of a thermodynamic system is associated with only the kinetic energy of the individual molecule
- The bulk kinetic energy of the entire system or gravitational potential energy of the system should not be mistaken as a part of internal energy
Correct
It is very important to note that the internal energy of a thermodynamic system is associated with only the kinetic energy of the individual molecule due to its random motion and the potential energy of molecules which depends on their chemical nature. The bulk kinetic energy of the entire system or gravitational potential energy of the system should not be mistaken as a part of internal energy.
Incorrect
It is very important to note that the internal energy of a thermodynamic system is associated with only the kinetic energy of the individual molecule due to its random motion and the potential energy of molecules which depends on their chemical nature. The bulk kinetic energy of the entire system or gravitational potential energy of the system should not be mistaken as a part of internal energy.
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Question 102 of 152
102. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- It is to be noted that heat does not always increases the internal energy
- We can see that in ideal gases during isothermal process the internal energy will increase
Correct
It is to be noted that heat does not always increases the internal energy. Later we shall see that in ideal gases during isothermal process the internal energy will not increase even though heat flows in to the system.
Incorrect
It is to be noted that heat does not always increases the internal energy. Later we shall see that in ideal gases during isothermal process the internal energy will not increase even though heat flows in to the system.
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Question 103 of 152
103. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- The temperature of an object can be increased by heating it or by doing some work on it.
- Due to the turning of wheel inside water, frictional force comes in between the water and the paddle wheel.
- Friction will increase the heat
Correct
The temperature of an object can be increased by heating it or by doing some work on it. In the eighteenth century, James Prescott Joule showed that mechanical energy can be converted into internal energy and vice versa. In his experiment, two masses were attached with a rope and a paddle wheel as shown in Figure 8.19. When these masses fall through a distance h due to gravity, both the masses lose potential energy equal to 2mgh. When the masses fall, the paddle wheel turns. Due to the turning of wheel inside water, frictional force comes in between the water and the paddle wheel. This causes a rise in temperature of the water.
Incorrect
The temperature of an object can be increased by heating it or by doing some work on it. In the eighteenth century, James Prescott Joule showed that mechanical energy can be converted into internal energy and vice versa. In his experiment, two masses were attached with a rope and a paddle wheel as shown in Figure 8.19. When these masses fall through a distance h due to gravity, both the masses lose potential energy equal to 2mgh. When the masses fall, the paddle wheel turns. Due to the turning of wheel inside water, frictional force comes in between the water and the paddle wheel. This causes a rise in temperature of the water.
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Question 104 of 152
104. Question
1 Cal =_____
Correct
In fact, Joule was able to show that the mechanical work has the same effect as giving heat. He found that to raise 1 g of an object by 1°C, 4.186 J of energy is required. In earlier days the heat was measured in calorie. 1 Cal = 4.186 J
Incorrect
In fact, Joule was able to show that the mechanical work has the same effect as giving heat. He found that to raise 1 g of an object by 1°C, 4.186 J of energy is required. In earlier days the heat was measured in calorie. 1 Cal = 4.186 J
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Question 105 of 152
105. Question
A student had a breakfast of 200 food calories. He thinks of burning this energy by drawing
water from the well and watering the trees in his school. Depth of the well is about 25 m. The pot can hold 25L of water and each tree requires one pot of water. How many trees can he water?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 106 of 152
106. Question
The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of______
Correct
The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the law of conservation of energy. In Newtonian mechanics conservation of energy involves kinetic and potential energies of bulk objects.
Incorrect
The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the law of conservation of energy. In Newtonian mechanics conservation of energy involves kinetic and potential energies of bulk objects.
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Question 107 of 152
107. Question
Match the following
- Heat flows into the system 1. W is positive
- Heat flows out of the system 2. W is negative
- Work done on the system 3. Internal energy increases
- Work done by the system 4. Internal energy decreases
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 108 of 152
108. Question
1st law of thermodynamics is applicable to____
Correct
Even though we often explain first law of thermodynamics using gases, this law is universal and applies to liquids and solids also.
