Weather and Climate 8th Social Science Lesson 6 Questions in English

8th Social Science Lesson 6 Questions in English

6. Weather and Climate

1. Which influence man’s activities like what we eat, wear, the house in which we live and work, farming, sailing, and even our play time etc.?

a) Climate

b) Time

c) Television

d) Government

Explanation

Weather and climate influence man’s activities like what we eat, wear, the house in which we live and work, farming, sailing, and even our play time etc.

2. Which is the day today conditions(state) of the atmosphere at any place as regards sunshine, temperature, cloud cover, air pressure, humidity?

a) Climate

b) Weather

c) Broadcast

d) Transport

Explanation

Weather is the day today conditions(state) of the atmosphere at any place as regards sunshine, temperature, cloud cover, Wind fog condition, air pressure, humidity, precipitation and such other elements.

3. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) Weather refers to long period like several months

2) The weather is cool in winter and hot in summer.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Weather refers to short periods like a day, a week, a month or a little longer and as such the weather changes from time to time in a day and one period to the other in a year. The weather is cool in winter and hot in summer.

4. The average atmospheric conditions are determined by measuring the weather elements for a period of how many years?

a) 30 years

b) 32 years

c) 40 years

d) 35 years

Explanation

The average atmospheric conditions are determined by measuring the weather elements for a long period of time which is usually for 35 years.

5. Scientific study of weather is called _____

a) Climatology

b) Seismology

c) Paleontology

d) Meteorology

Explanation

Scientific study of weather is called Meteorology and the scientific study of climate is called climatology.

6. The difference in what makes the air and water move in currents?

a) Pressure

b) Temperature

c) Speed

d) Light rays

Explanation

The difference in temperature makes the air and water move in currents.

7. Which air rises and create more space for air beneath?

a) Warm air

b) Cool air

c) Dark air

d) Dusty air

Explanation

Warm air rises and creates more space for air beneath, while cool air settles down.

8. Which is generally defined as the average conditions (state) of the weather of a place or a region?

a) Air

b) Temperature

c) Climate

d) Clouds

Explanation

Climate is generally defined as the average conditions (state) of the weather of a place or a region.

9. Which of the following statement is correct

1) The Polar regions receive slanting sun’s rays. Hence there is little or no sunlight, thus there is an Extreme Cold Winters.

2) Vertical sun’s ray’s fall directly on regions around the equator hence the climate is very hot in summer and very cold in winters

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

The Polar regions receive slanting sun’s rays. Hence there is little or no sunlight, thus there is an extreme cold Winters. Vertical sun’s ray’s fall directly on regions around the equator hence the climate is very hot and almost no winters.

10. Which of following is not the factors which affect the weather and climate of a region.

a) Angle of the sun’s rays

b) Distribution of land

c) Gravitation

d) Air pressure

Explanation

Angle of the sun’s rays, the length of daytime, altitude, distribution of land and water bodies, location and direction of mountain ranges, air pressure, winds and ocean currents are the major factors which affect the weather and climate of a region.

11. The earth and its atmosphere get heated from the sun through _____

a) Condensation

b) Insolation

c) Conduction

d) Convection

Explanation

Temperature is one of the key elements of weather and climate. The earth and its atmosphere get heated from the sun through insolation.

12. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) Temperature varies with time due to changes in the level of radiation which reach the earth surface

2) Temperature variation is due to motions of the earth (The rotation and revolution) and inclination of the earth’s axis.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Temperature varies with time due to changes in the level of radiation which reach the earth surface. This is due to motions of the earth (The rotation and revolution) and inclination of the earth’s axis.

13. Heat energy from solar radiation is received by the earth through which mechanism?

a) Radiation

b) Conduction

c) Convection

d) All the above

Explanation

Heat energy from solar radiation is received by the earth through three mechanisms. They are radiation, conduction and convection.

14. Which of the following is the major elements of weather and climate?

a) Temperature

b) Rainfall

c) Ocean current

d) Humidity

Explanation

Temperature, rainfall, pressure, humidity and wind are the major elements of weather and climate.

15. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) The temperature influences the level of humidity, the process of evaporation, condensation and precipitation.

