Man and Environment 9th Social Science Lesson 12 Questions in English

9th Social Science Lesson 12 Questions in English

12. Man and Environment

1. The French word ‘environ’ means____

1. Encircled
2. Nature
3. Biosphere
4. Lithosphere

Explanation

The word ‘environment’ is derived from the French word ‘environ’ meaning encircled or surrounded. Environment includes both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components.

2. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Early man depended entirely on nature for food, clothing and shelter.
2. Man has enjoyed a dominant position over the other living organisms around him because of his erect posture, hands and intelligence
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

Early man depended entirely on nature for food, clothing and shelter. Man has enjoyed a dominant position over the other living organisms around him because of his erect posture, hands and intelligence. From the paleolithic period to the neolithic period, man has invented and developed the wheel, fire, tools and patterns of agriculture and housing to his comfort, which led him to improve the standard of living making himself technologically advanced.

3. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in____

1. Stockholm
2. Rio de Janeiro
3. London
4. New York

Explanation

The Stockholm Conference, 1972, declared man as both a creator and moulder of his environment. ‘The Earth Summit’, formally known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.

4. Match the following

1. Natural Environment 1. Bridges
2. Human Environment 2. Community
3. Man Made Environment 3. Land
4. 1, 3, 2
5. 2, 3, 1
6. 3, 2, 1
7. 3, 1, 2

Explanation

5. The Latin word ‘populus’ means_______

1. Number
2. People
3. Strength
4. Dense

Explanation

Human beings are important to develop the economy and society. The Latin word ‘populus’ means ‘people’. Population is the total number of people living together in a particular place at the given point of time.

6._____ is the statistical study of human population

1. Demography
2. Psephology
3. Humanology
4. Analogy

Explanation

In ancient Greek, ‘demos’ means people and ‘graphis’ means study of measurement. So, ‘Demography’ is the statistical study of human population.

7. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Population is a dynamic phenomenon where the number, distribution and composition are constantly changing
2. About the time of Industrial Revolution, it began to increase rapidly
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

Population is a dynamic phenomenon where the number, distribution and composition are constantly changing. Human population increases as babies are born and decreases as people die. For most of human history, births have only slightly exceeded deaths every year. As a result, human population grow slowly. About the time of Industrial Revolution, it began to increase rapidly.

8. Which of the following is natural reason for decrease in population?

1. Earthquakes
2. Landslides
3. Epidemics
4. All the above

Explanation

Natural increase of population is the difference between the birth rate and death rate. In fact population is always increasing but only in very rare cases it may decrease through natural or man-made disasters such as famine, landslides, earthquakes, tsunami, epidemics, extreme weather conditions and war.

9. The projected population for 2025 and 2050 is______ respectively

1. 8 billion and 9 billion
2. 6 billion and 9 billion
3. 8 billion and 8.5 billion
4. 7 billion and 8 billion

Explanation

Population change refers to an increase or decrease in the population of an area influenced by the number of births, deaths and migration. The population of the world doubled from 500 million in 1650 to 1000 million in1850.The projected population for 2025 and 2050 is about 8 billion and 9 billion respectively.

10. In India, the first census was carried out in_____

1. 1882
2. 1881
3. 1872
4. 1884

Explanation

In India, the first census was carried out in the year 1872. Censuses have been conducted regularly every tenth year since 1881. The Indian Census is the most comprehensive source of demographic, social and economic data.

11._______was the first country in the modern world to conduct a census

1. England
2. Denmark
3. USA
4. India

Explanation

The first known census was undertaken nearly six thousand years ago by the Babylonians in 3800 BC (BCE). Denmark was the first country in the modern world to conduct a census.

12. Which of the following characteristics of population are taken into census?

1. Age
2. Literacy
3. Occupation
4. 1, 3
5. 1, 2, 3
6. 2, 3
7. 1, 2

Explanation

Census is an official enumeration of population carried out periodically. It records information about the characteristics of population such as age, sex, literacy and occupation. Different countries of the world conduct census every 5 to 10 years as recommended by the United Nations.

13. Which of the following is reason for Population increases?

1. Birth
2. Immigration
3. Emigration
4. Deaths
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 2, 3, 4
7. 1, 2
8. 2, 3, 4

Explanation

Population increases when there are more births and immigration. It decreases when there are more deaths and emigration.

14. The dominant Explanation for black death is attributed to the outbreak of________

1. Rabies
2. Plague
3. Corona
4. Swine Flu

Explanation

The black death is estimated to have killed 30 – 60 percent of Europe’s total population during the 14th century. The dominant Explanation for black death is attributed to the outbreak of plague.

