Society and Culture In Ancient Tamizhagam: The Sangam Age Book 6th Social Science Lesson 16

6th Social Science Lesson 16

16] Society and Culture In Ancient Tamizhagam: The Sangam Age

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Do You Know?

Arumuga Navalar (Jaffna), U.V. Swaminatha Iyer and Damodharam Pillai (Jaffna) strove hard and spent many years in retrieving and publishing the Tamil classics and the ancient Tamil texts, which were originally present as palm leaf manuscripts.

Tholkappiyam is a work on Tamil grammar. It represents the quality of Tamil language and the culture of Tamil people of the Sangam Age.

George L. Hart, Professor of Tamil language at the University of California, has said that Tamil is as old as Latin. The language arose as an entirely independent tradition with no influence of other languages.

Prominent Chera Rulers: Udayan Cheralatha, Imayavaramban Netun Cheralathan, Cheran Senguttuvan, Cheral Irumporai.

Kallanai: It was a dyke, built with stones. It was constructed across the Kaveri to divert water throughout the delta region for irrigation. When it was built, Kallanai irrigated an area of about 69,000 acres.

Prominent Chola Ruler: Ilanchetsenni, Karikal Valavan, Kocengannan, Killi Valavan, Perunarkilli.

Prominent Pandya Rulers: Nediyon, Nanmaran, Mudukudumi Peruvazuthi, Nedunchezhiyan.

Veerakkal/Natukkal: The ancient Tamils had a great respect for the heroes who died in the battle field. The hero stones were erected to commemorate heroes who sacrificed their lives in war.

Women Poets of Sangam Age: Avvaiyar, Velli Veethiyar, Kakkaipadiniyar, Aathi Manthiyar, Pon Mudiyar.

Malabar Black Pepper: When the Mummy of Ramses II of the Egypt was uncovered, archaeologists found black pepper corns stuffed into his nostrils and in his abdomen (as a part of embalming process practised in olden days) .

Silk supplied by Indian merchants to the Roman Empire was considered so important that the Roman emperor Aurelian declared it to be worth its weight in gold.

Muziris – First Emporium: The Roman writer Pliny the Elder writes of Muziris in his Natural History as the ‘first emporium (shopping complex) of India’. A temple of Augustus was built at Muziris, which had a Roman colony.

A papyrus document (now in Vienna museum) of 2^nd century BC (BCE) records the agreement between two merchants’ shippers of Alexandria and Muziris.

Choose the best answers:

1. Pattini cult in Tamil Nadu was introduced by ______________

(a) Pandya Neduncheliyan

(b) Cheran Senguttuvan

(c) Ilango Adigal

(d) Mudathirumaran

2. Which dynasty was not in power during the Sangam Age?

(a) Pandyas

(b) Cholas

(c) Pallavas

(d) Cheras

3. The rule of Pandyas was followed by ____________

(a) Satavahanas

(b) Cholas

(c) Kalabhras

(d) Pallavas

4. The lowest unit of administration during the Sangam Age was ______________

(a) Mandalam

(b) Nadu

(c) Ur

(d) Pattinam

5. What was the occupation of the inhabitants of the Kurinji region?

(a) Plundering

(b) Cattle rearing

(c) Hunting and gathering

(d) Agriculture

Consider the statements given below and choose the correct option:

1. Assertion (A): The assembly of the poets was known as Sangam.

Reason (R): Tamil was the language of Sangam literature.

(a) Both A and R are true. R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true. R is not the correct explanation of A

(c) A is true but R is false

(d) Both A and R is not true.

2. Which of the following statements are not true?

1. Karikala won the battle of Talayalanganam.

2. The Pathitrupathu provides information about Chera Kings.

3. The earliest literature of the Sangam age was written mostly in the form of prose.

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 only

3. The ascending order of the administrative division in the ancient Tamizhagam was

(a) Ur < Nadu < Kurram < Mandalam

(b) Ur < Kurram < Nadu < Mandalam

(c) Ur < Mandalam < Kurram < Nadu

(d) Nadu < Kurram < Mandalam < Ur

4. Match the following dynasties with the Royal Insignia

A) Chera – 1. Two Fish

B) Chola – 2. Tiger

C) Pandya – 3. Bow and arrow

(a) 3 2 1

(b) 1 2 3

(c) 3 1 2

(d) 2 1 3

Fill in the blanks:

1. The battle of Venni was won by _______________

2. The earliest Tamil grammar work of the Sangam period was ______________

3. ______________ built Kallanai across the river Kaveri.

4. The chief of the army was known as ____________

5. Land revenue was called _______________

State true or false. If false, correct the statement:

1. The singing bards of the Sangam age were called Irular.

2. Caste system developed during the Sangam period.

3. Kizhar was the village chief.

4. Puhar was the general term for city.

5. Coastal region was called Marudham.

Match the following:

1. Thennar – Cheras

2. Vanavar – Cholas

3. Senni – Velir

4. Adiyaman – Pandyas

Answers:

Choose the correct answer:

1. Cheran Senguttuvan 2. Pallavas 3. Kalabhras 4. Ur 5. Hunting and Gathering

Consider the statements given below and choose the correct option:

1. Both A and R are true. R is not the correct explanation of A
2. Statement 1 and 3 are true.
3. Ur < Kurram < Nadu < Mandalam

Match the following dynasties with the Royal Insignia

1. Bow and arrow 2. Tiger 3. Two Fish

Fill in the blanks:

1. Karikalan 2. Tholkappiyam 3. Karikalan 4. Thanaithalaivan 5. Irai

State true or false:

1. False – Correct Statement: The singing bards of the Sangam age were called panar and viraliyar.
2. False – Correct Statement: Caste system was not developed during the Sangam period.
3. True
4. False – Correct Statement: Puhar was the leading city of the Sangam age.
5. False – Correct Statement: Coastal region was called Neithal.

Match the following:

1. Pandyas 2. Cheras 3. Cholas 4. Velir