2) The Earth’s atmosphere is heated more by insolation than Terrestrial radiation.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

The temperature influences the level of humidity, the process of evaporation, condensation and precipitation. The Earth’s atmosphere is heated more by terrestrial radiation than insolation.

16. Temperature decreases with increasing height is known as _____

a) Celsius rate

b) Conduction rate

c) Lapse rate

d) Latitude rate

Explanation

Temperature varies both horizontally and vertically. Temperature decreases with increasing height is known as Lapse rate.

17. Which of the following is not measuring scale of temperature

a) Celsius

b) Kelvin

c) Pascal

d) Fahrenheit

Explanation

The temperature of a unit volume of air at a given time is measured in scales like Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.

18. Which of the following is used to measure temperature by Meteorologist?

a) Thermometer

b) Stevenson screen

c) Minimum temperature

d) All the above

Explanation

Meteorologist measures the temperature by the Thermometer, Stevenson screen and minimum and maximum Thermometer.

19. The maximum temperature in atmosphere is recorded mostly in which time?

a) 2 to 4 pm

b) 12 to 2 pm

c) 1 to 3 pm

d) 11 am to 1 pm

Explanation

Atmosphere is mainly heated by outgoing radiation from 2 to 4pm.So the maximum temperature is recorded between 2 and 4 pm regularly and minimum temperature is recorded around 4 am before sunrise.

20. The average of maximum and minimum temperatures within 24 hours is called ______

a) Daily temperature

b) Mean daily temperature

c) Average daily temperature

d) Per day temperature

Explanation

The average of maximum and minimum temperatures within 24 hours is called mean daily temperature.

21. Which of the following statement is correct

1) Diurnal range of temperature is the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures of a day

2) Annual range of temperature is the difference between the highest and lowest mean monthly temperatures of a year.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Diurnal range of temperature is the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures of a day. Annual range of temperature is the difference between the highest and lowest mean monthly temperatures of a year.

22. What are imaginary lines which connect the same temperatures of different places?

a) Pascals

b) Isotherms

c) Stevenson

d) Lapse

Explanation

The distribution of temperature is shown by means of Isotherms. Isotherms are imaginary lines which connect the same temperatures of different places.

23. Which is the fact that cause different parts of the earth getting heated differently?

a) Earth is spherical

b) Earth is orbiting

c) Earth is rocky

d) Earth is gaseous

Explanation

The fact that the earth is spherical in shape results in different parts of the earth getting heated differently.

24. Based on the heat received from the sun, Earth is divided into how many heat zones?

a) 2

b) 4

c) 5

d) 3

Explanation

Based on the heat received from the sun, Earth is divided into three heat zones.

25. What is the name of the zone lies between the Arctic circle and the North Pole and between the Antarctic circle and the South Pole

a) Torrid zone

b) Temperate zone

c) Frigid zone

d) Ice zone

Explanation

Frigid Zone lies between the Arctic circle and the North Pole and between the Antarctic circle and the South Pole.

26. Which zone gets the slanting rays of the sun and the angle of the sun’s rays goes on decreasing towards ds the poles?

a) Torrid zone

b) Temperate zone

c) Frigid zone

d) Polar zone

Explanation

Temperate zone gets the slanting rays of the sun and the angle of the sun’s rays goes on decreasing towards the poles. This zone experiences moderate temperature.

27. Which region receives the direct rays of the sun and gets the maximum heat from the sun?

a) Torrid zone

b) Temperate zone

c) Polar zone

d) Frigid zone

Explanation

Torrid zone region receives the direct rays of the sun and gets the maximum heat from the sun. This zone known as the torrid or the tropical zone.

28. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) Torrid Zone is a region between the tropic of cancer and the tropic of Capricorn

2) Temperate zone lies between the Tropic of cancer and the Arctic circle in the Northern Hemisphere and between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic circle in the southern Hemisphere

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Torrid Zone is a region between the tropic of cancer and the tropic of Capricorn. Temperate zone lies between the Tropic of cancer and the Arctic circle in the Northern Hemisphere and between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic circle in the southern Hemisphere.