15. Which of the following is reason for Distribution of Population?

1. Physical Factors
2. Historical Factors
3. Economic Factors
4. 1, 3
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 2, 3
7. 1, 2

Explanation

Population distribution refers to the way in which people are spread out across the earth’s surface. The world population is not uniformly distributed, owing to the following factors. a). Physical Factors Physical factors include temperature, rainfall, soil, relief, water, natural vegetation, distribution of minerals and availability of energy resources. b). Historical Factors Regions with historical importance (river valley civilizations), war and constant invasions fall under historical factors responsible for population distribution. c). Economic Factors Educational institutions, employment opportunities, manufacturing industries, luxurious amenities, trade and commerce and other facilities encourage dense population in an area.

16. The World Population Day is observed on_____

1. 11th July
2. 21th June
3. 13th July
4. 11th march

Explanation

The World Population Day is observed on 11th July every year. It seeks to raise awareness of global population issues. The United Nations Development Programme started celebrating this event from the year 1989.

17. The world’s population density is divided into_____ main groups

1. 3
2. 2
3. 4
4. 5

Explanation

Density of population refers to the number of people living per square kilometre. The world’s population density is divided into three main groups.

18. Match the following

1. Areas of high density 1. Nigeria
2. Areas of moderate density 2. Canada
3. Areas of low density 3. Eastern North America
4. 1, 3, 2
5. 2, 3, 1
6. 3, 1, 2
7. 2, 1, 3

Explanation

Areas of high density (above 50 people per sq.km) – East Asia, South Asia, North West Europe & Eastern North America. Areas of moderate density (10 to 50 people per sq.km) – The sub-tropical regions like Angola, Congo, Nigeria and Zambia in Africa. Areas of low density (less than 10 people per sq.km) – Central Africa, Western Australia, Northern Russia, Canada, etc..

19. India has an official population policy implemented in_____

1. 1992
2. 1952
3. 1944
4. 1872

Explanation

India has an official population policy implemented in 1952. India was the first country to announce such a policy. The main objective of this policy was to slow down the rate of population growth, through promotion of various birth control measures.

20. Which of the following major river basin for were evolution of farming took place?

1. Ganges
2. Hwang Ho
3. Nile
4. Indus
5. 2, 3, 4
6. 1, 2, 4
7. 1, 2, 3
8. 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation

The evolution of farming took place along four major river basins i.e. the Nile, Indus, Hwang Ho, Euphrates – Tigris. Man built huts and mud houses. Slowly settlements came into existence. A settlement generally consisted of a cluster of houses, places of worship and a place of burial.

21. Match the following

1. Circular pattern 1. Roads cut each other at right angles
2. Star like pattern 2. found around the lakes, ponds and sea coasts
3. Linear pattern 3. located along road railway line and along edge of river valley
4. Rectangular pattern 4. Houses spread out along the sides of roads in all directions
5. 3, 4, 2, 1
6. 2, 4, 3, 1
7. 1, 2, 4, 3
8. 3, 2, 1, 4

Explanation

Rectangular pattern of settlements are found in plain areas or valleys. The roads are rectangular and cut each other at right angles.

In a linear pattern, the houses are located along a road, railway line and along the edge of the river valley or along a levee

The pattern of settlement that is found around the lakes, ponds and sea coasts are called circular or semi-circular pattern.

Wherever several metalled or unmetalled roads converge, star shaped settlements develop. In the star shaped settlements, houses are spread out along the sides of roads in all directions.

22. Which of the following are the other names of Cruciform settlements?

1. T-Shaped
2. Y-Shaped
3. Cross-Shaped
4. X-Shaped
5. 1, 2, 3
6. 2, 3, 4
7. 1, 2, 3
8. 1, 3, 4

Explanation

T-Shaped, Y-Shaped, Cross-Shaped or Cruciform settlements develop at trijunctions of the roads (T), while Y-shaped settlements emerge as the places where two roads converge with the third one. Cruciform settlements develop on the cross-roads which extend in all four directions.

23. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. The factors responsible for urbanization are better employment opportunities, suitable conditions for business, education, transport, etc.
2. Urban is the term related to cities and towns where people are primarily engaged in non-agricultural activities, such as secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities.
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

Urban is the term related to cities and towns where people are primarily engaged in non-agricultural activities, such as secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities. The common characteristic feature of an urban unit is that they are compact, congested and liable to a large number of population. They comprise of mostly man-made structures that full-fill the requirements of a society’s administrative, cultural, residential and religious functions. The factors responsible for urbanization are better employment opportunities, suitable conditions for business, education, transport, etc.