Incorrect
Even though we often explain first law of thermodynamics using gases, this law is universal and applies to liquids and solids also.
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Question 109 of 152
109. Question
. A person does 30 kJ work on 2 kg of water by stirring using a paddle wheel. While stirring,
around 5 kcal of heat is released from water through its container to the surface and surroundings by thermal conduction and radiation. What is the change in internal energy of the system?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 110 of 152
110. Question
Jogging every day is good for health. Assume that when you jog a work of 500 kJ is done and
230 kJ of heat is given off. What is the change in internal energy of your body?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 111 of 152
111. Question
A gas expands from volume 1m3 to 2m3 at constant atmospheric pressure. Calculate the work
done by the gas. (kJ)
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 112 of 152
112. Question
Which of the following has two specific heat capacity?
Correct
Specific heat capacity of a given system plays a very important role in determining the structure and molecular nature of the system. Unlike solids and liquids, gases have two specific heats: specific heat capacity at constant pressure (sp) and specific heat capacity at constant volume (sv).
Incorrect
Specific heat capacity of a given system plays a very important role in determining the structure and molecular nature of the system. Unlike solids and liquids, gases have two specific heats: specific heat capacity at constant pressure (sp) and specific heat capacity at constant volume (sv).
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Question 113 of 152
113. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kg of a substance by 1 K or 1°C by keeping the pressure constant is called specific heat capacity at constant pressure
- When the heat energy is supplied to the gas, it contracts to keep the pressure constant
Correct
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kg of a substance by 1 K or 1°C by keeping the pressure constant is called specific heat capacity of at constant pressure. When the heat energy is supplied to the gas, it expands to keep the pressure constant.
Incorrect
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kg of a substance by 1 K or 1°C by keeping the pressure constant is called specific heat capacity of at constant pressure. When the heat energy is supplied to the gas, it expands to keep the pressure constant.
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Question 114 of 152
114. Question
What work does the heat energy do when gas is heated under constant pressure?
- Expansion of gas
- Increase external energy of gas
- Increase internal energy of gas
Correct
In this process of heating gas under constant pressure, a part of the heat energy is used for doing work (expansion) and the remaining part is used to increase the internal energy of the gas.
Incorrect
In this process of heating gas under constant pressure, a part of the heat energy is used for doing work (expansion) and the remaining part is used to increase the internal energy of the gas.
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Question 115 of 152
115. Question
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by 1K or 1°C at
constant volume is called_____ at constant pressure
Correct
Sometimes it is useful to calculate the molar heat capacities Cp and Cv. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by 1K or 1°C at constant volume is called molar specific heat capacity at constant volume (Cv). If pressure is kept constant, it is called molar specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp).
Incorrect
Sometimes it is useful to calculate the molar heat capacities Cp and Cv. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by 1K or 1°C at constant volume is called molar specific heat capacity at constant volume (Cv). If pressure is kept constant, it is called molar specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp).
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Question 116 of 152
116. Question
Which of the following statement about Meyer’s relation is correct?
- It implies that the molar specific heat capacity of an ideal gas at constant pressure is greater than molar specific heat capacity at constant volume.
- It implies that the molar specific heat capacity of an ideal gas at constant pressure is lesser than molar specific heat capacity at constant volume.
Correct
Meyer’s relation implies that the molar specific heat capacity of an ideal gas at constant pressure is greater than molar specific heat capacity at constant volume.
Incorrect
Meyer’s relation implies that the molar specific heat capacity of an ideal gas at constant pressure is greater than molar specific heat capacity at constant volume.
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Question 117 of 152
117. Question
Which of the following is constant is Isothermal process?
Correct
Isothermal process is a process in which the temperature remains constant but the pressure and volume of a thermodynamic system will change.
Incorrect
Isothermal process is a process in which the temperature remains constant but the pressure and volume of a thermodynamic system will change.