29. Which region is also known as Polar region?

a) Torrid zone

b) Temperate zone

c) Frigid zone

d) Ice zone

Explanation

Frigid region also known as Polar region. Since it receives the extremely low temperature throughout the year, these regions are covered with snow.

30. The highest temperature ever recorded on the earth is what?

a) 52.6 °C

b) 58.2 °C

c) 55.8 °C

d) 56.7 °C

Explanation

The highest temperature ever recorded on the earth is 56.7°C (134°F).

31. Where did highest temperature ever recorded on the earth?

a) USA

b) Russia

c) China

d) Brazil

Explanation

The highest temperature was recorded on 10th July 1913 at Greenland Ranch of Death Valley, California, USA.

32. The lowest temperature ever recorded on the earth is what?

a) −82.4 °C

b) −89.2 °C

c) −88.6 °C

d) −91.4 °C

Explanation

The lowest temperature ever recorded on the earth is −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F; 184.0 K).

33. When lowest temperature on earth was recorded at soviet Vostok station in Antarctica?

a) 1916

b) 1949

c) 1983

d) 1975

Explanation

The lowest temperature on earth ever was recorded on 21st July, 1983 at Soviet Vostok Station in Antarctica.

34. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) Rain is a liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapour and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity.

2) Glacier is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Rain is a liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapour and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth.

35. Generally rainfall is high in the equatorial region and decreases gradually towards poles. Rainfall is measured by ______

a) Anemometer

b) Hydro Gauge

c) Rain Gauge

d) Barometer

Explanation

Rainfall is high in the equatorial region and decreases gradually towards poles. Rainfall is measured by Rain gauge.

36. The weight of air above a given area on the earth’s surface is called ____

a) Atmospheric pressure

b) Gaseous pressure

c) Valve pressure

d) Humidity pressure

Explanation

The weight of air above a given area on the earth’s surface is called atmospheric pressure or air pressure.

37. The air pressure is measured by which instrument?

a) Pressure Gauge

b) Barometer

c) Seismometer

d) Rain Gauge

Explanation

Meteorologist uses barometer/aneroid barometer to measure the air pressure.

38. The standard air pressure at sea level is what?

a) 1020.13mb

b) 1013.25mb

c) 1021.21mb

d) 1019.21mb

Explanation

The standard air pressure at sea level is 1013.25mb. At the earth’s surface the pressure is 1.03kg.per.sq cm

39. Which of the following statement is correct

1) The variation in standard atmospheric pressure is found vertically.

2) Based on the level of pressure, it is categorised into low pressure and high pressure.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

The variation in standard atmospheric pressure is found both horizontally and vertically. Based on the level of pressure, it is categorized into low pressure and high pressure.

40. Which is used to show the distribution of air pressure in atmosphere?

a) Isotopes

b) Pascal

c) Isobar

d) Isometric

Explanation

Isobar is used to show the distribution of air pressure in atmosphere.

41. Low pressure systems are also called as a _____

a) Cyclones

b) Anticyclones

c) Humidity

d) Relative humidity

Explanation

Low pressure systems are also called as a depression and cyclones. High pressure system is called anti cyclones

42. Which of the following statement is correct

1) Low pressure area is an area in the atmosphere where the pressure is lower than its surrounding areas

2) High pressure is an area of atmosphere where the barometric pressure is higher than its surrounding areas

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Low pressure area is an area in the atmosphere where the pressure is lower than its surrounding areas. High pressure is an area of atmosphere where the barometric pressure is higher than its surrounding areas.

43. Low pressure lead to what?

a) Cloudiness

b) Wind

c) Precipitation

d) All the above

Explanation

Low pressure leads to cloudiness, wind, and precipitation. High pressure leads to fair and calm weather.

44. Where did the highest ever air pressure at sea level was recorded?

a) Russia

b) USA

c) China

d) Australia

Explanation

The highest ever air pressure at sea level was recorded at Agata, Russia on 31st December, 1968.