24. Arrange the following in increasing order

1. Hamlet
2. Conurbation
3. Small Town
4. City
5. 1, 4, 3, 2
6. 1, 3, 4, 2
7. 2, 4, 1, 3
8. 3, 4, 2, 1

Explanation

25. Match the following

1. Metropolitan cities 1. more than 50 lakhs
2. Town 2. between 10 lakhs and 50 lakhs
3. Megacities 3. less than 1 lakh
4. 2, 1, 3
5. 2, 3, 1
6. 1, 3, 2
7. 3, 2, 1

Explanation

Town: A town is generally larger than a village, but smaller than a city. It has a population of less than 1 lakh. E.g.: Arakkonam near Chennai City: Cities are much larger than towns and have a greater number of economic functions. The population in cities are estimated to be more than 1 lakh. E.g.: Coimbatore Metropolitan cities: Cities accommodating population between 10 lakhs and 50 lakhs are metropolitan cities. E.g.: Madurai Megacities: Cities with more than 50 lakh population are called Megacities. E.g.: Greater Chennai

26. Which of the following is an example of Conurbation?

1. Delhi
2. Kolkata
3. Trichy
4. Chennai

Explanation

A conurbation is a region comprising of a number of cities, large towns and other urban areas. E.g.: Delhi conurbation.

27.Which is widely believed to be the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world?

1. Delhi
2. Kolkata
3. Damascus
4. Tokyo

Explanation

Damascus is widely believed to be the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world, dating back to at least 11, 000 years. Tokyo is the world’s largest city with the greater Tokyo area, housing about 38 million inhabitants.

28. According to the Quality of Living Rankings by Consultancy Mercer, in 2016 which city

stands second?

1. Tokyo
2. Delhi
3. Zurich
4. Vienna

Explanation

According to the Quality of Living Rankings by Consultancy Mercer, in 2016, the city offering the best quality of life was Vienna, with Zurich falling second. (Sources: United Nations, UNESCO, Mercer).

29. Match the following

1. Primary Activities 1. Education
2. Tertiary Activities 2. Iron and Steel industries
3. Secondary Activities 3. Lumbering
4. Quaternary Activities 4. Trade
5. 3, 4, 2, 1
6. 2, 3, 4, 1
7. 3, 4, 1, 2.
8. 2, 4, 1, 3

Explanation

Primary Activities pertain to the extraction of raw materials from the earth’s surface. For example: food gathering, hunting, lumbering, fishing, cattle rearing, mining and agriculture. Secondary Activities transform raw materials into finished goods. For example: Iron and Steel industries, automobile manufacturing etc. Activities which by themselves do not produce goods, but support the process of production are called tertiary activities. For example: Transport, communication, banking, storage and trade. The activities related to Research and Development, as well as knowledge are called Quaternary activities. For e.g. Services like consultation, education and banking

30. Who among the following comes under Quinary Activities?

1. Consultation
2. Scientists
3. Transport workers
4. All the above

Explanation

The activities that focus on the creation, rearrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas are called quinary activities. It includes the highest levels of decision making in a society or economy. E.g.: Senior business executives, scientists and policy makers in the Government.

31. Which of the following are effects of Deforestation?

1. depletion of ozone layer
2. extinction of species
3. floods and droughts
4. 2, 3
5. 1, 2
6. 1, 3
7. 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Deforestation results in many effects like floods and droughts, loss of soil fertility, air pollution, extinction of species, global warming, spread of deserts, depletion of water resource, melting of ice caps and glaciers, rise in sea level and depletion of ozone layer.

32. UNCED stands for_____

1. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
2. United Nations Conference on Economy and Development
3. United Nations Conference on Environment and its Degradation
4. United Nations Conference on Ecology and Development

Explanation

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) by name Earth Summit Conference held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on June 1992 concluded that all member countries should reduce their emission of carbon dioxide, methane and other green house gases thought to be responsible for global warming.

33. Match the following correctly

1. Brundtland Commission 1. 1972
2. Earth Summit Conference held at Brazil 2. 1992
3. Stockholm Conference 3. 1987
4. 3, 2, 1
5. 2, 3, 1
6. 1, 3, 2
7. 2, 1, 3

Explanation

In 1987, the Brundtland Commission cited the definition of sustainability. The Stockholm Conference, 1972, declared man as both a creator and moulder of his environment. ‘The Earth Summit’, formally known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.

34. Which of the following are elements of Sustainable development?

1. economic growth
2. social aspects
3. environmental protection
4. 1, 3
5. 2, 3
6. 1, 2, 3
7. 1, 2

Explanation

For sustainable development to be achieved, it is crucial to harmonize three core elements: economic growth, social aspects and environmental protection. These elements are interconnected and are crucial for the wellbeing of individuals and societies. To achieve true sustainability, we need to balance the economic ,social and environmental factors of sustainability in equal harmony.

35. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. The ability of a social system such as a country, family or organization to function at a defined level of social well being and harmony is called social sustainability
2. Problems like war, endemic poverty, widespread injustice and low education rates are symptoms of a system in socially unsustainable
3. 1 alone
4. 2 alone
5. 1, 2
6. None

Explanation

The ability of a social system such as a country, family or organization to function at a defined level of social well being and harmony is called social sustainability. Problems like war, endemic poverty, widespread injustice and low education rates are symptoms of a system in socially unsustainable. The balancing capacity of a government in maintaining peaceful existence towards other countries and at the same time providing the requirements of its citizens without affecting the environment creates social sustainability.