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Question 118 of 152
118. Question
All biological processes occur at constant body temperature of____ o C
Correct
When water is heated, at the boiling point, even when heat flows to water, the temperature will not increase unless the water completely evaporates. Similarly, at the freezing point, when the ice melts to water, the temperature of ice will not increase even when heat is supplied to ice. All biological processes occur at constant body temperature (37°C).
Incorrect
When water is heated, at the boiling point, even when heat flows to water, the temperature will not increase unless the water completely evaporates. Similarly, at the freezing point, when the ice melts to water, the temperature of ice will not increase even when heat is supplied to ice. All biological processes occur at constant body temperature (37°C).
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Question 119 of 152
119. Question
To calculate the work done in an isothermal process, we assume that the process is_____
Correct
To calculate the work done in an isothermal process, we assume that the process is quasi-static. If it is not quasi-static, we cannot substitute P = µRT/V in equation.
Incorrect
To calculate the work done in an isothermal process, we assume that the process is quasi-static. If it is not quasi-static, we cannot substitute P = µRT/V in equation.
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Question 120 of 152
120. Question
A 0.5 mole of gas at temperature 300 K expands isothermally from initial volume of 2 L to 6 L.
What is the work done by the gas?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 121 of 152
121. Question
A 0.5 mole of gas at temperature 300 K expands isothermally from an initial volume of 2 L to 6
L What is the final pressure of the gas? (The value of gas constant, R = 8.31 J mol-1 K-1)
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 122 of 152
122. Question
In which process no heat flows into or out of the system?
Correct
Adiabatic process is a process in which no heat flows into or out of the system (Q=0). Where Q value will be Zero in the system.
Incorrect
Adiabatic process is a process in which no heat flows into or out of the system (Q=0). Where Q value will be Zero in the system.
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Question 123 of 152
123. Question
Which of the following may change in adiabatic process?
- Volume
- Pressure
- Temperature
Correct
In an Adiabatic process, the gas can expand by spending its internal energy or gas can be compressed through some external work. So, the pressure, volume and temperature of the system may change in an adiabatic process.
Incorrect
In an Adiabatic process, the gas can expand by spending its internal energy or gas can be compressed through some external work. So, the pressure, volume and temperature of the system may change in an adiabatic process.
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Question 124 of 152
124. Question
For an adiabatic process, the first law becomes_____
Correct
For an adiabatic process, the first law becomes ΔU = −W. This implies that the work is done by the gas at the expense of internal energy or work is done on the system which increases its internal energy.
Incorrect
For an adiabatic process, the first law becomes ΔU = −W. This implies that the work is done by the gas at the expense of internal energy or work is done on the system which increases its internal energy.
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Question 125 of 152
125. Question
When the warm air rises from the surface of the Earth, it_____
Correct
When the warm air rises from the surface of the Earth, it adiabatically expands. As a result, the water vapor cools and condenses into water droplets forming a cloud.
Incorrect
When the warm air rises from the surface of the Earth, it adiabatically expands. As a result, the water vapor cools and condenses into water droplets forming a cloud.
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Question 126 of 152
126. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- When the piston is compressed so quickly that there is no time to exchange heat to the surrounding, the temperature of the gas increases rapidly
- This principle is used in the petrol engine
- The air-gasoline mixer is compressed so quickly (adiabatic compression) that the temperature increases enormously, which is enough to produce a spark
Correct
When the piston is compressed so quickly that there is no time to exchange heat to the surrounding, the temperature of the gas increases rapidly. This is shown in the figure. This principle is used in the diesel engine. The air-gasoline mixer is compressed so quickly (adiabatic compression) that the temperature increases enormously, which is enough to produce a spark.
Incorrect
When the piston is compressed so quickly that there is no time to exchange heat to the surrounding, the temperature of the gas increases rapidly. This is shown in the figure. This principle is used in the diesel engine. The air-gasoline mixer is compressed so quickly (adiabatic compression) that the temperature increases enormously, which is enough to produce a spark.
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Question 127 of 152
127. Question
Which of the following is constant in Isobaric process?