45. What was the highest ever air pressure at sea level?

a) 1060.7mb

b) 1076.6mb

c) 1083.8mb

d) 1080.4mb

Explanation

The highest ever air pressure at sea level recorded was 1083.8mb

46. Where did the lowest pressure of 870mb was recorded?

a) Mariana Island

b) Seychelles Island

c) Barren Island

d) The Dalmatian Island

Explanation

The lowest pressure of 870mb was recorded at Typhoon Tip, near Guam, Mariana Island in Pacific Ocean.

47. In which year the lowest pressure ever recorded?

a) 1970

b) 1965

c) 1984

d) 1979

Explanation

The lowest ever air pressure was recorded on 12th October, 1979.

48. Which of the following statement is incorrect

1) Barograms are used for recording continuous variation in atmospheric pressure.

2) Humans are not sensitive to small variation in air pressure.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Humans are not sensitive to small variation in air pressure. Barograms are used for recording continuous variation in atmospheric pressure.

49. Which refers to the degree of water vapour present in the atmosphere in gaseous form in particular time and place?

a) Evaporation

b) Pressure

c) Humidity

d) Clouds

Explanation

Humidity refers to the degree of water vapour present in the atmosphere in gaseous form in particular time and place.

50. Which of the following statement is correct

1) Climatically Humidity is an important constituent of the atmosphere and its quantity depends on the level of temperature.

2) The level of humidity Increase towards poles from equator.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Climatically it is an important constituent of the atmosphere and its quantity depends on the level of temperature. So, the level of humidity decreases towards poles from equator.

51. Humidity ranges from what percent by volume in atmosphere?

a) 0 – 7%

b) 0 – 2%

c) 0 – 4%

d) 0 – 5%

Explanation

Humidity ranges from 0-5 percent by volume in atmosphere.

52. What is a ratio of the water vapor content of the mixture to the total air content on a mass basis?

a) Specific humidity

b) Absolute humidity

c) Relative humidity

d) All the above

Explanation

Specific humidity is a ratio of the water vapor content of the mixture to the total air content on a mass basis. It is expressed in grams of vapour per kilogram of air.

53. Which is the mass or weight of water vapour present per unit volume of air?

a) Specific humidity

b) Absolute humidity

c) Relative humidity

d) None of the above

Explanation

Absolute Humidity is the mass or weight of water vapour present per unit volume of air. It is expressed usually in grams per cubic meter of air.

54. Which air holds more water vapour generally?

a) Cool air

b) Warm air

c) Freeze air

d) Dusty air

Explanation

Generally, warm air holds more water vapour than the cold air.

55. When relative humidity reaches 100%, the air gets saturated. In this condition the temperature is said to be at _____

a) Humidity

b) Vapour point

c) Dew point

d) Positive point

Explanation

When relative humidity reaches 100%, the air gets saturated. In this condition the temperature is said to be at dew-point.

56. Which is a ratio between the actual amount of water vapour present in the air and the maximum amount of water vapour it can hold at a given temperature?

a) Specific humidity

b) Heat point

c) Absolut humidity

d) Relative humidity

Explanation

Relative humidity is a ratio between the actual amount of water vapour present in the air and the maximum amount of water vapour it can hold at a given temperature. It is expressed as a percentage.

57. Which of the following statement is correct

1) Very high and very low humidity are injurious to health

2) Relative humidity does not affect human health.

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

Relative humidity affects human health and comfortness. Very high and very low humidity are injurious to health. It also affects the stability of different objects, buildings and electrical applications.

58. What is the instrument used to measure the humidity?

a) Seismometer

b) Anemometer

c) Hygrometer

d) Hydrometer

Explanation

Hygrometer is used to measure the humidity. (which comprises wet and dry bulb plate side by side in the Stevenson screen)

59. The vertical movement of air is called _____

a) Wind

b) Air Current

c) Air Wave

d) Air Float

Explanation

The horizontal movement of air is called wind. Vertical movement of air is said as air current.

60. Wind move from where to where?

a) High pressure to low pressure

b) Low pressure to high pressure

c) Low pressure to medium pressure

d) None of the above

Explanation

The winds move from high pressure to low pressure. Unlike other elements a wind is made up of a series of gusts and eddies which can only be felt and not seen.