Correct
Isobaric process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at constant pressure. Even though pressure is constant in this process, temperature, volume and internal energy are not constant.
Incorrect
Isobaric process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at constant pressure. Even though pressure is constant in this process, temperature, volume and internal energy are not constant.
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Question 128 of 152
128. Question
Most of the cooking processes in our kitchen are_____ process
Correct
Most of the cooking processes in our kitchen are isobaric processes. When the food is cooked in an open vessel, the pressure above the food is always at atmospheric pressure.
Incorrect
Most of the cooking processes in our kitchen are isobaric processes. When the food is cooked in an open vessel, the pressure above the food is always at atmospheric pressure.
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Question 129 of 152
129. Question
Which of the following is constant in Isochoric process?
Correct
Isochoric process is a thermodynamic process in which the volume of the system is kept constant. But pressure, temperature and internal energy continue to be variables.
Incorrect
Isochoric process is a thermodynamic process in which the volume of the system is kept constant. But pressure, temperature and internal energy continue to be variables.
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Question 130 of 152
130. Question
How many processes does petrol engine undergo?
Correct
In automobiles the petrol engine undergoes four processes. First the piston is adiabatically compressed to some volume as shown. In the second process, the volume of the air-fuel mixture is kept constant and heat is being added. As a result, the temperature and pressure are increased. This is an isochoric process. For a third stroke there will be an adiabatic expansion, and fourth stroke again isochoric process by keeping the piston immoveable.
Incorrect
In automobiles the petrol engine undergoes four processes. First the piston is adiabatically compressed to some volume as shown. In the second process, the volume of the air-fuel mixture is kept constant and heat is being added. As a result, the temperature and pressure are increased. This is an isochoric process. For a third stroke there will be an adiabatic expansion, and fourth stroke again isochoric process by keeping the piston immoveable.
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Question 131 of 152
131. Question
500 g of water is heated from 30°C to 60°C. Ignoring the slight expansion of water, calculate the change in internal energy of the water? (specific heat of water 4184 J/kg.K).
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 132 of 152
132. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- When a hot object is in contact with a cold object, heat always flows from the hot object to cold object
- Heat does not flow in reverse direction
- In nature the direction of heat flow is always from higher temperature to lower temperature.
Correct
When a hot object is in contact with a cold object, heat always flows from the hot object to cold object but not in the reverse direction. According to first law, it is possible for the energy to flow from hot object to cold object or from cold object to hot object. But in nature the direction of heat flow is always from higher temperature to lower temperature.
Incorrect
When a hot object is in contact with a cold object, heat always flows from the hot object to cold object but not in the reverse direction. According to first law, it is possible for the energy to flow from hot object to cold object or from cold object to hot object. But in nature the direction of heat flow is always from higher temperature to lower temperature.
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Question 133 of 152
133. Question
When brakes are applied, work done against friction is converted into_____
Correct
When brakes are applied, a car stops due to friction and the work done against friction is converted into heat. But this heat is not reconverted to the kinetic energy of the car. So the first law is not sufficient to explain many of natural phenomena.
Incorrect
When brakes are applied, a car stops due to friction and the work done against friction is converted into heat. But this heat is not reconverted to the kinetic energy of the car. So the first law is not sufficient to explain many of natural phenomena.
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Question 134 of 152
134. Question
Which of the following are the conditions for reversible process?
- The process should proceed at an extremely slow rate
- The system should remain in mechanical, thermal and chemical equilibrium state at all the times with the surroundings, during the process.
- No dissipative forces such as friction, viscosity, electrical resistance should be present
Correct
A quasi–static isothermal expansion of gas, slow compression and expansion of a spring.
Conditions for reversible process:
- The process should proceed at an extremely slow rate.
- The system should remain in mechanical, thermal and chemical equilibrium state at all the times with the surroundings, during the process.
- No dissipative forces such as friction, viscosity, electrical resistance should be present.
Incorrect
A quasi–static isothermal expansion of gas, slow compression and expansion of a spring.
Conditions for reversible process:
- The process should proceed at an extremely slow rate.