61. The wind systems are broadly categorized into how many types?

a) 4

b) 6

c) 3

d) 2

Explanation

The wind systems are broadly categorized into three as follows 1. Planetary winds 2. Seasonal winds 3. Local winds

62. Planetary winds are also called as _____

a) Permanent winds

b) Temporary winds

c) Border winds

d) Continental winds

Explanation

Planetary Winds are the ones which blow almost in the same direction throughout the year. So, they are called as Permanent or planetary winds.

63. Which winds blow from sea to land during summer and land to sea during winter?

a) Permanent winds

b) Local winds

c) Trade winds

d) Seasonal winds

Explanation

Seasonal winds are those which change their direction according to season in a year. They are called as monsoon winds. These wind blow from sea to land during summer and land to sea during winter.

64. Which winds blow over a small area only during a particular time of a day or a short period of a year?

a) Trade winds

b) Local winds

c) Seasonal winds

d) Polar wind

Explanation

Local winds are the winds blow over a small area only during a particular time of a day or a short period of a year.

65. Which of the following is not the planetary wind?

a) Trade wind

b) Sea breezes

c) Westerlies

d) Polar easterlies

Explanation

Trade winds, Westerlies and polar easterlies are the types of prevailing or planetary winds. Land and sea breezes are example of local winds.

66. What is the scale for measuring wind speed?

a) Seismic magnitude scale

b) Richter scale

c) Beaufort scale

d) Kelvin scale

Explanation

The Beaufort scale is a scale for measuring wind speed. It is based on observation rather than accurate measurement.

67. Beaufort scale was developed by Francis Beaufort in the year?

a) 1810

b) 1805

c) 1811

d) 1803

Explanation

The Beaufort scale was developed in 1805 by Francis Beaufort, an officer of the Royal Navy and first officially used by HMS Beagle.

68. Which instrument is used to measure wind speed?

a) Anemometer

b) Accelerometer

c) Hygrometer

d) Seismometer

Explanation

Wind speed is measured by anemometer.

69. Wind direction is measured using ____

a) Accelerometer

b) Weather cock

c) Weather meter

d) Seismometer

Explanation

Meteorologist measures wind direction using wind vane or weather cock.

70. Which country has large area where the average wind speed is low?

a) Brazil

b) China

c) India

d) USA

Explanation

Brazil has a large area where the average wind speed is low. Gabon, Congo and DR Congo in Africa, Sumatra, Indonesia and Malaysia are the least windy places on earth.

71. Transfer of heat energy from one place to another through the substances that are in direct contact with each other is called ____

a) Radiation

b) Condensation

c) Conduction

d) Insolation

Explanation

Transfer of heat energy from one place to another through the substances that are in direct contact with each other is called conduction.

72. What are the wind circulation that develops when the wind blows over or adjacent to rough terrain, buildings, mountains or other obstructions?

a) Waves

b) Eddies

c) Fall

d) Rotary

Explanation

Eddies are the wind circulation that develops when the wind blows over or adjacent to rough terrain, buildings, mountains or other obstructions.

73. Which instrument records wind speed and direction, sunshine and precipitation?

a) Triple register

b) Double register

c) Wind vane

d) Double column

Explanation

Meteorograph or triple register is an instrument which records wind speed and direction, sunshine and precipitation. It also provides graphic representation.

74. Which of the following statement is correct

1) With decreasing air pressure, the availability of oxygen to breath also decreases

2) Aircraft create artificial pressure in the cabin which makes the passengers remain comfortable while flying

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1 and 2

d) None

Explanation

With decreasing air pressure, the availability of oxygen to breath also decreases. Aircraft create artificial pressure in the cabin which makes the passengers remain comfortable while flying.

75. Earth’s atmosphere contain what percentage of nitrogen?

a) 75%

b) 78%

c) 71%

d) 69%

Explanation

Earth’s atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet earth and retained by the earth’s gravity. It contains about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.97% argon, 0.03% carbon dioxide and 0.04% trace amounts of other gases and water vapor.

76. Which diagram is used to depict the direction and periods (No. of days) of prevailing winds on map?

a) Wind vane

b) Wind flow

c) Wind rose

d) Wind pin

Explanation

Wind rose is a diagram used to depict the direction and periods (No. of days) of prevailing winds on map.