- The system should remain in mechanical, thermal and chemical equilibrium state at all the times with the surroundings, during the process.
- No dissipative forces such as friction, viscosity, electrical resistance should be present.
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Question 135 of 152
135. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- All-natural processes are irreversible.
- Irreversible process can be plotted in a PV diagram
Correct
All-natural processes are irreversible. Irreversible process cannot be plotted in a PV diagram, because these processes cannot have unique values of pressure, temperature at every stage of the process.
Incorrect
All-natural processes are irreversible. Irreversible process cannot be plotted in a PV diagram, because these processes cannot have unique values of pressure, temperature at every stage of the process.
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Question 136 of 152
136. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- In the modern technological world, the role of automobile engines plays a vital role in for transportation.
- In motor bikes and cars there are engines which take in petrol or diesel as input, and do work by rotating wheels
Correct
In the modern technological world, the role of automobile engines plays a vital role in for transportation. In motor bikes and cars there are engines which take in petrol or diesel as input, and do work by rotating wheels.
Incorrect
In the modern technological world, the role of automobile engines plays a vital role in for transportation. In motor bikes and cars there are engines which take in petrol or diesel as input, and do work by rotating wheels.
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Question 137 of 152
137. Question
Most of these automobile engines have efficiency not greater than____ %
Correct
Most of these automobile engines have efficiency not greater than 40%. The second law of thermodynamics puts a fundamental restriction on efficiency of engines. Therefore, understanding heat engines is very important.
Incorrect
Most of these automobile engines have efficiency not greater than 40%. The second law of thermodynamics puts a fundamental restriction on efficiency of engines. Therefore, understanding heat engines is very important.
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Question 138 of 152
138. Question
______ is defined as a thermodynamic system which has very large heat capacity
Correct
Reservoir is defined as a thermodynamic system which has very large heat capacity. By taking in heat from reservoir or giving heat to reservoir, the reservoir’s temperature does not change.
Incorrect
Reservoir is defined as a thermodynamic system which has very large heat capacity. By taking in heat from reservoir or giving heat to reservoir, the reservoir’s temperature does not change.
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Question 139 of 152
139. Question
How many parts are there in heat engine?
Correct
Heat engine is a device which takes heat as input and converts this heat in to work by undergoing a cyclic process. A heat engine has three parts: (a) Hot reservoir (b) Working substance (c) Cold reservoir.
Incorrect
Heat engine is a device which takes heat as input and converts this heat in to work by undergoing a cyclic process. A heat engine has three parts: (a) Hot reservoir (b) Working substance (c) Cold reservoir.
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Question 140 of 152
140. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- The heat engine works in a cyclic process.
- After a cyclic process it returns to the same state
- The change in the internal energy of the heat engine is infinity
Correct
The heat engine works in a cyclic process. After a cyclic process it returns to the same state. Since the heat engine returns to the same state after it ejects heat, the change in the internal energy of the heat engine is zero
Incorrect
The heat engine works in a cyclic process. After a cyclic process it returns to the same state. Since the heat engine returns to the same state after it ejects heat, the change in the internal energy of the heat engine is zero
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Question 141 of 152
141. Question
Which of the following statement about Kelvin Planck statement is correct?
- It is impossible to construct a heat engine that operates in a cycle, whose sole effect is to convert the heat completely into work
- This implies that no heat engine in the universe can have 100% efficiency.
Correct
Kelvin-Planck statement:
It is impossible to construct a heat engine that operates in a cycle, whose sole effect is to convert the heat completely into work. This implies that no heat engine in the universe can have 100% efficiency.
Incorrect
Kelvin-Planck statement:
It is impossible to construct a heat engine that operates in a cycle, whose sole effect is to convert the heat completely into work. This implies that no heat engine in the universe can have 100% efficiency.
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Question 142 of 152
142. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- According to first law of thermodynamics, in an isothermal process the given heat is completely converted into work
- For non-cyclic process like an isothermal expansion, the heat can be completely converted into work.
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 143 of 152
143. Question
During a cyclic process, a heat engine absorbs 500 J of heat from a hot reservoir, does work and ejects an amount of heat 300 J into the surroundings (cold reservoir). Calculate the efficiency of the heat engine?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 144 of 152
144. Question
Who proved that a certain reversible engine operated in cycle between hot and cold reservoir can have maximum efficiency?
Correct
In the year 1824 a young French engineer Sadi Carnot proved that a certain reversible engine operated in cycle between hot and cold reservoir can have maximum efficiency. This engine is called Carnot engine.
Incorrect
In the year 1824 a young French engineer Sadi Carnot proved that a certain reversible engine operated in cycle between hot and cold reservoir can have maximum efficiency. This engine is called Carnot engine.
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Question 145 of 152
145. Question
A steam engine boiler is maintained at 250°C and water is converted into steam. This steam is used to do work and heat is ejected to the surrounding air at temperature 300K. Calculate the maximum efficiency it can have?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 146 of 152
146. Question
There are two Carnot engines A and B operating in two different temperature regions. For
Engine A the temperatures of the two reservoirs are 150°C and 100°C. For engine B the
temperatures of the reservoirs are 350°C and 300°C. What is engine A efficiency?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 147 of 152
147. Question
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Diesel engines used in cars and petrol engines used in our motor bikes are all real heat engines
- The efficiency of diesel engines has maximum up to 44% and the efficiency of petrol engines are maximum up to 30%.
Correct
Diesel engines used in cars and petrol engines used in our motor bikes are all real heat engines. The efficiency of diesel engines has maximum up to 44% and the efficiency of petrol engines are maximum up to 30%. Since these engines are not ideal heat engines (Carnot engine), their efficiency is limited by the second law of thermodynamics.
Incorrect
Diesel engines used in cars and petrol engines used in our motor bikes are all real heat engines. The efficiency of diesel engines has maximum up to 44% and the efficiency of petrol engines are maximum up to 30%. Since these engines are not ideal heat engines (Carnot engine), their efficiency is limited by the second law of thermodynamics.
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Question 148 of 152
148. Question
_____ is also called ‘measure of disorder’.
Correct
Entropy is also called ‘measure of disorder’. All- natural process occurs such that the disorder should always increases.
Incorrect
Entropy is also called ‘measure of disorder’. All- natural process occurs such that the disorder should always increases.
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Question 149 of 152
149. Question
A refrigerator has COP of 3. How much work must be supplied to the refrigerator in order to
remove 200 J of heat from its interion?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 150 of 152
150. Question
Top of the atmosphere is at___ °C and bottom of the atmosphere is at__ °C
Correct
The presence of atmosphere in the earth plays very important role in human lives. Top of the atmosphere is at -19°C and bottom of the atmosphere is at +14°C. The increase in 33°C from top to bottom is due to some gases present in the atmosphere. These gases are called Greenhouse gases and this effect is called Greenhouse effect.
Incorrect
The presence of atmosphere in the earth plays very important role in human lives. Top of the atmosphere is at -19°C and bottom of the atmosphere is at +14°C. The increase in 33°C from top to bottom is due to some gases present in the atmosphere. These gases are called Greenhouse gases and this effect is called Greenhouse effect.
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Question 151 of 152
151. Question
Which of the following are green-house gases?
- Ne
- He
- CO2
- All the above
Correct
The greenhouse gases are mainly CO2, water vapour, Ne, He, NO2, CH4, Xe, Kr, ozone and NH3. Except CO2 and water vapor, all others are present only in very small amount in the atmosphere.
Incorrect
The greenhouse gases are mainly CO2, water vapour, Ne, He, NO2, CH4, Xe, Kr, ozone and NH3. Except CO2 and water vapor, all others are present only in very small amount in the atmosphere.
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Question 152 of 152
152. Question
CO2 and other gases in the atmosphere trap____ radiation, keeping the earth warm.
Correct
Incorrect
Leaderboard: Heat and Thermodynamics 11th Science Lessons
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